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Gum arabic also known as gum Acacia, Acacia Senegal and Arabic gum is a natural, edible, dietary fiber and polysaccharide consisting of an arabiono-galactan-protein complex. The term Arabic gum was proposed by European merchants. Two species of Acacia, Acacia seyal and Acacia Senegal are recommended to produce a gum. 80% gum is produced from Acacia Senegal which is widely distributed to Sudan, Africa, Japan, Nepal, and many other tropical and subtropic regions of the world. From ancient times, it has been used for many beneficial purposes. Anciently it was used to make mummies and in painting. Currently, it is widely used for food applications, clinical uses, and non-food applications. In food approaches, it is used as a flavoring agent, stabilizer, sweetener, and thickening agent. It is used for the formulation of ice creams, candies, jellies, soft drinks, beverages, desserts, and soup. In clinical uses, it is used due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diarrhea, immune-stimulant, analgesic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, renal protective, anticancerous, anti-ulcerative and for many other purposes due to diversity of potential. In non-food applications, it is used for the synthesis of syrups, tablets, lozenges, creams, lotions, paint, ink, glue, and ceramics. This review briefly covered the all area in which gum arabic is used widely due to its beneficial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pervasive sleep disorder named insomnia has been increasingly recognized as a major factor leading comorbidity in individuals suffering with mental health problems. The review article demonstrated the cause and impact of insomnia through literature on individuals who are already struggling with mental health issues. After a thorough database research, Studies evaluating the prevalence rates of insomnia across different mental health illnesses, such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder, were found. In addition to this, review article examines the duality of insomnia and mental health. It explains how insomnia worsens psychiatric symptoms while also exacerbating them. It also discusses how untreated insomnia can affect the development and prognosis of psychiatric disorders, as well as how treatment strategies can address both sleep disorders and psychiatric symptoms. Finally, it explores potential mechanisms that may be at play between insomnia and psychiatric disorders, including dysregulation of neurotransmitters, hypothalamic, pituitary, and adrenal functions, as well as cognitive and emotional processes. By understanding the complex relationship between insomnia and psychological health, holistic interventions can be developed that address both sleep disturbance and psychiatric symptoms, leading to improved well-being and overall quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probiotics, like lactic acid bacteria, are non-pathogenic microbes that exert health benefits to the host when administered in adequate quantity. Currently, research is being conducted on the molecular events and applications of probiotics. The suggested mechanisms by which probiotics exert their action include; competitive exclusion of pathogens for adhesion sites, improvement of the intestinal mucosal barrier, gut immunomodulation, and neurotransmitter synthesis. This review emphasizes the recent advances in the health benefits of probiotics and the emerging applications of probiotics in the food industry. Due to their capability to modulate gut microbiota and attenuate the immune system, probiotics could be used as an adjuvant in hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cancer, and gastrointestinal diseases. Considering the functional properties, probiotics are being used in the dairy, beverage, and baking industries. After developing the latest techniques by researchers, probiotics can now survive within harsh processing conditions and withstand GI stresses quite effectively. Thus, the potential of probiotics can efficiently be utilized on a commercial scale in food processing industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cichoriumintybus L., often known as chicory, is a Mediterranean plant species that is a member of the Asteraceae family. It has been known to have therapeutic benefits for a very long time. C. intybus is unique among the six species of Cichorium that are grown in Europe and Asia because of its wide range of uses in conventional medicine. The plant has been used in many traditional medical systems, especially in India, where it has been used to treat a wide range of illnesses, from diabetes to wounds. Chicory contains a wide range of phytoconstituents, including cellulose, proteins, sugar, flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids, anthocyanins, tannins, coumarins, sesquiterpene lactones, fatty acids, cholins, benzo-isochromenes, alkaloids, vitamins, and minerals. The diverse ranges of therapeutic benefits associated with C. intybus are partly ascribed to this phytochemical composition. The pharmacological actions of chicory, which have been demonstrated to range from hepatoprotective to anti-inflammatory, demonstrate the plant's versatility and its potential to treat a variety of illnesses. This article offers a thorough investigation of C. intybus L.'s phytochemistry and pharmacological applications. This review attempts to be a useful resource for researchers, medical professionals, and practitioners interested in using Cichoriumintybus's medicinal properties for improving human health by compiling the body of knowledge on the botanical and chemical aspects of chicory as well as its therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An annual herb is known as "Fumitory," Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley (Fumariaceae), is a widespread weed in Pakistan's and India's plains. The plantis frequently employed in the Unani and Ayurvedic medical systems, both as a single herb and in different polyherbal preparations. It is helpful for aches, diarrhea, fever, influenza, liver issues, dyspepsia, constipation, vomiting, diuretic, anthelmintic, leukoderma, diaphoretic, blood purification, and for jaundice when combined with black pepper. It has several different chemical components, including carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, phytosterols, fixed oils, saponins, steroids, tannins, and more. According to research investigations, this plant has a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, analgesic, anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, aphrodisiac, and therapeutic effects on biliary disorders and irritable bowel syndrome. This review focused on the chemical components and pharmacological properties of this plant, which may be useful in future molecular and phytochemical research for the development of medication formulations for the treatment of various ailments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fucoidans are promising sulfated polysaccharides isolated from marine sources that have piqued the interest of scientists in recent years due to their widespread use as a bioactive substance. Bioactive coatings and films, unsurprisingly, have seized these substances to create novel, culinary, therapeutic, and diagnostic bioactive nanomaterials. The applications of fucoidan and its composite nanomaterials have a wide variety of food as well as pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-thrombic, anti-coagulant, immunoregulatory, and anti-viral properties. Blends of fucoidan with other biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, curdlan, starch, etc., have shown promising coating and film-forming capabilities. A blending of biopolymers is a recommended approach to improve their anticipated properties. This review focuses on the fundamental knowledge and current development of fucoidan, fucoidan-based composite material for bioactive coatings and films, and their biological properties. In this article, fucoidan-based edible bioactive coatings and films expressed excellent mechanical strength that can prolong the shelf-life of food products and maintain their biodegradability. Additionally, these coatings and films showed numerous applications in the biomedical field and contribute to the economy. We hope this review can deliver the theoretical basis for the development of fucoidan-based bioactive material and films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]