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Background: Elicitors induce defense mechanisms, triggering the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Irrigation has implications for a more sustainable viticulture and for grape composition. The aim was to investigate the influence on grape aroma composition during 2019 and 2020 of the foliar application of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nanoparticles and ACP doped with methyl jasmonate (ACP‐MeJ), as an elicitor, with rainfed or regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) grapevines. Results: In both growing seasons, nearly all terpenoids, C13 norisoprenoids, benzenoid compounds and alcohols increased with ACP‐MeJ under the RDI regimen. In 2019, under the rainfed regime, ACP treatment increased limonene, p‐cymene, α‐terpineol, 1,1,6‐trimethyl‐1,2‐dihydronaphthalene (TDN), 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol, (E,E)‐2,4‐heptadienal, and MeJ concentration in comparison with control grapes. In 2020, the rainfed regime treated with ACP‐MeJ only increased the nonanoic acid content. Grape volatile compounds were most influenced by season and watering status whereas the foliar application mainly affected the terpenoids. Conclusion: A RDI regime combined with the elicitor ACP‐MeJ application could improve the synthesis of certain important volatile compounds, such as p‐cymene, linalool, α‐terpineol, geranyl acetone, β‐ionone, 2‐phenylethanol, benzyl alcohol, and nonanoic acid in Monastrell grapes. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]