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Approximately 40%-60% of all amputations are lower limb amputations (LLAs) related to diabetes mellitus (DM). The importance of quality of life (QoL) is increasingly recognized as after amputation. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare QoL (evaluated by Berg Balance Scale, BBS) in DM patients with unilateral transtibial amputation (TTA) using prosthesis (group A) with that of patients amputated due to other causes (group B). Overall, 32 patients completed two questionnaires: the 36-Item Health Survey (SF - 36) for QoL assessment and the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scale-Revised (TAPES-R). In group A, patients were significantly older (P <.05) with shorter periods of prosthesis use (P <.05) and had significantly lower (P =.008) adjustment to limitation (TAPES-R). Correlations were found between BBS score and SF-36, including physical functioning (P <.001, r = 0.682), energy and fatigue (P <.001, r = 0.643) and emotional well-being (P <.001, r = 0.644). In the TAPES-R, a large negative correlation was found between BBS and activity restriction (P =.001, r = -0.595). Poorer balance ability, greater activity limitation, and worse psychosocial adjustment to the prosthesis were found in patients with unilateral TTA and DM compared to TTA prosthesis users without DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is associated with a residual risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Extremely elevated triglyceride (TG) concentrations, particularly due to familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), pose a risk for acute pancreatitis. Standard therapies with statins, fibrates, omega-3 fatty acids, and niacin may be insufficient to reduce elevated TG levels and improve clinical outcomes in patients with HTG. Novel antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering ribonucleic acids target the key modulators of TG-rich lipoprotein catabolism. Among apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) inhibitors, olezarsen and plozasiran appear to be safer alternatives for volanesorsen regarding the risk of drug-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with FCS or severe HTG. After the failure of vupanorsen, a new angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) inhibitor, zodasiran, demonstrated the potential to decrease TG levels in patients with moderate HTG. Meanwhile, the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analog, pegozafermin, became another candidate for the treatment of severe HTG. This comprehensive review outlines pharmacological targets in TG-rich lipoprotein metabolism, discusses international guidelines, and summarizes the latest evidence from clinical trials to provide insight into the current and emerging treatment options for primary HTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editorial "Obesity: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives" discusses the global prevalence of obesity and its associated health risks, emphasizing the multifactorial nature of the disease. It highlights the impact of obesity on various health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and mental health. The editorial also explores recent advancements in pharmacotherapy, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists, for managing obesity and improving health outcomes. Additionally, it addresses the need for personalized treatment plans, lifestyle interventions, and the development of new drugs to address the challenges posed by obesity. [Extracted from the article]

The article addresses the increasing prevalence of metabolic dysregulation among people living with HIV (PLWH). Topics include the rising rates of obesity and diabetes mellitus in PLWH, the risk factors contributing to metabolic dysfunction, and the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the development of related co-morbidities like metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Background and Aims: Adequate lipid control has emerged as a key factor in the prevention and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Remnant cholesterol (RC), a lipoprotein with an established association with cardiovascular risk, has been investigated in the context of CKD. Given the conflicting results from recent studies, we performed this meta-analysis to summarize the existing evidence on the association between RC and CKD., Methods: Medline, Cochrane Library and Scopus were searched until 16 September 2024. Double-independent study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were performed. Evidence was pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. We set as primary end-point of interest the association between RC and CKD., Results: Twelve studies (4 139 674 participants) were included. Participants with RC values in the highest quantile had significantly greater odds of CKD compared to those in the lowest quantile (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26-1.68). In a sensitivity analysis confined to subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D), those in the higher RC quantile also exhibited significantly increased odds of CKD compared to those in the lowest quantile (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.20-1.78). A significant inverse association was observed between RC and estimated glomerular filtration rate (Mean Difference [MD] = -1.43 mL/min/1.73 m 2 for each 1 mmol/L increase in RC, 95% CI = [-2.67, -0.19]). Additionally, individuals with T2D-related CKD had a 24% increased risk of progression to end-stage renal disease for each 1 standard deviation increase in RC (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.04-1.47)., Conclusions: RC is directly associated with higher risk for CKD. Beyond traditional lipid markers, greater emphasis should be placed on RC levels in individuals with or at risk for CKD., (© 2025 The Author(s). Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) commonly leads to heart failure but has traditionally been an exclusion criterion in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i); therefore, the effects of these drugs in this population remain undocumented. In light of recent studies, this meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of SGLT2i on the prognosis of patients with ATTR-CM., Methods: A comprehensive search of Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library was conducted up to November 17, 2024. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were carried out independently by two investigators. Associations of SGLT2i with outcomes were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses., Results: A total of five studies (9766 participants, 4 propensity score-matched) were included. The use of SGLT2i was associated with significant reductions in all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) .54, 95% confidence interval (CI) .44-.66], cardiovascular mortality (HR .39, 95% CI .23-.65), major adverse cardiovascular events (HR .71, 95% CI .61-.83), and heart failure hospitalizations (HFHs) (HR .63, 95% CI .52-.77) compared to non-use. The odds of cardiac arrhythmias were significantly lower among SGLT2i users compared to non-users [odds ratio (OR) .73, 95% CI .65-.83]. Specifically, SGLT2i use was associated with significant reductions in the odds of atrial fibrillation (AF) (OR .75, 95% CI .62-.91), ventricular tachycardia (OR .72, 95% CI .59-.88), and sudden cardiac arrest (OR .71, 95% CI .50-.99)., Conclusions: The use of SGLT2is may be associated with a more favourable prognosis in patients with ATTR-CM. Adequately powered, long-term RCTs are required to validate the available observational evidence., (© 2025 The Author(s). European Journal of Clinical Investigation published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation.)