Search

Abstract The in-plane-magnetic-field-induced Hall effect (IPHE) observed in Weyl semimetals and PT-symmetric antiferromagnets has attracted increasing attention, as it breaks the stereotype that the Hall effect is induced by an out-of-plane magnetic field or magnetization. To date, the IPHE has been discussed mainly for materials with low-symmetry crystal/magnetic point groups. Here, we show that even if symmetry forbids an inherent IPHE that arises from any mechanism, an apparent IPHE can be generated by selecting a low-symmetry crystalline plane for measurement. For rutile RuO2, although its high symmetry forbids an inherent IPHE, films grown along the low-symmetry (1 1 1) and (1 0 1) orientations are found to exhibit a distinct IPHE. The in-plane Hall coefficients are quantitatively reproduced by referring to the out-of-plane Hall coefficients measured for the high-symmetry (1 0 0) and (0 0 1) planes, indicating that the observed IPHE is caused by a superposition of inequivalent out-of-plane Hall effects. Similar behaviour is also observed for paramagnetic rutile systems, indicating the ubiquity of the apparent IPHE in electronic and spintronic devices with low-symmetry crystalline planes.

Background: Light at night (LAN) has become a global concern. However, little is known about the effects of bedroom LAN exposure on glucose metabolism markers. We aimed to explore the association between intensity and duration of bedroom LAN exposure with glucose metabolism markers, and the role of circadian-dependent meal timing in these associations. Methods: Real-ambient bedroom LAN exposure was measured using a portable illuminance meter for two consecutive days. Seven consecutive days of sleep time and 24-h dietary records were assessed by wrist-worn accelerometer and mobile phone photos, respectively. Circadian-dependent meal timing, including the timing of meal relative to clock time and sleep time, was calculated from 24-h dietary records and sleep data. Results: The mean age of participants was 18.7 years, and 32.8 % were male. Per SD lx increase of bedroom LANavg was associated with 1.75 μU/mL-increase in INS (95 %CI: 0.10, 2.50), 0.61 unit-increase in HOMA-IR (95 %CI: 0.43, 0.79), and 0.09 unit-increase in TyG (95 %CI: 0.04, 0.15); per SD min increase of bedroom LAN3 was associated with 1.61 μU/mL-increase in INS (95 %CI: 0.84, 2.37), 0.48 unit-increase in HOMA-IR (95 %CI: 0.29, 0.67), and 0.07 unit-increase in TyG (95 %CI: 0.01, 0.13). Nevertheless, these associations were found to be significant in later circadian-dependent meal timing group while weaker or not significant in earlier circadian-dependent meal timing group (time of first meal ≤ 9:00, time of last meal ≤ 19:00, first meal - sleep end ≤ 2 h, and sleep onset - last meal ≥ 5 h). Conclusions: Overall, bedroom LAN exposure was associated with impaired glucose metabolism markers among young adults. Importantly, circadian-dependent meal timing may have potentially moderate effects on these associations. Keeping bedroom darkness at night and adhering to early eating pattern may be important public health strategies to reduce the risk of glucose metabolism disorders.