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The resistive switching behavior is observed in the Cu/MoS2/Cu/ITO structures, which has been deposited by magnetron sputtering. With the increase in MoS2 thickness, the resistive switching behavior is gradually weakened. The optimal device with a MoS2 thickness of 120 nm has a lower Set voltage and Reset voltage, where Set voltage is 0.14–0.3 V and Reset voltage is −0.24 V to −0.08 V. The device also has a resistive switching ratio of up to 105 high resistance state/low resistance state, a data retention time over 104 s, and can endure more than 103 cycles. As the limiting current increases, the resistance switching (RS) characteristics of devices with MoS2 thickness of 200 nm at both positive and negative biases are improved. There is no RS behavior in ITO/MoS2/ITO devices fabricated by the same method, which indicates that sulfur vacancies have little effect on the RS characteristics of Cu/MoS2/Cu/ITO devices. Moreover, since the migration barrier and diffusion activation energy of Cu in MoS2 are lower than those of sulfur vacancy, combined with the data fitting structure, it is shown that the RS behavior is formed because Cu ions control the connectivity and fracture of conductive filaments through the diffusion and migration of MoS2 layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every modern socially active person in Ukraine uses mobile devices and has access to the Internet, state institutions have switched to electronic document management, the stable operation of the banking sector, railways, air transport and large companies depends on the stability of the cyberspace in which they work and rely on communication using electronic means. In the conditions of martial law, the activities of state authorities and local self-government bodies are reduced to assisting the governing bodies created in individual regions in the direct performance of national defense tasks. In the system of state authorities operating under martial law, internal affairs bodies occupy a special place due to the nature of the tasks they perform under these operational conditions. Effectiveness of internal affairs bodies is vital for the direct provision of internal security. It is for this purpose that it is necessary to clearly define the competence of internal affairs bodies. After all, only the presence of certain powers ensures compliance with legality in the performance of functions by services and divisions of internal affairs bodies. Of course, for the successful implementation of the tasks assigned to the Ministry of Internal Affairs under martial law, the duties and rights of the Ministry of Internal Affairs must correspond to the basic principle that new duties correspond to new rights. It is very important to include in the system of coercive measures the expansion of the powers of internal affairs bodies during the introduction of martial law. Internal security officers cannot go beyond the permitted methods and means of carrying out security operations. In our opinion, the scope of powers of the employee of internal affairs bodies in such cases should be expanded. The complexity of the powers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is reflected in the internal management of various instit utions. The legislation of Ukraine on criminal responsibility, which was developed for the needs of peacetime, turned out to be insufficiently effective in the field of combating crime in the situation of armed aggression of the Russian Federation. Such a situation necessitated the urgent adaptation of the legislation of Ukraine to the conditions of martial law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the legal support for electronic document management in Ukraine. It is determined that the introduction of innovative transformations in Ukraine in the context of information technology development involves the use of modern forms and methods of work based on electronic information exchange. Numerous forms and methods that have been used for decades in the field of information and communication relations for information processing have proven to be unjustified and ineffective in the new social and information and innovative realities. Electronic document management has replaced paper document management. The study found that the electronic document management system in Ukraine is undergoing a long path of development and formation. The introduction of electronic document management contributes to the digital modernization of Ukraine. The availability of reformed legislation is important for carrying out qualitative changes, which generates legal certainty of the status of subjects of the process of significant transformations. The electronic form of documents provides the necessary level of information security for participants in legal relations, since the exchange of documents occurs in encrypted form using a qualified electronic signature. It has been established that there is a saving of human and material resources that were previously used for printing, sending and storing documents. Remote advantages provide mobility and convenience of document transfer via electronic document management platforms or e-mail. The implementation of this document management system allows creating electronic archives for more efficient document storage. It has been established that the main effect of introducing electronic document management is resource-based. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the risks of introducing electronic document management by both state and local government bodies a nd business entities. The state of electronic document management in Ukraine in the field of public administration has been analyzed and ways of its further development have been identified. It has been established that the legal support for electronic document management requires further development, updating, balance, harmonization with international legal norms and standards. Implementation of high-quality legal, institutional, organizational, and managerial transformations in the sphere of public administration in the context of European integration requirements based on the recognition of a person as the highest social value is an urgent vital necessity, which will contribute to the development of Ukraine as a competitive state with a strong economy and advanced technologi es. