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Emotion work and relationship maintenance behaviors are known to improve relationshipquality. Previous studies have revealed gender differences in both emotion work and relationshipmaintenance behaviors. This quantitative study aims to explore the gender gap seen in emotionwork through measuring relationship maintenance behavior and additionally explore if the roleof attachment moderates gender differences. It was hypothesized that relationship maintenancestrategies will be gendered, additionally insecure attachment will be gendered, and there will bean interaction between gender and attachment in predicting relationship maintenance scores.Results indicate women predict higher relationship maintenance scores. Insecure attachment wasnot found to be gendered, however there was a small interaction between attachment and genderindicating women high in anxious attachment score higher in relationship maintenance comparedto men high in anxious attachment. Research efforts have focused on understanding predictors ofrelationship quality relationships because fostering healthy relationships are known to improvelife outcomes.

We present an investigation of clustered stellar feedback in the form of superbubbles identified within 11 galaxies from the FIRE-2 (Feedback in Realistic Environments) cosmological zoom-in simulation suite, at both cosmic noon (1 < z < 3) and in the local universe. We study the spatially resolved multiphase outflows that these supernovae drive, comparing our findings with recent theory and observations. These simulations consist of five Large Magellanic Cloud–mass galaxies and six Milky Way-mass progenitors (with a minimum baryonic particle mass of |$m_{\rm b.min} = 7100\,{\rm M}_{\odot }$|⁠). For all galaxies, we calculate the local and galaxy-averaged mass and energy-loading factors from the identified outflows. We also characterize the multiphase morphology and properties of the identified superbubbles, including the 'shell' of cool (⁠|$T\lt 10^5$|  K) gas and break out of energetic hot (⁠|$T\gt 10^5$|  K) gas when the shell bursts. We find that these simulations, regardless of redshift, have mass-loading factors and momentum fluxes in the cool gas that largely agree with recent observations. Lastly, we also investigate how methodological choices in measuring outflows can affect loading factors for galactic winds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though research into police use of force continues to expand, analysis of off-duty police violence remains deficient and duty status comparisons of police violence are almost non-existent. Some argue that the broader policing context may ‘spill-over’ into off-duty settings, creating a consistency in police behaviour regardless of duty status. Others argue that off-duty police violence is vastly different from on-duty excessive force. The present study aimed to empirically compare extra-legal violence by police officers committed on- versus off-duty, to explore possible duty status differences in behaviours of the offending officers and the victims involved, as well as situational characteristics of the encounters. A sample of 119 cases (61 on-duty and 58 off-duty) of violence by Australian police officers that was determined to have violated law or policy was collected from open access sources (law reports and media articles) and content analysed. Chi-square analysis was used to select variables into three multivariate regression models to predict duty status from offender behaviour, victim behaviour, and individual/situational characteristics. A final regression model then included all resultant significant factors. The primary finding was the consistency across duty status in many aspects, particularly officer characteristics, despite some notable differences in context. The full model showed the factors most predictive of duty status to be offender verbal behaviour and handcuff use, and the situational characteristics of the number of offending officers present and whether the victim had been suspected of a crime. The behavioural consistency across duty status is discussed in terms of spill-over of police violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Methods Results Significance The Phase 3 Study 338 (NCT02834793) assessed long‐term clinical outcomes of adjunctive perampanel in patients ≥2 years of age with uncontrolled seizures associated with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS).Eligible patients were diagnosed with LGS and receiving one to four concomitant antiseizure medications with an average of two or more drop seizures/week during baseline. The study comprised an 18‐week double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled Core Study and ≥52‐week open‐label Extension. The primary endpoint was median percent change in drop seizure frequency per 28 days during the Core Study. Key secondary endpoints included responder rates, seizure‐freedom rates, and safety outcomes. Post hoc analyses were performed encompassing a broader range of drop seizures or all countable motor seizures.Seventy patients were randomized into the Core Study (perampanel, n = 34; placebo, n = 36), and 58 entered the Extension. In the Core Study, numerically greater median percent reductions in drop seizure frequency were observed with perampanel (23.1%) vs placebo (4.5%) using prespecified assessments (p = .107), whereas significantly greater reductions were detected using the broader definition (48.6% vs −.7%, respectively, p = .001) or all countable motor seizures (44.0% vs −.6%, respectively, p = .017). The 50% responder rate for drop seizures was higher with perampanel vs placebo using modern definitions. Reductions in seizure frequency with perampanel were maintained over 52 