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El potencial humano es el capital más valioso en las micro y pequeñas empresas, con sus actividades desarrolladas de manera efectiva permiten el cumplimiento de las metas propuestas, para lograr estos resultados es necesario desarrollar estrategias que permitan motivarlos, para lograrlo se cuenta con el Endomarketing. La investigación está enfocada en conocer cómo la aplicación de las estrategias de endomarketing generan la motivación de los colaboradores de las micro y pequeñas empresas, en el distrito de Barranca-Perú. El enfoque aplicado fue cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo – correlacional, se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario, la muestra estuvo conformada por 120 colaboradores de las micro y pequeñas empresas. Los resultados muestran que la aplicación del Endomarketing y la motivación es de nivel medio; asimismo, se evidencia que el desarrollo de personal y la adecuación en el trabajo, son estrategias importantes para generar que los trabajadores desarrollen su trabajo de manera intensa, y con persistencia. En conclusión, los dueños de las micro y pequeñas empresas, deben prestar atención a estas estrategias para fortalecerlas y replantear aquellas de retención de personal y comunicación interna, para fomentar la identificación con la empresa y el adecuado desempeño de los trabajadores.

Killer whales occur in the Gulf of Mexico (GoMex) and the North Atlantic, including off the southeastern United States (SEUS). Data from cetacean surveys during 1990 – 2021 and other sources were combined to assess killer whale biology, including spatial and temporal distribution, social structure, genetics, morphology, acoustics, and predatory behavior. GoMex records occurred predominantly in oceanic waters (>200 m) during spring and summer. SEUS records occurred primarily in winter and spring off the North Carolina region along the shelf-edge and deeper waters, and off the east coast of Florida. Photo-identification analysis of GoMex killer whales resulted in 49 individuals sighted up to seven times with sighting histories up to 26 years, and social analysis provided evidence of long-term relationships up to 16 years. The GoMex genetic samples revealed two mtDNA haplotypes, one of which does not match any outside the GoMex. Most GoMex whales had wide non-faint saddle patches and many had cookiecutter shark scars while no scars were noted on SEUS whales. Three groups recorded in the GoMex made few calls, but a group harassing sperm whales produced many. Cetaceans and tuna are known prey in the GoMex and SEUS, respectively. Directed studies of killer whales in the GoMex areas would be difficult to implement as this species is very rare. It is therefore important to pursue ongoing efforts to collect behavioral, acoustic and any biological samples that will contribute to improve our understanding of the biology and ecology of killer whales in tropical and subtropical regions.

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar algunas reflexiones teóricas y prácticas sobre las condiciones en el trabajo de aula con estudiantes de quinto grado, que posibilitan formas no alienantes de interacción social. El estudio es cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo e interpretativo, y se desarrolla inspirado en la Teoría de la Objetivación, asumiendo una perspectiva multimodal de la cognición humana. Se trabaja con un grupo de 32 estudiantes de quinto de primaria (10-11 años), al analizar su actividad matemática de clase cuando resuelven dos tareas de proporcionalidad directa. El análisis de datos, a partir de tres episodios de clase, se fundamenta en la noción vygotskiana de método, la cual se considera como una práctica reflexiva y crítica. Los resultados sugieren que las condiciones en el trabajo de aula que posibilitan formas no alienantes de interacción social comprometen el posicionamiento de un sujeto histórico-cultural, en un tipo de actividad con un fuerte sentido social de los estudiantes, alrededor de un objeto común de aprendizaje (encuentro colectivo de un saber cultural sobre las razones, las proporciones y la proporcionalidad).