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of electronic health (e-health) systems in the last decades led to the emergence of effective infrastructures for managing health records. Due to the vitality and massive amount of healthcare records, blockchain is considered one of the most important infrastructures to store and exchange health records. Access to patient's medical histories and health record management are essential to healthcare systems. Patients' records must be exchanged among various parts of the healthcare system and users should have access to manage their profiles and use online facilities in a secure manner. In this paper, for the first time, the non-fungible token (NFT), which is a nascent technology, is used to certify the information immutability of healthcare records in the blockchain infrastructure. The ownership of property and prevention of information disclosure is guaranteed using the encryption strategy is used in the proposed NFT technology. Furthermore, the proposed model satisfies all security criteria such as data integrity, non-repudiation, anonymity, confidentially and privacy. As a result, the proposed model outperforms the related research in the healthcare domain. The proposed model brings many facilities for both patients and physicians such as secure accessibility, data quality, patient consent, efficient record management and better availability and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The rapid development of 3D printing has achieved considerable progress in architecture innovation, optical advancements, energy systems, dental care, pharmaceutical delivery, and personalized medical treatments. Nevertheless, the current technology of 3D printing is still limited to a single function. In recent years, the combination of photoresponsive materials and additive manufacturing has become a booming area for achieving intelligent photoresponsive 3D structures and stimulus‐responsive devices. By incorporating photoresponsive materials, 3D‐printed structures can change their shapes or colors under external stimuli. It is expected that the connection of photoresponsive materials and smart 3D printing will contribute to the development of adaptive camouflage, data retention, and molecular robotics. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current development of photoresponsive materials used in 3D printing, with an emphasis on photochromic materials, photodeformable materials, and photothermal materials. Additionally, the differences in the applications of these materials in 3D printing are compared. Finally, the current challenges and perspectives in the development of photoresponsive materials for additive manufacturing are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to evaluate the performance of logistic distribution centers (LDCs) by Quality Function Deployment (QFD) based on the Best-Worst Method (BWM). The originalities of this paper include: (1) exploring five constructs with 20 customer requirement attributes (CRAs) for LDCs' operations based on the SERQUAL model, (2) using the QFD model to identify five primary divisions and 18 corresponding service technical requirements (STRs) for LDCs' operations, (3) recognizing the top five STRs should be prioritized for the allocation of limited resources from House of Quality (HoQ), including cargo order (7.15%), value-added activities (6.68%), document preparation (6.31%), consolidating and assembling (6.10%), and document management (6.00%), (4) applying the Best-Worst Method (BWM) to estimate CRAs' relative weight. The proposed research model can provide a methodological reference to the relevant literature in association with logistics operations and multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained attention in the field of electronics owing to their capability to tune their electrical characteristics. However, conventional methods for synthesizing MOFs pose challenges for their integration into electronic devices because of their long synthesis times and complex transfer steps. In this study, for the first time, lasing‐assisted synthesis (LAS) is used to rapidly and directly synthesize MOFs. These are applied to resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices. Using the LAS method, Cu(BDC) and Cu(BTC) are synthesized in a remarkably short time (≈5 min) and formed directly on metal substrates as thin films. This simplified their integration into RRAMs. The Cu(BDC)‐ and Cu(BTC)‐based RRAMs are evaluated for their potential in memory and neuromorphic applications. Both devices demonstrated nonvolatile memory capabilities with a remarkable data retention time of 104 s and long‐term plasticity (LTP) in response to voltage stimuli. However, the suitability of each device for a specific application varies depending on the type of MOFs used. The Cu(BTC)‐based RRAM is more suitable for memory applications because of its higher on/off ratio, longer endurance, and more data storage capacity. Conversely, Cu(BDC)‐based RRAM is highly effective in neural network simulation, achieving higher classification accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archival institutions worldwide face the challenge of collection deterioration through the handling and use of archives, inadequate or lack of records management standards and noncompliance with archival legislations. This study aimed at assessing the handling practices and use of archival collections in Botswana. The study adopted the pragmatist paradigm and consequently used questionnaires, interviews, and observations to collect data. The study sample consisted of sixteen (16) Botswana National Archives and Records Services (BNARS) staff purposively selected for interview and 297 BNARS users randomly selected to complete the questionnaire. The findings revealed that, although the staff of the surveyed institution demonstrated reasonable commitment to collection care or preservation of archives, and BNARS does not consistently respond to proper collection care and compliance programme. Furthermore, the study revealed that inappropriate handling and use of archives practices, lack of training in preservation, inadequate supervision of the study area, and failure to enforce compliance to archives legislations contribute to archives collection deterioration. The study recommended that the development of guidelines on good handling practices, preservation policy, handling manual, compliance programme, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the productivity of a subject field like the library and information science, a bibliometric analysis was carried out, using the African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science (AJLAIS.) as a source journal, with a view to determining the characteristics and trends of the journal. Publications produced between 1991 and 2024 in the journal were analysed in terms of quantity of articles, degree of collaboration, statuses, institutional affiliations and geographical locations, subject coverage and degree of collaboration among authors. A publication count of all the papers produced during the period was made and an analysis was carried out. The study shows that during the period, 557 publications were produced and they consist of 526 scholarly publications and 31 book reviews. Eight hundred and fifty-four authors produced the 526 scholarly publications in the source journal. Most of the authors were of the professorial status (21.9%). The study revealed that the degree of collaboration among authors in the library and information science field was 0.61. Authors from the University of Botswana and the University of Ibadan were the highest contributors of papers in AJLAIS. The geographical locations of most of the authors were in Nigeria (42%) and South Africa (21.3%). Authors of papers came from 29 countries including 12 countries outside Africa. The