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Understanding the characteristics of minute‐scale short‐duration intense rainfall and its possible link with urbanization is valuable for addressing urban climate change and evaluating biases in high‐resolution historical precipitation data series. This study analyses the long‐term trends of rainy‐season minute‐scale intense rainfall events at different continuous time periods based on precipitation data from 20 national meteorological stations in the Beijing area covering the period from 1961 to 2021. This study shows that during the whole period analysed, the number of events of intense rainfall lasting 15 min or longer decreased, while the number of shorter‐duration events and the accumulated precipitation increased. The frequency and amount of minute‐scale intense rainfall recorded by urban stations are generally higher than those recorded by rural stations in terms of climatological means. The signal of the urbanization effect in minute‐scale precipitation changes is detectable, with the contribution of urbanization to the trends in average precipitation of 30‐min intense rainfall being 68.8%, whereas the contributions with respect to the frequency of 20‐ and 30‐min intense rainfall and the maximum precipitation of intense rainfall with a duration of 45 min reach 100%. The results of the analysis can provide reference for understanding long‐term changes in short‐duration rainfall and the possibility that they are driven by local anthropogenic activity, as well as bias in the minute‐scale precipitation data series of urban observation sites when they are used in studies of large‐scale intense precipitation changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While previous studies have largely focused on anthropogenic warming characterized by surface air temperature, little is known about the behaviors of human‐perceived temperature (HPT), which describe the "feels‐like" equivalent temperature by considering the joint effects of temperature, humidity and/or wind speed. Here we adopted an optimal fingerprinting method to compare seasonal mean HPTs in China with those from simulations conducted with multiple climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. We found clear anthropogenic signals in the observational records of changes in both summer and winter HPTs over the period 1971–2020. Moreover, the anthropogenic greenhouse gas influence was robustly detected, with clear separation from natural and anthropogenic aerosol forcings. The anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing plays the dominant role (>90%) of human‐perceived warming. Urbanization effects contribute slightly and moderately to the estimated trends in summer and winter HPTs, respectively, in addition to the effects of external forcing. Plain Language Summary: Human influences have been identified in the observed warming quantified by surface air temperature (SAT), but SAT alone is inadequate as a metric for human thermal comfort. Here we focus on human‐perceived temperature (HPT), which describes the "feels‐like" equivalent temperature by considering the joint effects of temperature, humidity, and/or wind speed. We isolate anthropogenic impacts on the observed increase in summer and winter HPTs in China during 1971–2020 by comparing observations with state‐of‐the‐art climate models. Results show that the influence of anthropogenic greenhouse gas is detected, with clear separation from other external forcings such as solar and volcanic activities and anthropogenic aerosols. The human‐induced greenhouse gas increases are also found to explain most (>90%) of the observed human‐perceived warming. Along with the effects of large‐scale anthropogenic forcing, urbanization effects also have a slight to moderate influence on the estimated trends in summer and winter HPTs. Our work is an early attempt to provide quantitative evidence for the physiological impacts of anthropogenic global warming and local urbanization on human beings. Key Points: The warming is quantified by human‐perceived temperature that considers the joint effects of temperature, humidity and/or wind speedHuman influence could be robustly detected in both summer and winter human‐perceived warmingThe observed increase in human‐perceived temperature is mostly attributed to anthropogenic greenhouse gas increases [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The superamphiphobic coatings with high thermal conductivity and wear resistance have attracted wide attention in academic fields, but its construction through sheet fillers is very challenging. Herein, the graded filling of modified flake graphite and modified Al 2 O 3 was used to prepare epoxy resin/polytetrafluoroethylene powder/modified flake graphite/modified Al 2 O 3 (EP/PTFE/FG/Al 2 O 3) coating by two-step spray method, which can ensure stable nonwetting performance toward water, acid-base solutions (pH = 1–14), glycerol and ethylene glycol. More importantly, it also promised excellent wear resistance (1000 cycle wear times) and high thermal conductivity (1.822 ± 0.023 W/(m·K)). Furthermore, salt spray tests indicated that the EP/PTFE/FG/Al 2 O 3 coating had an outstanding anticorrosion. It can be foreseen that the simple but effective superamphiphobic coatings are applied in the fields of heat conduction and anticorrosion. • Graded fillers method enhanced the thermal conductivity, anticorrosion and superamphiphobicity of coating. • Superamphiphobic coatings have excellent wear resistance, strong adhesive ability and nonwetting stability. • Robust superamphiphobic coatings can be prepared on a large scale by two-step spraying method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the megacity of Beijing as an example, a short‐time Fourier transform (STFT) method was employed to extract the multi‐timescale evolution pattern of the canopy urban heat island intensity (CUHII) during 2000–2020. The STFT of CUHII showed a close relationship between the evolution of the CUHII in Beijing and the background meteorological forcing at intra‐annual, weather and intra‐daily scales. The intra‐annual‐scale spectrum of CUHII exhibited an increasing trend with obvious seasonal variation of the canopy urban heat island (CUHI). The intra‐daily‐scale spectrum of CUHII showed an increasing trend with the nighttime CUHI developing faster. Increasing Western Pacific Subtropical High intensity can enhance the seasonal and diurnal fluctuations of CUHII. The weather‐scale spectrum of CUHII is controlled by weather system evolution, showing that the frequency of cold/heat waves (CWs/HWs) in Beijing was significantly negatively correlated with the weather‐scale spectral intensity of the CUHII. CWs and HWs can increase the CUHII for a long duration. Plain Language Summary: The canopy urban heat island (CUHI) phenomenon can affect human health and the ecological environment, and its multi‐timescale variability brings great uncertainty to the study of urban climates worldwide. In this study, taking the megacity of Beijing as an example, a novel short‐time Fourier transform (STFT) method was used to extract the multi‐timescale pattern of the CUHI intensity (CUHII) during 2000–2020. The STFT of CUHII showed a close relationship between the CUHI and the background meteorological forcing at intra‐annual, weather and intra‐daily scales. The intra‐annual spectrum of CUHII showed an increasing trend with a V‐shaped mode. The local climatic backgrounds of different cities can lead to differences in the seasonal development of the CUHI. The intra‐daily spectrum of CUHII showed an increasing trend due to the asymmetry in the day/night development of the CUHI. Increasing Western Pacific Subtropical High Intensity can enhance the seasonal and diurnal fluctuations of CUHII. The weather‐scale spectrum of CUHII was mainly controlled by weather system evolution, showing that cold waves and heat waves can increase the CUHII over a long duration. Our findings indicate that the evolution of CUHII is a nonlinear and complex process that is directly related to multi‐timescale background climate forcing. Key Points: Using a short‐time Fourier transform to study the multi‐timescale evolution of the canopy urban heat island intensity (CUHII)Close relationships existed between CUHII and the background meteorological forcing at intra‐annual, intra‐daily, and weather scalesThe frequency of cold/heat waves in Beijing showed a significant negative correlation with the weather‐scale spectral intensity of the CUHII [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]