weeks. Treatment‐emergent adverse events occurred in 85.3% of perampanel‐treated patients (somnolence [23.5%] was the most frequent) and 72.2% of placebo‐treated patients.This study had a reduced sample size and was underpowered. Although the difference in reductions in drop seizure frequency between treatments was not statistically significant by prespecified assessments, adjunctive perampanel demonstrated sustained efficacy in reducing drop seizures associated with LGS for ≤71 weeks using modern definitions. No new safety signals emerged. These observations suggest the long‐term efficacy and safety of perampanel in the LGS population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aim Design Data Sources Review Methods Results Conclusions Implications for the Profession Impact Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution This systematic review aims to describe and compare the characteristics of Hospital in the Home (HITH) models of care within Australia.A systematic review of peer‐reviewed Australian literature.Seven databases were searched in January 2024, followed by citation searching. Articles were included if they were described the HITH model of care and were published between 1994 and 2024.Covidence was used to facilitate the removal of duplicates, independent total and abstract screening and full text review. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) was used to assess the quality of evidence, and title and abstract screening and full text review were completed by multiple authors. This ensured that all articles met the inclusion criteria and were then assessed, and the final articles were assessed using matrix analysis, and results were presented using narrative synthesis.Ten articles met the inclusion criteria, highlighting three models care; the medical model, the nursing model and the brokerage model.There is limited research available that includes the model of care and patient outcomes. Future research needs to consider the differences between HITH programs, such as the model of care, admission pathway, utilisation of telehealth and geography of the population.This review may assist Australian HITH health professionals to improve the efficacy of the HITH model of care delivered within their health service and increase translatability of future HITH research.This study highlighted for the first time the models of HITH care utilised within Australia. Three models of care are currently utilised within Australia, this knowledge may assist health services seeking to enhance their HITH model of care and policy writers.This review adhered to the EQUATOR guidelines, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis.No patient or public contribution.Trial Registration: Registered with the international prospective register for protocols of systematic reviews in health social care CRD42024500950 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preceptorship is considered an essential component in undergraduate nursing student's clinical placement, especially those in speciality units such as mental health. During the preceptorship relationship students are granted the opportunity to work alongside experienced nurses in the ward observing their interactions with patients and other professionals. In addition, students are able to build clinical confidence and competence. There is currently a gap in the literature around the preceptorship experience in the mental health clinical environment which warrants further exploration. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of Registered Nurses precepting undergraduate nursing students during mental health clinical placements. A qualitative, exploratory approach was performed. A total of eight registered nurses working in an acute in‐patient mental health unit in a large regional hospital, were recruited and interviewed using a semi‐structured interview technique. Thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the data resulting in the development of four overarching themes; (1) Time consuming and additional workload, (2) creating a safe environment, (3) providing and receiving feedback and (4) precepting is not a choice, it is an expectation. The results highlighted that preceptoring students was considered to be an extra workload that required significant time and effort. Preceptors also expressed concerns about student safety, emphasised the importance of feedback and acknowledged preceptorship as an expectation of registered nurses working in mental health. These findings underscore the necessity for further research to delve deeper into the experience of preceptors in mental health settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issue Addressed: Suicide is the leading cause of death for Australians aged 15–49 (Department of Health and Aged Care Suicide in Australia, https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/mental-health-and-suicide-prevention/suicide-in-australia, 2021). With the loss of one community member impacting the individual's family, friends, and wider community. The aim of the article is to showcase a process evaluation of a place‐based approach to suicide prevention, exploring the elements of mental health training and events that can be tailored to increase engagement with the men living in a rural Local Government Area in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. Methods: Participation records and promotional material for the Local Men Local Communities project was utilised to explore similarities and differences between the training and events offered. Results: Results indicated that men living in rural areas engaged best with events that included a social element such as food or an activity, highlighting that men may find it easier to talk and connect when they have