major subject areas covered in the journal were information and communications technologies, archives and records management, bibliometrics, publishing, etc. Some subject gaps identified in the journal were artificial intelligence, infopreneurship and Resource Description and Access (RDA). The recommendations of the study included the provision of generous research grants to academic institutions in order to promote research in the different academic institutions. The need to promote collaboration among authors and finally, the importance of carrying out research investigations in the subject gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible electronics which are easy to manufacture and integrate into everyday items require suitable memory technology that can function on flexible surfaces. Herein, the properties of Ge‐rich GeSbTe (GST) and Se‐substituted GeSbSeTe (GSST) phase‐change alloys are investigated for application as nonvolatile write‐once and rewritable memories in flexible electronics. These materials have a higher crystallization temperature than the archetypal composition of Ge2Sb2Te5 and hence better data retention properties. Moreover, their high crystallization temperature provides for a particularly straightforward implementation of a write‐once memory configuration. Material properties of Ge‐rich GST and GSST are measured as a function of temperature using four‐point probe electrical testing, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Following this, the switching of flexible memory devices is investigated through both simulation and experiment. More specifically, crossbar memory devices fabricated using Ge‐rich GST are experimentally fabricated and tested, while the operation of GSST pore cell structures suitable for flexible memory applications is demonstrated through simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ge‐rich Ge–Sb–Te (GGST) alloys are the most promising materials for phase‐change memory in embedded applications, being able to fulfill the tough data retention requirements of automotive and consumer markets. GGST alloys are sensitive to thermal budgets and spatial confinement; thus, memory device process integration and architecture can strongly impact their final electrical properties and reliability. Herein, exploiting a statistical methodology capable to extract quantitative metrics for evaluating by‐process segregation, the inhomogeneity of out‐of‐fab GGST material in function of process parameters is studied such as architecture and alloy composition. The present results with the already known source of segregation, namely the back‐end‐of‐line thermal budget, are compared providing a comprehensive description of the main modulating factors of segregation among these different process parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the current proliferation of training opportunities available in digital preservation, this study asks: what are the most in demand digital preservation instruction topics? To answer this question, we did a qualitative content analysis of 168 Professional Development Support applications received by the Digital Preservation Outreach and Education Network (DPOE-N) between September 2020 and December 2023. The study finds that the management of digital records and metadata/cataloging standards were the most requested training topics, and that general and broadly applicable skills tend to be the most sought after. This indicates that there is a continuing need to provide education focusing on the core elements of digital preservation and knowledge, and that we have not moved on yet to a place where cultural heritage professionals are solely seeking skills in more advanced or specialized digital preservation topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of this study is conditioned by the significant importance of the organisation of electronic document management in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the broad prospects that open up during the digitalisation of state archives. The purpose of the study is to investigate the key aspects of the digitalisation of archives in Kazakhstan at the current stage of the country's economic development. The basis of its methodological approach was a theoretical investigation of the processes of digitalisation of archival information under the conditions of practical application of the electronic document management system in the Republic of Kazakhstan, with the results obtained indicating the major significance of the digital transformation of archives in the context of the programmes Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 827 "About Approval of the State Program "Digital Kazakhstan" (2017) and "Information Kazakhstan-2020": State Program (2021) adopted at the state level. The sequential transfer of archival information to digital media for storage offers numerous advantages over traditional paper media, with the state level in Kazakhstan regulating the digital transformation of archives and the adoption and use of a unified electronic document management system by enacting a number of laws that regulate a wide range of related issues. The introduction of an electronic document management system has also established numerous advantages, largely determining the significant prospects for the development of this system of interaction between organisations (state, public, legal entities, and individuals). The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of their application in the organisation of the activities of enterprises and organisations of the Republic of Kazakhstan that implement measures to digitalise archival data within the unified electronic document management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the framework of the CUNE-IIIF-ORM project the aim is to train an Artificial Intelligence Optical Character Recognition (AI-OCR) model that can automatically locate and identify cuneiform signs on photorealistic representations of Old Babylonian texts (c. 2000–1600 B.C.E.). In order to train the model, c. 200 documentary clay tablets have been selected. They are manually annotated by specialist cuneiformists on a set of 12 still raster images generated from interactive Multi-Light Reflectance images. This image set includes visualisations with varying light angles and simplifications based on the dept information on the impressed signs in the surface. In the Cuneur Cuneiform Annotator, a Gitlab-based web application, the identified cuneiform signs are annotated with polygons and enriched with metadata. This methodology builds a qualitative annotated training corpus of approximately 20,000 cropped signs (i.e. 240,000 visualizations), all with their unicode codepoint and conventional sign name. It will act as a multi-layerd core dataset for the further development and fine-tuning of a machine learning OCR training model for the Old Babylonian cuneiform script. This paper discusses how the physical nature of handwritten inscribed Old Babylonian documentary clay tablets challenges the annotation and metadating task, and how these have been addressed within the CUNE-IIIF-ORM project