Search

Global electricity demand is increasing with the rising population and rapid urbanization. Building Integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system is a new method of renewable energy generation where solar photovoltaic (PV) modules are integrated into the building surfaces such as façade, shades, windows, roofs, and tiles. BIPV systems reduce the urban energy demand. Utilization of vertical surfaces makes the BIPV system a preferable choice where land scarcity affects the implementation of large PV systems. The economic viability depends on the maximum power generated by the BIPV array. In urban environments, the BIPV arrays experience severe partial shading conditions (PSCs). The PSCs cause mismatch losses, reducing the global maximum power of the BIPV array and efficiency. Fixed array configurations such as series-parallel (SP), total-cross-tied (TCT), triple-tied (TT), and quarter-tied (QT) are designed to solve this issue. The cross ties across the rows of the BIPV array improve the performance at the expense of more wiring. Researchers proposed various optimal array configurations with different shading patterns. This research attempts to generalize the design of the BIPV array configurations by considering the trade-off between wiring requirements and shading losses. The performance of SP, TT, QT, and TCT configurations under four different shading conditions is simulated with the proposed BIPV array design algorithm. A 9 × 8 BIPV array of 3.6 kW is considered. QT configuration reduces the wiring requirement by 10.45% compared to TCT and improves up to 8.43% maximum power than SP. The fill factor is improved to 48.49%, and the mismatch loss is limited to 34.10%. Therefore, QT and TCT are considered favorable configurations for BIPV array design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of electrical vehicles is increasing day by day to favor sustainability and mitigate energy crisis and provide an eco-friendly environment for the society. Transport in rural areas mainly depends on battery operated three wheeled vehicles (BoTV). Such vehicles are most reliable source of conveyance in rural India, especially in rural Bengal, mainly due to their lower road space requirement, easy navigation through narrow roads. Convenience of movement on any type of road with door-to-door transport. However, the charging of the batteries used in a BoTV system is becoming an alarming issue these days. Lead acid batteries are used in BoTV system because of its lower cost, but the main drawback is its longer charging period. To address such issues, the authors have proposed a modified fast charging topology in this paper. A solar powered asymmetrical half bridge rectifier with DC–DC energy recovery cell has been designed to minimize the charging time. Besides that, frequent shut down of electricity is the major problem of rural Bengal which hampers the battery charging as well as reduces the daily income of the BoTV operator. By using PV based fast charging techniques this problem can be solved leading to better sustainability. Zero-voltage switching (ZVS) technique is implemented in asymmetrical half bridge (AHB) to increase the charger power density to enhance the quality of charging. ZVS technology of AHB with energy recovery cell makes the charging method faster. According to the analysis and the results, it has been found that the overall charging time of the battery has been reduced by around 2.5 h per day and the savings of a BoTV operator has increased by at least ₹2350 ($28.23) per month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this communication, a hybrid MIMO antenna (combination of graphene and ceramic) is designed and investigated in THz frequency range. Circular Polarization is achieved by feeding the cylindrical ceramic using moon shaped aperture with L-shaped Microstrip line. Mutual coupling between the antenna ports has been reduced to − 25 dB by using the concept of polarization diversity. Graphene material is used to introduce the re-configurability in the proposed radiator. For avoiding the difficulty of simulation of radiator at THz regime (very high simulation time), machine learning algorithms i.e. Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Random Forest and XGBoost are utilized to predict the reflection coefficient and axial ratio of designed antenna. The designed radiator works from 2.4 to 3.1 THz with 3-dB axial ratio from 2.6 to 3.0 THz. Good value of diversity parameters and stable radiation features make the designed radiator appropriate for various wireless applications in THz frequency band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar photovoltaics have emerged as an economic source of renewable electricity generation for regions with high solar irradiation. Still, the installation of utility-scale PV systems is often disrupted due to the unavailability of land. Sparsely populated areas with a hot, dry climate can mitigate the land-energy conflict as they experience higher solar irradiation. In arid areas, the PV systems incur more losses due to dust deposition on PV modules and reduced energy conversion efficiency at higher temperatures. The shortage of water makes the module cleaning procedures cost-prohibitive. Floating Solar photovoltaic (FSPV) systems resolve these problems due to their reduced land footprint, higher efficiency, and reduce evaporative water loss. This study estimates the energy generation of a 4.8 MW FSPV-based microgrid in a hot, semi-arid urban area. By utilizing 5% area of the waterbody, the FSPV system yields 8.876 GWh of electricity annually, to meet 41.7% electricity demand of the study area. The system generates 16.7% more power compared to the land-based PV system. The performance ratio of 82%, and a DC capacity utilization factor of 20.3% is achieved. The system