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Multiquanta emission holds significant value for quantum computing and quantum information processing. In this study, we aim to enhance multiphoton bundle emission by introducing two-photon decay into cavity quantum electrodynamics systems. By implementing parity protection induced by two-photon decay in the quantum jump process, we achieve complete suppression of odd photon emissions, resulting in high-purity, high-efficiency 2n-photon bundle emission characterized by photon bunching and bundle antibunching. Our results indicate that this scheme can effectively produce 2n-photon sources. Unlike previous methods that enhanced 2n-photon bundle purity via parity protection during unitary processes which required ultrastrong cavity-atom coupling, this study is the first to focus on parity protection during nonunitary processes to improve emission purity. This innovative approach not only relaxes the ultrastrong coupling condition compared to earlier schemes, but it also opens new research directions for enhancing N-photon bundle emission. Furthermore, this work has the potential to advance the fields of multiphoton physics and parity theory.

Objective: To investigate the value of intraoperative assessment of spread through air spaces (STAS) on frozen sections (FS) in peripheral small-sized lung adenocarcinoma. Background: Surgical decision-making based on FS diagnosis of STAS may be useful to prevent local control failure after sublobar resection. Methods: We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study of consecutive patients with cT1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma to evaluate the accuracy of FS for the intraoperative detection of STAS. The final pathology (FP) diagnosis of STAS was based on corresponding permanent paraffin sections. Results: This study included 878 patients with cT1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma. A total of 833 cases (95%) were assessable for STAS on FS. In total, 26.4% of the cases evaluated positive for STAS on FP, whereas 18.2% on FS. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of FS diagnosis of STAS were 85.1%, 56.4%, and 95.4%, respectively, with moderate agreement (κ=0.575). Interobserver agreement was substantial (κ=0.756) among the 3 pathologists. Subgroup analysis based on tumor size or consolidation-to-tumor ratio all showed moderate agreement for concordance. After rigorous reassessment of false-positive cases, the presence of artifacts may be the main cause of interpretation errors. In addition, true positive cases showed more high-grade histologic patterns and more advanced p-TNM stages than false negative cases. Conclusions: This is the largest prospective observational study to evaluate STAS on FS in patients with cT1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma. FS is highly specific with moderate agreement, but is not sensitive for STAS detection. While appropriately reporting STAS on FS may provide surgeons with valuable information for intraoperative decision-making, better approaches are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a Learning-based Load Frequency Control (LB-LFC) approach to manage the challenges posed by renewable energy's intermittency in microgrids, which often causes load disturbances, frequency fluctuations, and higher generation costs. The LB-LFC method employs reinforcement learning to balance generation costs and frequency stability effectively. In addition, a novel sort replay actor critic technique is proposed, leveraging the deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm and sort experience replay to enhance control efficiency and robustness. This dual-objective control strategy not only improves frequency management but also aims to reduce generation expenses. The effectiveness of this approach is validated through simulations on the isolated microgrid load frequency control model of China Southern Grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy has been reported to be associated with substantial trauma and pain. This study compared the impact of ultrasound-(US)-guided, bilateral, double-injection intertransverse process block (ITPB) on postoperative analgesia with subcostal transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) in patients who were undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy. Methods: Sixty-two patients who were undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy surgery under general anesthesia were included. These patients were randomized to either the ITPB group or the TAPB group. Patients in the ITPB group received a double-shot US-guided bilateral ITPB at the thoracic level T6/7 and T9/10 level using ropivacaine (0.3%, 15 mL). Patients in the TAPB group received bilateral subcostal TAPB one injection per side using ropivacaine (0.3%, 30 mL). All patients used a BIS-guided combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia. The primary outcome was defined as postoperative morphine-equivalent consumption during the first 24 h. Results: The study recruited 62 patients (31 in each group) for the analysis. A comparatively less postoperative opioid consumption was observed in the ITPB group compared with the subcostal TAPB group within the first 24 h postoperatively (mean [standard deviation-(SD)] morphine-equivalent dose): 27.8 (5.7) mg vs 31.2 (4.4) mg, P < 0.001. The ITPB group showed lower intraoperative opioid use, and statistical significantly lower scores at rest and coughing at 6, 24 h postoperatively. The time to first requiring rescue analgesia was longer in the ITPB group than the subcostal TAPB group (median [IQR]): 8.0 [8.0] vs 6.0 [6.0] h, P = 0.009. The patients in the ITPB group exhibited earlier independent movement, lower incidence of