to achieve an effective training corpus to support the training of a machine learning OCR model. Applied computing → Document management and text processing → Document capture → Optical character recognition; Applied computing → Arts and humanities → Language translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction sector's pivotal role in the global economy faces challenges due to its dynamic nature. Inaccurate documentation impacts project cost management, underscoring the need for effective document management systems (DMS), including electronic document management systems (EDMS). This study conducts a systematic literature review to comprehensively examine EDMS implementation, utilization, and effectiveness across sectors. Analyzing peer-reviewed articles and scholarly sources reveals key themes, trends, and findings, providing insights into successful EDMS adoption and best practices. The review contributes evidence-based insights for practitioners, researchers, and policymakers, addressing gaps in knowledge and advancing understanding of EDMS in modern information management. Additionally, it presents a detailed breakdown of publication distribution across sectors, highlighting significant research areas like companies and businesses, education, and information technology and software. Furthermore, analysis of factors influencing employee behavior, including technical factors, employee's personal characteristics, organizational factors, and trust, offers valuable insights into workplace dynamics. Overall, the study offers comprehensive insights into EDMS implementation, guiding future research, and organizational strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study seeks to understand and address barriers to practitioners' optimal assessment and management of people with delirium in hospices. Methods: Retrospective clinical record review to identify areas of low concordance with guideline-adherent delirium care; Survey of healthcare practitioners to identify barriers and facilitators to optimal care; Qualitative interviews with health care practitioners to explore and develop strategies to address barriers or optimise facilitators; Meeting with senior clinical staff to refine identified strategies. Results: Eighty clinical records were reviewed. Elements of poor guideline concordance were identified. Delirium screening on admission was conducted for 61% of admissions. Non-pharmacological management was documented for 59% of those we identified as having delirium from the clinical records. Survey and interview data identified key barriers to delirium assessment as competing priorities, poor knowledge and skills and lack of environmental resources (staff and guidelines, environment). Consultation with staff resulted in strategies to address barriers and enhance facilitators including champions, educational meetings, audit and feedback, and environmental changes (including careful consideration of the staff skills mix on shift and tools to support non-pharmacological management). Conclusions: We conducted a theoretically underpinned, internationally relevant study in a hospice in England, UK. Implementation of strategies should result in greater guideline-adherent delirium care. Further work should test this in practice and include both process and clinical outcomes (e.g., reduction in delirium days). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern healthcare, providers increasingly use cloud services to store and share electronic medical records. However, traditional cloud hosting, which depends on intermediaries, poses risks to privacy and security, including inadequate control over access, data auditing, and tracking data origins. Additionally, current schemes face significant limitations such as scalability concerns, high computational overhead, practical implementation challenges, and issues with interoperability and data standardization. Unauthorized data access by cloud providers further exacerbates these concerns. Blockchain technology, known for its secure and decentralized nature, offers a solution by enabling secure data auditing in sharing systems. This research integrates blockchain into healthcare for efficient record management. We proposed a blockchain-based method for secure EHR management and integrated Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) for fine-grained access control. The proposed algorithm combines blockchain and smart contracts with a cloud-based healthcare Service Management System (SMS) to ensure secure and accessible EHRs. Smart contracts automate key management, encryption, and decryption processes, enhancing data security and integrity. The blockchain ledger authenticates data transactions, while the cloud provides scalability. The SMS manages access requests, enhancing resource allocation and response times. A dual authentication system confirms patient keys before granting data access, with failed attempts leading to access revocation and incident logging. Our analyses show that this algorithm significantly improves the security and efficiency of health data exchanges. By combining blockchain's decentralized structure with the cloud's scalability, this approach significantly improves EHR security protocols in modern healthcare setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self‐rectifying memristor with a bilayer of trap‐rich HfO2 and insulating Ta2O5 oxide layers is considered one of the most promising candidates for the memristive crossbar array due to its superior switching performance, scalability with 3D stacking, and low operating power. However, the output current variation due to the electron detrapping from trap states can cause the failure of critical operations in neuromorphic applications. This work suggests two solutions to mitigate the switching variations and insufficient data retention time by embedding gold nanodots and modifying the bias voltage application methods for read, write, and erase operations in the crossbar array. The switching mechanism is studied by varying the embedded position of the gold nanodots across the thickness direction of the bilayered oxides, which helped to optimize device performance further. Combining the two solutions into the proposed self‐rectifying memristor enables a single device to have the 7‐possible, stable states by preventing interstate overlap and securing the retention. Consequently, the hardware neural network consisting of self‐rectifying memristors with gold nanodots with the modified bias voltage application methods demonstrates a high inference accuracy of 93.1% in MNIST handwritten digit classification, comparable to the software‐based accuracy of 93.4%, benefiting from the enhanced multi‐state uniformity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While historians and anthropologists have thoroughly documented the management of leprosy in Hawai‘i, Cook Islands, Sāmoa, and Fiji, the case of the Établissements français de l’Océanie (now French Polynesia) has remained overlooked. This article focuses on the small atoll of Reao in eastern Tuamotus, where an official leprosarium was set up in the mid-1930s. It looks at