something to do. Conclusion: Mental health training and events need to be tailored to meet the needs of the target population. Key details to consider include location, time, promotional material, content, and inclusion of a social element. So What?: When rural men were provided ownership of their conversations, they were more likely to have them. This challenges the stereotype that men do not talk and creates the opportunity for social connection within the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer screening programs in Australia have been developed to detect early precancerous changes in women with a cervix aged between 25 and 74. Yet, many barriers remain to the uptake of cervical screening. Barriers include a lack of culturally appropriate service provision, physical access, poor health literacy, emotional difficulties, socio-economic disadvantage and not having access to a female service provider. In remote and very remote areas of Australia, additional barriers experienced by Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander peoples include a distrust of healthcare providers and a lack of services, resulting in a much higher rate of diagnosis and death from cervical cancer. General practice nurses (GPNs) are well placed to conduct cervical screening tests (CSTs) after they have undertaken additional education and practical training. GPNs' increase in scope of practice is beneficial to general practice as it helps to remove some barriers to cervical screening. In addition, GPNs conducting CSTs reduce GP workload and burnout and increase teamwork. GPNs working in metropolitan clinics have greater access to training facilities, whereas those working in rural and remote clinics are required to travel potentially long distances to complete practical assessments. This highlights the need for training to be made available in rural and remote areas. The aim of this forum paper is therefore to generate further discussion on the need for training programs to be made available in rural and remote areas to aid the upskilling of GPNs. Low cervical cancer screening rates in regional, rural and remote areas result in a higher rate of cancer diagnosis and death. General practice nurses when upskilled are able to address barriers to cervical screening, especially in regional and rural areas. Localised training courses may assist general practice nurses to be upskilled in their region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: SLC13A5 Citrate Transporter Disorder is a rare pediatric neurodevelopmental disorder. Patients have epilepsy, developmental disability, and impaired mobility. While sleep disorders are common in children with neurodevelopmental disorders, sleep abnormalities have not been reported in SLC13A5 patients. Methods: Here, we assessed sleep disturbances in patients through caregiver reported surveys and in a transgenic mouse model of SLC13A5 deficiency. A total of 26 patients were evaluated with the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children three times over a one-year span. Sleep and wake activities were assessed in the SLC13A5 knock-out (KO) mice using wireless telemetry devices. Results: A high burden of clinically significant sleep disturbances were reported in the patients, with heterogeneous symptoms that remained stable across time. While sleep disturbances were common, less than 30% of patients were prescribed medications for sleep. Comparatively, in SLC13A5 KO mice using EEG recordings, significant alterations were found during light cycles, when rodents typically sleep. During the sleep period, SLC13A5 mice had increased activity, decreased paradoxical sleep, and changes in absolute power spectral density, indicating altered sleep architecture in the mouse model. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a significant component of sleep disturbances in SLC13A5 patients and mice, highlighting a potential gap in patient care. Further investigation of sleep dysfunction and the underlying etiologies of sleep disturbances in SLC13A5 citrate transporter disorder is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Receiving bad news about one's health can be devastating, yet little is known about how the therapeutic nature of the environment where bad news is delivered affects the experience. The current study aimed to explore how patients and their families were affected by the language and the built, natural, social, and symbolic environments when receiving bad news, through the Therapeutic Landscapes theoretical framework. Methods: Patients diagnosed with a life-limiting illness living in regional Victoria who had a hospital admission within 24 months and a diagnostic/prognostic conversation were invited to participate, as well as a family member who witnessed the conversation. Participants were recruited through social media and snowballing, resulting in 14 online semi-structured interviews being conducted between November 2021 and March 2022, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to develop the themes. Results: Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with women aged between 30 and 77 years. Interviews lasted between 45 and 120 minutes, with an average of 69 minutes, and were conducted online or via mobile phone. Four central themes were developed: "Hearing bad news for the first time," "Preferences for having hard conversations," "Creating a sense of safety for ongoing care," and "The therapeutic nature of the ward." Significance of results: This body of work will help inform practice and future policy regarding bad news delivery and the design and aesthetics of environments where bad news is delivered. It is essential that bad news is delivered within a quiet, calm, and emotionally safe environment within a supportive