postoperative complications and higher levels of satisfaction (P = 0.021). Conclusion: This study showed that the double-shot bilateral ITPB could reduce opioids consumption and achieve longer and better pain relief. Additionally, it promoted early postoperative activity and improved patient satisfaction. Trial registration: ChiCTR2300072986. Registered 29 June 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for solid tumors and hematologic malignancy. However, its therapeutic outcomes have remained unsatisfactory due to severe side effects, a short elimination half-life, the emergence of drug resistance, and the induction of metastasis. Combination with other chemotherapeutic agents has been proposed as one strategy to address the drawbacks of CDDP-based therapy. Therefore, this study aimed to boost the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin (CDDP) with a PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, dactolisib (BEZ), via a carrier-free codelivery system based on the self-assembly of the coordinated CDDP-BEZ. The synthesized CDDP-BEZ nanoparticles (NPs) possess sensitive pH-responsiveness, facilitating the delivery of both drugs to cancer cells. CDDP-BEZ NPs specifically enhanced cytotoxicity in cancer cells due to the synergy between cisplatin and dactolisib, resulting in augmented DNA damage, activation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, and increased inhibition on the PI3K/mTOR signaling axis. The inhibition of tumor migration and metastasis by CDDP-BEZ NPs was observed both in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that CDDP-BEZ NPs could serve as a safe and effective platform to maximize the synergy between both drugs in combating cancer, presenting a strategy to promote the therapeutic efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents by combining them with PI3K inhibitors.

Based on the panel data of the regional GDP balance of pollutant and carbon dioxide emissions in 21 cities of Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2020, the dynamic equilibrium relationship between pollution reduction and carbon reduction and the economy was investigated using a PVAR model. The results were as follows： ① A self-growth mechanism of inertia effect exists in the Guangdong economy compared with pollution reduction and carbon reduction. ② The causal relationship between the economy and pollution control was mainly reflected in the inhibition effect of pollution discharge on the economy. The response of water pollutant discharge to economic shock changed from positive to negative, and the response curve of air pollutants to economic shock was V-shaped. The economy had a promoting effect on pollutants. ③ No two-way causal relationship exists between carbon emissions and economy, and the positive weakening impact of the economy on carbon emissions lagged behind, which accords with the Kuznets curve hypothesis. ④ A complex and subtle relationship exists between the economy and the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction. The economy had a positive promoting effect on the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, while the backwardness of the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction inhibited the economy to a certain extent. To achieve the "win-win" situation of high economy and ecological protection in Guangdong Province, we must give full play to the "double dividend" effect of the economy driving the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, promote the optimization of industrial structure, increase investment in scientific and technological innovation, consolidate the foundation of emission reduction and carbon reduction, and thoroughly implement the strategic deployment of carbon emission peaking.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is integral to cancer progression, impacting metastasis and treatment response. It consists of diverse cell types, extracellular matrix components, and signaling molecules that interact to promote tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. Elucidating the intricate interactions between cancer cells and the TME is crucial in understanding cancer progression and therapeutic challenges. A critical process induced by TME signaling is the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), wherein epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal traits, which enhance their motility and invasiveness and promote metastasis and cancer progression. By targeting various components of the TME, novel investigational strategies aim to disrupt the TME's contribution to the EMT, thereby improving treatment efficacy, addressing therapeutic resistance, and offering a nuanced approach to cancer therapy. This review scrutinizes the key players in the TME and the TME's contribution to the EMT, emphasizing avenues to therapeutically disrupt the interactions between the various TME components. Moreover, the article discusses the TME's implications for resistance mechanisms and highlights the current therapeutic strategies toward TME modulation along with potential caveats., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not Applicable. Consent for publication: We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all the authors. All figures are original and were drawn using BioRender by the authors for this review. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work in this paper. M.H.A. is founder, shareholder and scientific advisor of IO Biotech ApS. LMC is a consultant for Evergreen Theragnostics. S.K. has consulted for Telix Pharmaceuticals Ltd., acknowledges support for investigator services from RayzeBio and holds the following patent: PCT/US2021/039418 (THOR cell (tumor homing radio-emitting cell)., (© 2025. The Author(s).)