the preventive and therapeutic measures taken between 1919 and 1956 and the endemic’s impacts on society. The article shows that the administrative response was slow and hampered by insufficient resources and Reao’s great distance from Tahiti. Also, these circumstances were conducive to the maintenance of the strong influence of Catholic missionaries and of close links between the patients and other Island inhabitants. Lastly, it appears that while the endemic led to the arrival of new goods, customs, and ideas, socio-cultural change remained limited overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphology is a branch of science that tries to determine individual characteristics and details of a person based on their handwriting. It was started in 1871 with the devoted work of French cleric-archaeologist Jean-Hippolyte Michon. Today, this branch of science is used to evaluate people’s emotional development, give career advice, and conduct psychological analysis. Today, some company managers use the science of graphology to evaluate the personal characteristics of job applicants. The science of criminology, which contributes to the science of graphology, is the examination of the social and personal causes of any event. It focuses on crime, criminals, and ways to fight crime. Criminology studies are carried out to ensure justice and are carried out using various laws. However, there are also criticisms that graphology doesn’t always yield clear results in criminological studies. To put it more clearly, in the science of evidence (criminology), a broad consensus hasn’t been reached regarding the validity of graphology studies. Starting from this point, the benefits and shortcomings of graphology were analyzed in the study, and evaluations were made about the place and importance of graphology in archival science. In addition, the effect of graphology on archiving science was evaluated by focusing on the connection between the science of criminology. The study, which discusses the contribution of graphology to the sciences of archiving and information and records management, has been completed by making various suggestions that will support future academic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to demonstrate the impact of administrative developments in government work on the mechanism for preserving documents and archives in the Sultanate of Oman, a field study in the Ministry of Heritage and Tourism, by identifying the reality of administrative developments in the Ministry of Heritage and Culture, and its reflection on the mechanism for preserving documents and archives, in addition to identifying the challenges facing Personnel managing its documents to achieve the requirements of the Authority. The study relied on a mixed approach to achieve its research objectives, as it used the review form, questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews to collect the required data from the study sample consisting of (30) employees working in the Department of Documents and Archives Preservation from various administrative levels. In order to identify the impact of administrative developments in government work on the mechanism of preserving documents and archives in the Sultanate of Oman, represented by the Ministry of Heritage and Tourism. The results of the study found that there is a statistically significant effect for each of: the development of the organizational structure, the development of legislation and laws, and the development of technical and technological means on the mechanism of preserving documents and archives in the Ministry of Heritage and Tourism. The study came out with several recommendations, most notably: the need for the Ministry of Heritage and Tourism to pay attention to applying all the requirements and tools adopted by the Authority to manage archives and current and intermediate documents, to ensure that its documents are handled by correct and proper procedures, including activating records or databases organizing document management operations, and the need for the Ministry to Heritage and Tourism to prepares places to save its intermediate documents following the requirements and specifications of the authority. Also, to ensure the preservation and security of its documents from loss or damage, to expedite the provision of an electronic system for managing documents, and electronic documents, to intensify training and awareness programs for the Ministry's employees on document management procedures and to prepare explanatory publications that simplify and clarify the necessary methods for managing documents-finally, giving priority to employees specialized in document management who possess professional skills and competencies to assume supervisory functions related to document management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to establish the link between blockchain technology adoption in the maritime and shipping industry and its impact on maritime supply chain integration via a systematic review of both the academic and practice literature. In total 148 articles were identified and analysed. Blockchain applications identified from the literature are categorized into three domains: document management, transaction management, and cargo/vessel/terminal operations. An analysis of the benefits and challenges that influence the deployment of blockchain technology for maritime supply chain integration leads to the development of an integrated and extended Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) framework. This study is among the first to examine the current state of blockchain diffusion within the maritime supply chain, making a significant contribution to the field. The extended TOE framework offers guidance for future research and understanding of the relationship between blockchain adoption and maritime supply chain integration. It can be used to assist organisations in successfully adopting blockchain technology in their supply chain operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the assumption that appraisal entails selection of records to be archives in line with the concept of values in archives and what each society values, this article investigates the situation of appraisal in the Thai public sector, where records are not always readily transferred from government agencies to the National Archives of Thailand. The research attempts to identify gaps and seeks to conceive a suitable appraisal system through documentary research (e.g., legislation, manuals, policies and related literature), interviews, and public hearings. The data collected for this research, which was conducted along with dissemination of knowledge on archival appraisal as advocacy for archival appraisal in Thailand, suggest that there is a need to combine records and archives values with existing values in society to make public organization executives and policy makers drive archives into the public agenda. More importantly, it is necessary to build communities and networks that support archival appraisal among information professionals and records creators and across related areas of expertise, such