therapeutic relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving and expanding mental health treatment for Veterans who have experienced military sexual trauma (MST) is currently a top priority in Veterans Healthcare Administration. Many of these Veterans develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and there is increasing recognition that diversity is a core treatment consideration for Veterans who have experienced trauma. As such, more information is needed concerning the relationship between trauma-focused treatment attrition and ethnoracial identity in Veterans who have experienced MST. This article presents two studies exploring dropout from a Midwestern Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) PTSD clinic in samples of Veterans who experienced MST. These studies aim to reduce this knowledge gap by contrasting Black and White Veterans' retention in trauma-focused care. In Study 1 (n = 141), we examined ethnoracial differences in dropout in a cohort of treatment-seeking Veterans who experienced MST and engaged in cognitive processing therapy (CPT) in a VA specialty PTSD clinic. In Study 2 (n = 109), we explored the same questions related to treatment attrition in a separate cohort of treatment-seeking Veterans who experienced MST and engaged in prolonged exposure (PE) in a VA specialty PTSD clinic. Results from both studies did not indicate ethnoracial differences in attrition rate (for both total sessions and an 8-week minimally adequate care [MAC] window) across evidence-based PTSD treatment. However, it remains important to consider the impact of racial and cultural factors on retention. Future research should aim to recruit a larger racially and ethnically diverse sample to explore possible varying retention outcomes of CPT and PE for MST-related PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avian encephalomyelitis (AE) is a disease caused by the avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) of the genus Tremovirus in the family Picornaviridae. Recently, cases of turkey poults showing neurological signs were submitted to the veterinary diagnostic laboratories at South Dakota State University and the University of Minnesota. The affected birds were showing nervous neurological signs such as tremors, inability to stand, torticollis, and wing drop. Clinical signs were observed by 3 weeks of age. Necropsy of birds revealed no significant gross lesions in the internal organs, including the brain. There was no significant bacterial growth in the brains. Microscopic examination of various sections of the brain revealed multifocal lymphocplasmacytic perivascular cuffs in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex. The brain samples were processed for detection and whole genome sequencing by next-generation sequencing. Three full-length polyprotein sequences (6405 nt) of AEV were assembled. All three sequences shared 99.9–100% nucleotide and 100% amino acid identities with each other. Only 77.7–78.5% of nucleotide and 90.3–92.5% of amino acid identities with AEV field strains and vaccine sequences were available in GenBank. This indicates that a new divergent variant of AEV is circulating in the field and causing AE outbreaks in the Midwest region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is a widely studied pollutant with substantial health impacts, yet little is known about the urban‐rural differences across the United States. Trends of PM2.5 in urban and rural census tracts between 2010 and 2019 were assessed alongside sociodemographic characteristics including race/ethnicity, poverty, and age. For 2010, we identified 13,474 rural tracts and 59,065 urban tracts. In 2019, 13,462 were rural and 59,055 urban. Urban tracts had significantly higher PM2.5 concentrations than rural tracts during this period. Levels of PM2.5 were lower in rural tracts compared to urban and fell more rapidly in rural than urban. Rural tract annual means for 2010 and 2019 were 8.51 [2.24] μg/m3 and 6.41 [1.29] μg/m3, respectively. Urban tract annual means for 2010 and 2019 were 9.56 [2.04] μg/m3 and 7.51 [1.40] μg/m3, respectively. Rural and urban majority Black communities had significantly higher PM2.5 pollution levels (10.19 [1.64] μg/m3 and 9.79 [1.10] μg/m3 respectively), in 2010. In 2019, they were: 7.75 [1.1] μg/m3 and 7.09 [0.78] μg/m3, respectively. Majority Hispanic communities had higher PM2.5 levels and were the highest urban concentration among all races/ethnicities (8.01 [1.73] μg/m3), however they were not the highest rural concentration among all races/ethnicities (6.22 [1.60] μg/m3) in 2019. Associations with higher levels of PM2.5 were found with communities in the poorest quartile and with higher proportions of residents age<15 years old. These findings suggest greater protections for those disproportionately exposed to PM2.5 are needed, such as, increasing the availability of low‐cost air quality monitors. Plain Language Summary: PM2.5 is a well‐known air pollutant that impacts human health. However, little is known about how it differs between urban and rural areas in the United States (U.S). This study investigated these differences between 2010 and 2019 at a level that had not been assessed before across the United States. Rural areas generally had lower PM2.5 levels compared to urban areas and the pollution decreased faster in rural areas during this time. Both rural and urban areas with higher proportions of residents that are Black, Hispanic, and in poverty had higher PM2.5 levels. There were no consistent patterns between the age distribution of urban or rural census tracts and PM2.5 levels. Key Points: Between 2010 and 2019, PM2.5 levels were consistently lower in rural communities than in urban communities across the United StatesHigh percentage Black