SYNGAP1 haploinsufficiency results in a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) causing generalized epilepsies accompanied by a spectrum of neurodevelopmental symptoms. Concerning interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in electroencephalograms (EEG), potential biomarkers have been postulated, including changes in background activity, fixation-off sensitivity (FOS) or eye closure sensitivity (ECS). In this study we clinically evaluate a new cohort of 36 SYNGAP1-DEE individuals. Standardized questionnaires were employed to collect clinical, electroencephalographic and genetic data. We investigated electroencephalographic findings, focusing on the cortical distribution of interictal abnormalities and their changes with age. Among the 36 SYNGAP1-DEE cases 18 presented variants in the SYNGAP1 gene that had never been previously reported. The mean age of diagnosis was 8 years and 8 months, ranging from 2 to 17 years, with 55.9% being male. All subjects had global neurodevelopmental/language delay and behavioral abnormalities; 83.3% had moderate to profound intellectual disability (ID), 91.7% displayed autistic traits, 73% experienced sleep disorders and 86.1% suffered from epileptic seizures, mainly eyelid myoclonia with absences (55.3%). A total of 63 VEEGs were revised, observing a worsening of certain EEG findings with increasing age. A disorganized background was observed in all age ranges, yet this was more common among older cases. The main IEDs were bilateral synchronous and asynchronous posterior discharges, accounting for ≥50% in all age ranges. Generalized alterations with maximum amplitude in the anterior region showed as the second most frequent IED (≥15% in all age ranges) and were also more common with increasing age. Finally, diffuse fast activity was much more prevalent in cases with 6 years or older. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze EEG features across different age groups, revealing an increase in interictal abnormalities over infancy and adolescence. Our findings suggest that SYNGAP1 haploinsufficiency has complex effects in human brain development, some of which might unravel at different developmental stages. Furthermore, they highlight the potential of baseline EEG to identify candidate biomarkers and the importance of natural history studies to develop specialized therapies and clinical trials.

Deviation of the nail plate in the transverse plane has traditionally been regarded as a postoperative complication following the definitive surgical treatment of ingrown toenails, particularly when only a single nail fold is addressed. The quantification and longitudinal comparison of the operated versus non-operated nail folds could elucidate potential transverse deviations of the nail plate. The objective of this study was to assess the presence or absence of transverse nail plate deviation following ingrown toenail surgery on a single nail fold. Methods: A cohort of 11 patients (three males, eight females) with recurrent ingrown toenails undergoing unilateral partial matricectomy were included in this study. Preoperative measurements were compared to those taken at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days postoperatively. Results: The analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in measurements between the operated and non-operated nail folds, nor were there significant changes in the measurements over time within each group (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Despite the absence of visible deviations in the orientation of the nail plate, the angular measurements post-surgery at 35 days showed no statistically significant alterations. The angular values observed across all time points appeared to be influenced by the intrinsic morphological characteristics of each nail plate.

The synergistic effect of antineoplastic drug co-encapsulation systems has made them highly regarded due to their improved pharmacological efficacy. Biopolymer-coated liposomes were evaluated for paclitaxel and doxorubicin co-encapsulation in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. These nanosystems are characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and UV–VIS spectroscopy. The conventional and hybrid liposomal systems presented sizes of 150 to 230 nm and %EE greater than 80% for the encapsulated active ingredients. These drug-laden liposomal systems significantly decreased cell viability in both breast cancer cell lines compared with liposome-free drugs. The delivery of antineoplastic drugs in breast cancer therapy could potentially benefit from new hybrids for drug co-encapsulation.

Los modelos de socialización de la niñez narrados en cuentos costarricenses del siglo XX posibilitan mostrar patrones culturales de socialización y su historicidad. La reflexión se orienta hacia la interrogante sobre cómo representa la narrativa costarricense nociones de niñez y modelos de socialización de la niñez en cuentos costarricenses de las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Con base en el análisis desde la Hermenéutica Profunda, se identificaron patrones de socialización, sobre todo de la niñez femenina, como recurso para intensificar el dramatismo de procesos sociales en boga durante la época que cubren. Los hallazgos se contrastan con premisas teóricas derivadas de estudios que tratan la historicidad de la niñez y los procesos socioculturales subyacentes. Los resultados develan una niñez ajena a procesos protagónicos en sus entornos de interacción sujeta a un control vertical ejercido por figuras de autoridad. Se tienden a sobrevalorar características deseables como la sumisión y la obediencia infantil y sobresale la carencia de la caracterización de un lugar social de la niñez con identidad propia. La noción de niñez es una metonimia que representa la calamidad y la decadencia, sin un auténtico cuestionamiento de su lugar sociofamiliar.