as digital curators and IT specialists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the potential of blockchain technology to transform Electronic Health Record (EHR) administration, integrity, and security. EHRs store vital health information such as medical history, diagnosis, prescriptions, and imaging findings, which may be shared with healthcare professionals to improve patient care. The existing EHR systems have a centralized framework. These centralized systems have a single point of failure, data management, integrity, and security concerns. Blockchain technology provides a solution to these problems by delivering benefits such as safety, privacy, secrecy, and decentralization. This study presents a framework for adopting blockchain technology in EHR systems, providing a comprehensive, modular, and straightforward approach. Our proposed framework addresses the constraints of existing EHR systems by providing a platform for connected and interoperable EHRs. The proposed blockchain-based patient health records management framework demonstrates the potential to address the limitations of current centralized health records systems. It offers benefits such as data privacy and security, interoperability, audibility, decentralization, and automation through the use of smart contracts. The proposed framework is implemented in Ethereum. The evaluation, i.e., cost and performance results, show that this solution is reasonable and may be used on any blockchain network, whether it is permissioned or permissionless. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional charge-trapping (CT) NAND flash memory has attracted extensive attention owing to its unique merits, including huge storage capacities, large memory densities, and low bit cost. The reliability property is becoming an important factor for NAND flash memory with multi-level-cell (MLC) modes like triple-level-cell (TLC) or quad-level-cell (QLC), which is seriously affected by the intervals between program (P) and erase (E) operations during P/E cycles. In this work, the impacts of the intervals between P&E cycling under different temperatures and P/E cycles were systematically characterized. The results are further analyzed in terms of program disturb (PD), read disturb (RD), and data retention (DR). It was found that fail bit counts (FBCs) during the high temperature (HT) PD process are much smaller than those of the room temperature (RT) PD process. Moreover, upshift error and downshift error dominate the HT PD and RT PD processes, respectively. To improve the memory reliability of 3D CT TLC NAND, different intervals between P&E operations should be adopted considering the operating temperatures. These results could provide potential insights to optimize the lifetime of NAND flash-based memory systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation anomalies in optical remote sensing images frequently occur due to electronic issues within the image sensor or data transmission errors. These radiation anomalies can be categorized into several types, including CCD, StripeNoise, RandomCode1, RandomCode2, ImageMissing, and Tap. To ensure the retention of image data with minimal radiation issues as much as possible, this paper adopts a self-made radiation dataset and proposes a FlexVisionNet-YOLO network to detect radiation anomalies more accurately. Firstly, RepViT is used as the backbone network with a vision transformer architecture to better capture global and local features. Its multiscale feature fusion mechanism efficiently handles targets of different sizes and shapes, enhancing the detection ability for radiation anomalies. Secondly, a feature depth fusion network is proposed in the Feature Fusion part, which significantly improves the flexibility and accuracy of feature fusion and thus enhances the detection and classification performance of complex remote sensing images. Finally, Inner-CIoU is used in the Head part for edge regression, which significantly improves the localization accuracy by finely adjusting the target edges; Slide-Loss is used for classification loss, which enhances the classification robustness by dynamically adjusting the category probabilities and markedly improves the classification accuracy, especially in the sample imbalance dataset. Experimental results show that, compared to YOLOv8, the proposed FlexVisionNet-YOLO method improves precision, recall, mAP0.5, and mAP0.5:0.9 by 3.5%, 7.1%, 4.4%, and 13.6%, respectively. Its effectiveness in detecting radiation anomalies surpasses that of other models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: The review provides a comprehensive summary of performance limits of the single two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (2D-TMD) transistor. The review details the two logical expressions of the single 2D-TMD logic transistor, including current and voltage. The review demonstrates the two calculating methods for dynamic energy consumption of 2D synaptic devices. Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) allow for atomic-scale manipulation, challenging the conventional limitations of semiconductor materials. This capability may overcome the short-channel effect, sparking significant advancements in electronic devices that utilize 2D TMDs. Exploring the dimension and performance limits of transistors based on 2D TMDs has gained substantial importance. This review provides a comprehensive investigation into these limits of the single 2D-TMD transistor. It delves into the impacts of miniaturization, including the reduction of channel length, gate length, source/drain contact length, and dielectric thickness on transistor operation and performance. In addition, this review provides a detailed analysis of performance parameters such as source/drain contact resistance, subthreshold swing, hysteresis loop, carrier mobility, on/off ratio, and the development of p-type and single logic transistors. This review details the two logical expressions of the single 2D-TMD logic transistor, including current and voltage. It also emphasizes the role of 2D TMD-based transistors as memory devices, focusing on enhancing memory operation speed, endurance, data retention, and extinction ratio, as well as reducing energy consumption in memory devices functioning as artificial synapses. This review demonstrates the two calculating methods for dynamic energy consumption of 2D synaptic devices. This review not only summarizes the current state of the art in this field but also highlights potential future research directions and applications. It underscores the anticipated challenges, opportunities, and potential solutions in navigating the dimension and performance boundaries of 2D transistors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion To provide a consensus document for the management of benign female urethral lesions.The British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) Female, Neurological and Urodynamic Urology (FNUU) Section created a consensus document to guide the management of the commonest of urethral swellings using expert consensus with a modified Delphi technique.Benign urethral lesions in females can include urethral mucosal prolapse, urethral caruncle, Skene's gland cysts and urethral diverticulum. They can present in a variety of ways including haematuria, lower urinary tract symptoms and voiding dysfunction, and can initially be overlooked or not recognised, resulting in delayed management.This consensus statement led by the FNUU Section of the BAUS, in consultation with BAUS members and consultants working in units throughout the UK, aimed to create a comprehensive and pragmatic management pathway for the assessment, investigation and treatment of benign urethral lesions in females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

