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Microtubules are highly polar structures and are characterized by high anisotropy and stiffness. In neurons, they play a key role in the directional transport of vesicles and organelles. In the neuronal projections called axons, they form parallel bundles, mostly oriented with the plus-end towards the axonal termination. Their physico-chemical properties have recently attracted attention as a potential candidate in sensing, processing and transducing physical signals generated by mechanical forces. Here, we discuss the main evidence supporting the role of microtubules as a signal hub for axon growth in response to a traction force. Applying a tension to the axon appears to stabilize the microtubules, which, in turn, coordinate a modulation of axonal transport, local translation and their cross-talk. We speculate on the possible mechanisms modulating microtubule dynamics under tension, based on evidence collected in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. However, the fundamental question of the causal relationship between these mechanisms is still elusive because the mechano-sensitive element in this chain has not yet been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial published in the journal Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. It discusses the role of mechanical forces in axonal mechanics and nerve regeneration. The editorial highlights the importance of understanding the biophysical environment and axonal mechanics in promoting axon regeneration post-injury. It presents several studies that explore the effects of mechanical forces on axonal growth and repair, including the role of microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton. The editorial suggests that the future of nerve repair lies in the integration of chemical signaling and biophysical stimuli. [Extracted from the article]