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The geological structure of the reservoir in Bozi-Dabei area is complex, and the longitudinal difference of rock mechanical properties of the reservoir is large. Most of the current evaluation techniques after reservoir reconstruction are based on the fitting of construction pressure based on the logging curve of a single well, so as to analyze the fracture morphology and the geometric dimensions of length, width and height after pressure. It is difficult to explain the fracture morphology and geometric parameters correctly because the interpretation methods used do not comprehensively consider the influence of natural fractures, 3D geological properties and 3D geomechanical properties. In order to explain the artificial fracture morphology more accurately, the target layer ant body is generated by using 3D original seismic data, and the natural fracture model of three different reservoir types in Bozi X block is generated, which provides geological basis for the integrated demonstration. By combining dynamic and static data and multidisciplinary methods, a one-dimensional rock mechanics profile model is established, and a three-dimensional geomechanical model of three different reservoir types in Block X of Bozi is established by combining geological model and deep diagenesis theory. The matching relationship between horizontal stress, fault strike and natural tensile fracture distribution is comprehensively analyzed and evaluated, providing a geomechanical basis for the evaluation of integrated reservoir reconstruction. Integrated geological model and geomechanical model are closely combined with engineering parameters to establish an integrated true three-dimensional artificial fracture model. On this basis, the optimization research and design of the parameters of displacement, liquid volume and sand ratio are completed. The optimal flow rate of Class I reservoir 6-7 (m³·min-1), Class II reservoir 5-6 (m³·min-1), Class III reservoir 4-5 (m³·min-1), Class I reservoir 600-700 m³, Class II reservoir 600-700 m³, Class III reservoir 500-600 m³, Sand ratio of 15%-20% for Class I reservoir, 15%-20% for class II reservoir and 20%-25% for class III reservoir are the optimal construction parameters, which provide guidance for field construction.

Currently lacking research to explore the correlation between inflammatory markers and the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. This study is a retrospective study and included patients with advanced gastric cancer who receiving ICIs combined with chemotherapy from January 2020 to December 2022. We analysed the relationship between systemic inflammatory markers and the efficacy of ICIs combined chemotherapy and constructed a clinical prediction model. A nomogram was constructed based on the results of the bidirectional stepwise regression model. A total of 197 patients were enrolled in the training group, with a median follow‐up period of time 26 months. Kaplan Meier analysis showed that the median OS of patients with low systemic immune‐inflammatory index (SII) and low platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was superior to those with high SII and PLR. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that SII, NLR, PLR, and N stage as independent prognostic factors for OS. Adding SII to the conventional model improved the predictive ability of the 12‐month OS. A total of 95 patients were included in the validation group, and external validation of the SII‐based nomogram showed favourable predictive performance. Baseline SII, PLR, and N stage may serve as independent predictive factors for survival outcomes in advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing ICIs combined with chemotherapy. The SII‐based nomogram can provide intuitive and accurate prognosis prediction of individual patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conductivity of acid-etched fractures and the subsequent production response are influenced by the injection mode of the fracturing fluid and acid fluid during acid fracturing in a carbonate reservoir. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive and systematic experimental research on the impact of commonly used injection modes in oilfields on conductivity, which directly affects the optimal selection of acid-fracturing injection modes. To address this gap, the present study focuses on underground rock samples, acid systems, and fracturing fluid obtained from ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs in the Fuman Oilfield. Experimental investigations were conducted to examine the conductivity of hydraulic fractures etched by various types of acid fluids under five different injection modes: fracturing fluid + self-generating acid or cross-linked acid; fracturing fluid + self-generating acid + cross-linked acid. The findings demonstrate that the implementation of multi-stage alternating acid injection results in the formation of communication channels, vugular pore space, and natural micro-cracks, as well as grooves and fish-scales due to enhanced etching effects. The elevation change, amount of dissolved rock, and conductivity exhibited by rock plates are significantly higher in comparison to those achieved through the single-acid injection mode while maintaining superior conductivity. It is recommended for optimal conductivity and retention rate in the Fuman Oilfield to adopt two stages of alternating acid-fracturing injection mode. Field application demonstrated that two-stages of alternating acid-fracturing generate more pronounced production response than the adjacent wells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the overall incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) caused by bisphosphonates and denosumab when used for controlling bone cancer metastasis or as adjuvant therapy. Subjects and Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases and major meetings' proceedings as of July 30, 2022, identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational trials that evaluated ONJ caused by denosumab or bisphosphonates. The total incidence and risk ratio (RR) for ONJ were calculated using a random‐effects model. Results: A total of 42 003 patients with various solid tumors reported in 23 RCTs were included. The overall ONJ incidence in cancer patients receiving denosumab or bisphosphonates was 2.08% (95% CI 1.37–2.91; p <.01; I2 = 94.99%). Patients receiving denosumab had a higher ONJ incidence than those receiving bisphosphonates (RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.10–2.44; p <.05; I2 = 65.4%). Subgroup analyses showed that prostate cancer patients receiving denosumab and receiving zoledronic acid had the highest ONJ incidences, 5.0% and 3.0%, respectively. The incidence of ONJ induced by different doses was also different. Conclusions: The incidence of ONJ caused by denosumab and bisphosphonates is low, the dose of the drug and the type of cancer have certain influence on ONJ. Therefore, clinicians should use the drug reasonably to improve the quality of life of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although breast cancer treatment has been developed remarkably in recent years, it remains the primary cause of death among women. Immune checkpoint blockade therapy has significantly altered the way breast cancer is treated, although not all patients benefit from the changes. At present, the most effective mechanism of immune checkpoint blockade application in malignant tumors is not clear and efficacy may be influenced by many factors, including host, tumor, and tumor microenvironment dynamics. Therefore, there is a pressing need for tumor immunomarkers that can be used to screen patients and help determine which of them would benefit from breast cancer immunotherapy. At present, no single tumor marker can predict treatment efficacy with sufficient accuracy. Multiple markers may be combined to more accurately pinpoint patients who will respond favorably to immune checkpoint blockade medication. In this review, we have examined the breast cancer treatments, developments in research on the role of tumor markers in maximizing the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, prospects for the identification of novel therapeutic targets, and the creation of individualized treatment plans. We also discuss how tumor markers can provide guidance for clinical practice., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)