File sharing, being the foundation of the Internet, has traditionally relied on a centralized service architecture resulting in significant maintenance costs. Moreover, due to the lack of an effective file management system, instances of sensitive information going out of control and loss of confidentiality in file sharing have occurred frequently. In order to address the difficulty of tamper detection and the lack of supervision in the entire process of file transfer in the current Internet environment, this paper designs a blockchain-based system architecture for secure sharing of electronic documents. An efficient blockchain model is used in our framework, and with the help of distributed storage system and asymmetric encryption technology, file sharing can be controlled, reliable and traceable in the transfer process. Referring to existing consensus mechanisms, e.g., Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), we propose a new consensus for efficient and secure file sharing. Our experimental results show that our framework can maintain a higher throughput than existing schemes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection of the similarity between files is a requirement for many practical applications, such as copyright protection, file management, plagiarism detection, and detecting duplicate submissions of scientific articles to multiple journals or conferences. Existing methods have not taken into consideration file privacy, which prevents their use in many delicate situations, for example when comparing two intellectual agencies' files where files are meant to be secured, to find file similarities. Over the last few years, encryption protocols have been developed with the aim of detecting similar files without compromising privacy. However, existing protocols tend to leak important data, and do not have low complexity costs. This paper addresses the issue of computing the similarity between two file collections belonging to two entities who desire to keep their contents private. We propose a clustering-based approach that achieves 90% accuracy while significantly reducing the execution time. The protocols presented in this study are much more efficient than other secure protocols, and the alternatives are slower in terms of similarity detection for large file sets. Our system achieves a high level of security by using a vector space model to convert the files into vectors and by applying Paillier encryption to encrypt the elements of the vector separately, to protect privacy. The study uses the application of the Porter algorithm to the vocabulary set. Using a secure cosine similarity approach, a score for similar files was identified and the index of the similarity scores is returned to the other party, rather than the similar files themselves. The system is strengthened by using clustering for files, based on the k-means clustering technique, which makes it more efficient for large file sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The World Health Organization–approved Xpert MTB/XDR test detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, ethionamide, and injectable drugs directly in specimens. This pragmatic, laboratory-based study assessed the diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of a reflex testing approach, where Xpert MTB/XDR was performed on residual specimens previously processed for Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra. Methods Routine respiratory specimens, processed for Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, were stored in sample reagent buffer at 2°C–8°C. If rifampicin resistant, the residual specimen was assessed for adequate volume (≥2 mL) and tested with Xpert MTB/XDR, with storage time recorded. A second specimen was used for routine and reference standard testing (culture and sequencing). Results Specimens (99% sputum) from 763 participants submitted to 2 large routine laboratories were included. Xpert MTB/XDR yielded valid resistance detection results in 639 (84%), compared with 507 (66%) for routine testing (difference [95% CI], 18% [13%–22%]). The median turnaround time for results was 23 hours for Xpert MTB/XDR and 15 days for routine testing. While 748 specimens (98%) were ≥2 mL, only 102 (13%) were stored for ≤4 hours. By the reference standard, 284 of 394 (72%) were isoniazid resistant, and 57 of 380 (15%) were fluroquinolone resistant. The sensitivities of Xpert MTB/XDR were 94% (95% CI, 91%–97%) for isoniazid and 91% (81%–97%) for fluoroquinolone resistance detection. The specificities were 98% (94%–100%) and 100% (98%–100%), respectively. Conclusions Xpert MTB/XDR performed favorably compared with the reference, and the reflex testing approach increased results availability over routine testing, while dramatically decreasing turnaround time from weeks to hours. Laboratory workflow precluded testing within the manufacturer-recommended 4-hour storage time, but longer storage did not appear detrimental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Cu/BaTiO3/MoS2/Cu nanodevices were fabricated through magnetron sputtering at room temperature, and the adjustable resistor switching (RS) functionality of the devices under dark and illuminated conditions was systematically investigated. By designing experiments and analyzing data, we propose a conceptual model to explain the conduction mechanism of the device. Under dark conditions, the switching between high-resistance and low-resistance states can be attributed to the modulation of the interface barrier between BaTiO3 and MoS2, as well as the formation and rupture of conductive filaments between the MoS2 layers. However, under illumination, the BaTiO3 layer generates photoexcited electrons that are injected into the MoS2 layer and subsequently captured by defect states, thereby modulating the RS phenomenon. The device exhibits a high-to-low resistance ratio exceeding 104, endurance up to 103 cycles, data retention exceeding 104 s, and a dispersion voltage below 0.05 V at room temperature. The light-controlled functionality of the device provides possibilities for extending the application of resistive switching-based non-volatile random access memory to the field of optics, such as imaging sensors, optoelectronic detectors, and optoelectronic switches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organisations heavily dependent on paper documents still spend a significant amount of time managing a large volume of documents. An