saves 52,810.32 m3 of water per year, compensating for the water requirement of 786.99 m3. for cleaning and dust removal of PV modules. The weekly cleaning procedure limits the soiling loss to 2.79%, compared to 8.47% after a month without cleaning. The FSPV-based microgrid reduces annual CO2 emissions by 2.93 tonnes. This study shall enable engineers, urban planners, and policymakers to develop clean energy-based, sustainable microgrid solutions for urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presents a new approach to address power quality concerns in microgrids (MGs) by employing a superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) and a fuzzy-based inverter. The integration of multiple power electronics converters in a microgrid typically increases total harmonic distortion (THD), which in turn results in power quality issues. Moreover, the intrinsic variability of solar and wind power sources gives rise to fluctuations in power generation, which consequently leads to power oscillations and voltage sag within microgrids that rely on renewable energy. This research paper introduces a technical approach to achieve power balance in renewable-based microgrids (MGs) by utilizing a fuzzy logic-controlled (FLC) pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter. The Microgrid (MG) consists of a hybrid photovoltaic (PV) system and a wind energy conversion system (WECS) that utilizes a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The system employs an optimal torque-controlled maximum power point technique (MPPT) algorithm to optimize power output. The battery energy storage system (BESS) is employed to facilitate power provision during critical scenarios or to ensure a stable power output for fluctuating loads. The SFCL is utilized as a device for voltage compensation in cases of voltage sag incidents. The effectiveness of the suggested control strategy is assessed by performing a comparative analysis of total harmonic distortion (THD) in the load voltage, with and without the utilization of a SFCL. The results suggest that the incorporation of an FLC inverter-SFCL-BESS system effectively mitigates THD and voltage sag, according to the requirements set by the IEEE 519 standards. The research study is carried out by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the MPPT algorithm for the proposed hybrid energy system, i.e., PV and wind systems, and is tested for grid-connected and standalone utilities. This study's major objective is to maximize the power output and enhance the power quality of the hybrid renewable energy technologies that have been created. In the literature, many research scholars have worked in the field of MPPT calculations for PV and wind systems, which increases the number of publications in the field of control calculations for hybrid power systems. This study pays attention to designing a controller based on MPPT for extracting maximum energy from wind and PV energy systems. The suggested algorithm is tested in grid and standalone modes, considering variable weather conditions. The proposed system is designed for 500 W solar and wind plants with the usual step-up converter and tested in MATLAB software to judge the efficacy of the suggested controller designed for MPPT. In this work, the suggested radial basis function network is implemented in wind and PV facilities via MPPT technique-based ANN control to obtain the maximum power by using fuzzy controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FSPV (Floating Solar Photovoltaic) is an emerging type of solar energy that aims to help the environment. Since the technology is new, it is not easy to examine the long-term performance, effective control, and feasibility studies of FSPV facilities. The calculation of FSPV panel parameters is crucial in evaluating the actual performance, long-term operation, feasibility, and carbon-saving capacity of FSPV systems. The algorithm of war strategy optimization is used for the parameter estimation of the single-diode model of FSPV. Furthermore, FSPV decreases the environmental impacts of land-based PV (LBPV) plants, such as deforestation for land clearance to install panels. The WSO method outperforms war gradient-based optimization (GBO) and Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) regarding effectiveness and accuracy. The WSO method is more effective and accurate than gradient-based optimization (GBO) and Harris Hawks optimization (HHO), with a standard deviation of 3.74387E–17 and a mean of 7.72985E–04. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of strengthening grid resilience has grown with the increase in environmental destruction and modern power grid complexity, as a consequence of power outages inflicted by human intrusion and extreme weather events. Micro-grids (MGs) have proven to be a viable alternative in such circumstances. However, these occurrences are highly unpredictable, resulting in unintended islands of MGs with negative consequences. As a response, alerting its distributed generations about unintended island is indeed a crucial issue for enhancing grid resilience with MG. Therefore, it is essential to develop a technique for the efficient and accurate detection of unintended islands. There has been an increase in the use of micro-phasor measurement units (µ-PMUs) in MG. In the perspective of this, using an efficient µ-PMU, the research provides a method for finding unintended islands in a MG. The µ-PMU analyses the solar generator bus voltage and analyzes it with symmetrical components for island identification. This study introduces a µ-PMU based Fortescue-transform and random forest algorithm method for rapid detection of unintended islanding in distribution generation system. The approach monitors voltage phasor of zero and negative sequence, calculating angular sum over time