communities had significantly higher PM2.5 pollution levels in both rural and urban census tractsGreater protection from air pollution for socially disadvantaged communities in both rural and urban settings is warranted [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nernst coefficient measurements are a classic approach to investigate charge carrier scattering in both metals and semiconductors. However, such measurements are not commonly performed, despite the potential to inform material design strategies in applications such as thermoelectricity. As dedicated instruments are extremely scarce, we present here a room temperature apparatus to measure the low field Nernst coefficient (and magneto-Seebeck coefficient) in bulk polycrystalline samples. This apparatus is specifically designed to promote accurate and facile use, with the expectation that such an instrument will make Nernst measurements de rigueur. In this apparatus, sample loading and electrical contacts are all pressure-based and alignment is automatic. Extremely stable thermal control (10 mK of fluctuation when ΔT = 1 K) is achieved from actively cooled thermoelectric modules that operate as heaters or Peltier coolers. Magneto-Seebeck measurements are integrated into the system to correct for residual probe offsets. Data from the apparatus are provided on bulk polycrystalline samples of bismuth, InSb, and SnTe, including raw data to illustrate the process of calculating the Nernst coefficient. Finally, we review how Nernst measurements, in concert with Seebeck, Hall, and electrical resistivity, can be analyzed via the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation to self-consistently predict the Fermi level, effective mass, and energy-dependent relaxation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A passage from Ps.-Basil of Caesarea's ep. 366 contains verbatim parallels with a quotation of Valentinus given in Clement of Alexandria, Strom. 3.7.59.3. These parallels have rarely been recognized by scholars. Völker and Markschies have argued that Ps.-Basil was excerpting from Clement, but this paper argues that Ps.-Basil was independent of Clement and was likely Clement's source. Overlooked evidence includes (i) the coherence of the parallel passages in the context of ep. 366 and their relative incoherence in the context of Strom. 3.7.59.3; (ii) Valentinian theology that is found throughout ep. 366, including the notions of spiritual bodies and Charis as God's protological consort; (iii) grammatical errors in Clement that are not present in Ps.-Basil; and (iv) further textual evidence suggesting that ep. 366 has the original version of the passage. A plausible explanation of the evidence, this paper will argue, is that ep. 366 comes from the pen of Valentinus himself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Undergraduate nursing students often work part-time or even full-time while studying at university completing their bachelor's degrees. The aim of this study is to explain the meaning of the lived experiences of nursing students working as students in clinical field. Methods: A phenomenological study was conducted at the nursing and midwifery school of Tabriz, Iran. Purposefully, 20 baccalaureate nursing students with experience working as student worker nurses were recruited. The sample size was determined according to data saturation. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were held with the participants over 3 months (April 2020 to June 2020), and Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used to analyze the data. Results: Five main themes extracted from the data analysis, including "students' clinical competency", "nurse-student relationships", "shift work", "mislearning", and "chaotic wards". A further 12 sub-themes extracted under the five main themes. Conclusion: The work of nursing students in clinical environments as student worker nurses is a two-dimensional phenomenon with advantages and disadvantages. The benefits are improving the nursing students' clinical and communication skills, increasing their self-confidence, learning and practicing discipline and nursing responsibilities, and the disadvantages are facing reality shock stress, and mislearning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Military servicemembers identifying as sexual and gender minorities (SGM) are at increased risk for military sexual trauma (MST) exposure and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Although evidence-based treatments can reduce symptoms of PTSD, treatment attrition is concerning. Unfortunately, evaluations of such approaches with veterans identifying as SGM are currently restricted to case studies offering limited information regarding treatment completion. Both historic and current contextual factors related to military and mental health practices may uniquely influence minority veterans' treatment engagement in veteran healthcare settings. We explored associations between SGM identification and treatment of MST-focused therapy completion patterns (finishing the full protocol [FP] or receiving minimally adequate care [MAC; defined as attending eight or more sessions]). Veterans (N = 271, 12.5% SGM) enrolled in individual Prolonged Exposure or Cognitive Processing Therapies at a Midwestern veterans hospital system. Those identifying as SGM were more likely than non-identifying peers to complete FP treatment and, even when attrition occurred, they were retained longer. For MAC, the SGM group was as likely as non-SGM peers to be retained. This research suggests SGM veterans represent a notable minority of those seeking treatment in association with MST and do not appear at greater risk for discontinuation from trauma-focused treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]