intelligent document management system (DMS) is presented to automate the processing of tax and administrative documents. The proposed system fills a gap in the landscape of practical tools in the field of DMS and advances the state of the art. This system represents a complex process of integrated AI-powered technologies that creates an ontology, extracts information from documents, defines profiles, maps the extracted data in RDF format, and applies inference through a reasoning engine. The DMS was designed to help all those companies that manage their clients' tax and administrative documents daily. Automation speeds up the management process so that companies can focus more on value-added services. The system was tested in a case study that focused on the preparation of tax returns. The results demonstrated the efficacy of the system in providing document management service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2014, Federal Bureau of Investigation director James Comey approved the addition of animal cruelty to Group A of the National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS), which is categorized into Group A and Group B offenses (Federal Bureau of Investigation [FBI], 2016). In 2016, participating NIBRS states began collecting animal cruelty data. The rationale for the addition of animal cruelty crimes to NIBRS was the large body of empirical evidence that demonstrates a close association between animal cruelty and other crimes, interpersonal violence in particular. This paper analyzes how states and local law enforcement agencies have responded to the addition of animal cruelty crime incidents to NIBRS, noting patterns of adoption in reporting animal cruelty crimes, gaps, and any other factor that provides clarity on the state of the implementation of animal cruelty crime statistics in NIBRS. The method of analysis was to first evaluate the animal cruelty incident rates by population groups established by the FBI and then to calculate the animal cruelty crime rate for Delaware and compare it to the U.S, as Delaware is the only state with an Office of Animal Welfare. With this analysis, we can determine which areas have sufficient data to inform law enforcement's decisions about the allocation of resources and begin to craft prevention programs for animal cruelty and other forms of interpersonal violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Plant height is a significant indicator of maize phenotypic morphology, and is closely related to crop growth, biomass, and lodging resistance. Obtaining the maize plant height accurately is of great significance for cultivating high-yielding maize varieties. Traditional measurement methods are labor-intensive and not conducive to data recording and storage. Therefore, it is very essential to implement the automated reading of maize plant height from measurement scales using object detection algorithms. Method: This study proposed a lightweight detection model based on the improved YOLOv5. The MobileNetv3 network replaced the YOLOv5 backbone network, and the Normalization-based Attention Module attention mechanism module was introduced into the neck network. The CioU loss function was replaced with the EioU loss function. Finally, a combined algorithm was used to achieve the automatic reading of maize plant height from measurement scales. Results: The improved model achieved an average precision of 98.6%, a computational complexity of 1.2 GFLOPs, and occupied 1.8 MB of memory. The detection frame rate on the computer was 54.1 fps. Through comparisons with models such as YOLOv5s, YOLOv7 and YOLOv8s, it was evident that the comprehensive performance of the improved model in this study was superior. Finally, a comparison between the algorithm's 160 plant height data obtained from the test set and manual readings demonstrated that the relative error between the algorithm's results and manual readings was within 0.2 cm, meeting the requirements of automatic reading of maize height measuring scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The field of behavior analysis is experiencing high rates of turnover. Reports suggest that provider turnover is as high as 75% per year and is due to several variables, such as supervisory support, burnout, and pay. A promising applied intervention to mitigate turnover is addressing supervisory support. Our research explores the impact of procedural fidelity data collection on retention. We leveraged a longitudinal design to evaluate the relationship between evaluation frequency and monthly fidelity score on retention. Using BSTperform, we systematically recorded the number of evaluations conducted, the monthly fidelity scores, and the employment status of providers three months after the evaluations. Results reveal that those observed four times per month or with a high-fidelity score are likely to remain at the organization longer than those who are not observed frequently and have low fidelity scores. Retention trends and the link between evaluation frequency and monthly fidelity score are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Memristors, recognized as key devices for mitigating the von Neumann bottleneck, show great potential in non-volatile memory technology. Their performance is fundamentally linked to the chemical composition and structural characteristics of their intermediate dielectric layer. Owing to the inherent advantages of metal oxides, such as their simplistic chemical makeup and superior thermal stability, memristors featuring a Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) sandwich structure with metal oxides as the intermediate layer have received extensive focus. In this study, a Pt/Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Mn x Fe 2-x O 4 (NZMFO)/Pt composite film was prepared, and its resistance switching behavior was modulated by altering the doping concentration of Mnn+ in NZMFO. The experimental results indicate that altering the Mnn+ doping concentration does significantly impact the content of oxygen vacancies. As the concentration of Mnn+ increases from 0.10 to 0.20 at.%, the content of oxygen vacancies correspondingly rises from 46.58 % to 76.42 %. Concurrently, variations in Mnn+ doping concentration significantly alter the resistance switching properties of the Pt/NZMFO/Pt composite films. This includes elevating the set/reset voltage, diminishing the resistance ratio, and enhancing the durability with the augmentation of Mnn+ concentration. By meticulously adjusting the Mnn+ doping concentration, we can achieve a memristor characterized by superior performance across all metrics. Considering all performance aspects, this study determined that the Pt/NZMFO/Pt thin film memristor with x = 0.15 exhibits adequate endurance (100 cycles), high data retention, and stable set/reset voltage. This work underscores the critical role of Mnn+ doping concentration in optimizing the electrochemical properties of NZFO memristors, illustrating a strategic pathway to engineer memristive devices with enhanced performance for future non-volatile memory applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]