to distinguish islanding event from other disturbance. Using Matlab/Simulink, the proposed method is evaluated on the IEEE-34 node distribution network. Multiple simulations provide validation for the method’s resilient performance. The methodology proposed has a detection time of 20 ms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unplanned islanding of micro-grids is a significant barrier to supplying continuous power to key customers. The identification of the islanding moments must be rapid to enable the distributed generators (DG) to perform control measures in the shortest possible period. Micro phasor measuring units (µ-PMU) are gaining popularity in distribution systems and micro grids as a result of their ability to produce high-quality data at a high speed. These µ-PMUs can be utilized to detect islands. However, the µ-PMU relies heavily on the communication system for transmission of data, which is vulnerable to cyberattacks. In consideration of the previous technique, this research provides a smart island detection application with µ-PMU having lowered cyberattack probabilities. This representation is equipped with a µ-PMU implemented on the relevant DG’s bus. The voltage data acquired from these µ-PMUs are processed using the sequence transformation in order to simulate the sequence component angle. The angular sum of the negative and positive sequence components is evaluated and the maximum value is deployed for detection of islanding. MATLAB/Simulink tests the proposed approach through an IEEE-34 node distribution network. Multiple simulations demonstrate the robustness of the technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Distributed power flow controller can be considered as advance power flow controller which is combination of series and shunt compensator without DC link. In this paper Space vector Pulse width Modulation employs in Distributed power flow Controller for Harmonics Reduction and power quality improvement. A new technique SVPWM adopted which reduces the harmonics and the same time improves power quality and increase transient stability. In this paper a new technique of Multi objective Grey wolf algorithm used to optimize the controller parameter of DPFC. For the design of PI controller GWO algorithm can be used for better optimistic performance of DPFC. As a result of that power quality and voltage profile improves drastically and the same time harmonics also reduced remarkable level of 4.62% of Voltage THD and 1.8% of current THD. The simulation result and hardware model Prove the feasibility of proposed Configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotor turn short circuit fault of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) in the distribution system has a significant issue caused by unbalance loading. This fault has a significant electromagnetic impact on the rotor winding in relation to the machine’s external equipment. As a result, while designing the power system distribution network, the PMSMs rotor winding short circuit current limitation receives majority of attention. For simulation a 3-phase short-circuit model of synchronous generator is developed here by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Therefore, a method is used to determine a PMSM’s internal winding quantity in the event of a short circuit, as well as its location within the distribution network. The PMSM is energized with a small sinusoidal voltage at standstill situation in this suggested approach to compute the synchronous inductance and winding resistance through the output current. It has been demonstrated that the number of shorted windings may be calculated using the variation of output current caused by an internal winding short circuit event under zero fault resistance condition. Except for intricate machine modelling or investigation of machine internal winding short circuit models comprising several tappings, this useful technique can be used to determine fault intensity for a specific synchronous machine. This paper primarily addressed on fault extremity protection strategies using before-fault and after-fault activities by employing harmonic filters. A three-phase synchronous machine model with a protective system is implemented in the distribution network using MATLAB/SIMULINK is taken into consideration in order to verify the findings. The results presented in this work are vital to a complete solution that includes fault reduction techniques. Harmonics elimination and instant fault mitigation techniques with load unbalancing are analyzed based on effective outcomes to judge the system stability and feasibility of the short circuit current intensity assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a nine level (9-L) asymmetrical switched-capacitor multilevel inverter (ASCMLI) based induction heated (IH) autoclave for sterilization in medical applications is proposed. Due to the several benefits of multilevel inverter such as controlling of voltage magnitude and hence uniformity of heat is maintained at the load side as compared to conventional heating of autoclave. It has two common ground-connected dc voltage sources, which makes it ideal for usage in medical applications. Moreover, the development of a compact autoclave is carried out in this work that has a much reduced running time without sacrificing the quality of its sterilization. Further, the sterilization schedule for conventional and IH autoclave is presented in different temperature and pressure condition. The distributions of magnetic flux density and induced eddy current density in the multilevel inverter based IH autoclave were also exhibited. Finally, the performance of the proposed system are validated by simulation and experimental results obtained from a laboratory prototype setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]