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Zhihao Yan,1,* Zeyang Yang,2,* Xinyuan Xu,3 Chengjun Zhou,2 Qingsong Sang1 1School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Foreign Language College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Qingsong Sang, School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13956186006, Email s7210qs1@ahnu.edu.cn Chengjun Zhou, Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13057471246, Email zhouchengjun@suda.edu.cnPurpose: While previous cross-sectional studies have investigated the relationship between problematic online video watching and mental health issues, longitudinal studies exploring their bidirectional relationship remain relatively scarce. This study aimed to fill this gap by conducting a two-wave longitudinal design.Participants and Methods: Six hundred and ninety-nine first-year undergraduates voluntarily completed two rounds of questionnaire surveys assessing problematic online video watching, boredom proneness and loneliness with an interval of 4 months. To test the research hypotheses, cross-lagged panel models were performed using AMOS 24.0.Results: Our results revealed the that (1) Boredom proneness and problematic online video watching were mutually influenced. (2) Loneliness at T1 positively predicted the level of problematic online video watching at T2 but not vice versa. (3) Boredom proneness mediated the link between loneliness and problematic online video watching. (4) Chinese first-year undergraduates’ levels of problematic online video watching and boredom proneness significantly increased during their educational transition period from high school to university.Conclusion: The present study enhances our understanding of the dynamic relationships between problematic online video watching, boredom proneness and loneliness, highlighting the targeted prevention and interventions for first-year undergraduates.Keywords: problematic online video watching, boredom proneness, loneliness, cross-lagged panel model

A total of 479 wild blue swimming crabs, Portunus pelagicus were collected from north to south along the Vietnam coastline. Symbiont species of the crabs were determined using morphological and genetic characters, and the temporal and spatial variation pattern in the symbiont were examined. For the symbionts load, 17.95% of crabs were uninfected, 46.13% infected by 1–2 species, 27.33% infected by 3–5 species, and 8.56% infected by more than 5 species. Among the 18 symbiont species found, 6 comprise unidentified, and three probably new host records. Crabs from the center of Vietnam had 17 symbiont species, those from the north had 12, and those from the south had 13. The most common symbionts were pedunculate barnacles, Octolasmis angulata, its congeners (O. warwickii and O. neptuni), and the protozoan ciliate, Zoothamnium chlamydis. The nemertean, Carcinonemertes mitsukurii and the copepod, Choniosphaera indica are well-known egg eating parasites. Verrillactis paguri and Electroma papilionacea were exclusively found in central Vietnam and Triticella flavar occurred in the north only. The most common symbionts differed in prevalence and mean intensity across geographic localities, and sex differences were found. Epistylis sp. and C. mitsukurii differed in prevalence and mean intensity in the two host sexes, whereas O. angulata and O. warwickii intensity and prevalence, respectively, differed. Prevalence and mean intensity were positively correlated with crab sizes for O. angulata and C. mitsukurii. Combined host features (distribution, sex and size) against symbiont diversity were also detected to be significantly different. Considering the host-symbiont associations, diversity indexes did not show a clear connection between host features and symbiotic diversity.

Background and objectiveApproximately 16% of the global population, or 1.3 billion individuals, live with disabilities, facing increased health risks. Despite international and national policies affirming the rights of persons with disabilities, healthcare disparities persist, with studies revealing higher rates of unmet medical needs, avoidable deaths, and dissatisfaction with healthcare services among this population. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of health inequities experienced by individuals with disabilities globally.MethodsA rapid scoping review methodology was employed to systematically search and analyze quantitative evidence on health inequities. Electronic searches were conducted in CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases, supplemented by manual searches of reference lists. The selection criteria for articles in this study were as follows: (a) publication between 2011 and 2022, (b) written in English, (c) published in a peer-reviewed scholarly journal, and (d) a quantitative comparison of health inequities between persons with and without disabilities.ResultsA total of 363 scholarly works were initially identified, with 51 meeting the inclusion criteria after rigorous screening. In the course of our review, our team identified three overarching themes of health inequity, encompassing (a) access to healthcare and resources, (b) morbidity, mortality, & risk factors, and (c) social determinants of health. These studies collectively reveal disparities in healthcare access, utilization, and outcomes among persons with disabilities, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions to address systemic barriers and promote equitable healthcare provision.ConclusionThis review underscores the challenges faced by individuals with disabilities in accessing quality healthcare and imperative for concerted efforts to advance health equity.

Poor response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) remains an obstacle in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC). Super enhancers (SEs) are crucial for determining tumor cell survival under drug pressure. SE landscapes related to 5-FU-resistance are mapped to GC using chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-Seq). SiRNA transcription factors (TFs) screen determines master TF Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3 Group C Member 1 (NR3C1) activated by SE. High NR3C1 expression driven by SE correlated with 5-FU resistance in patient-derived organoids (PDOs). Phase separation formed by NR3C1 is observed using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). NR3C1 protein and Mediator promoted SE-related gene transcription via phase separation. SEs and NR3C1 co-binding patterns are explored using Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) sequencing. 5-FU-related genes driven by NR3C1 are identified using epigenetic reader inhibitor JQ1 and NR3C1 specific inhibitor Cort108297. NR3C1 knockdown increases 5-FU sensitivity and alters the SE landscape through enhancer reprogramming, reducing downstream 5-FU-related target genes. JQ1 and Cort108297 both improve 5-FU efficacy in PDOs and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) by destroying SEs or inhibiting NR3C1. In conclusion, SE-driven NR3C1 promotes 5-FU resistance in GC. SE destruction and NR3C1 inhibition lead to enhancer reconstruction and reduce 5-FU-related gene transcription, providing alternative therapeutic strategies for improving 5-FU sensitivity., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Polyporus umbellatus is a rare porous fungus that exhibits notable pharmacological activities. Particularly, due to its diuretic properties, it is considered an important source of targeted drugs for the treatment of kidney disease. Extensive research has been conducted on this fungus, focusing not only on its challenging cultivation techniques but also on its diverse array of medicinal ingredients, including polysaccharides and steroids. These active compounds demonstrate considerable variability and exhibit a wide range of medicinal properties. As a result, extracting, separating, and purifying these active compounds has become a subject of interest. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the types, structures, and physicochemical properties of these active compounds. Additionally, the medicinal effects of P. umbellatus are thoroughly examined, offering valuable insights into the utilization of its resources and the rational development of medical fungi., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© 2025 The Author(s). Engineering in Life Sciences published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Abelmoschus manihot L. (Jinhuakui, JHK) is widely cultivated for its pharmacological properties owing to its high flavonoid content and is commonly used as a garden landscape plant. However, the absence of an efficient genetic transformation system poses significant challenges for functional gene studies in this species. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a well-established technique for exploring plant gene functions; however, this technique has not been applied to JHK. Here, a tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-VIGS system was successfully developed for the first time in JHK using the gene encoding phytoene desaturase ( AmPDS ) as a marker gene. This study investigated the impact of various Agrobacterium infection methods on the efficiency of AmPDS silencing. The results demonstrated that administering two injections-the first on the day of complete cotyledon expansion and the second 14 days later-using pTRV1 and pTRV2- AmPDS cultures resuspended to an OD 600 of 1.0 and via the backside of the blade-led to significant photobleaching in the cotyledons 2 days after the second injection. Subsequent analyses revealed a marked reduction in both chlorophyll content and AmPDS expression. These findings suggest that a VIGS system was successfully developed in JHK, thus providing a rapid and effective method for studying gene function in this species and facilitating future research in JHK genetics.

Background: The evolution and development of flowers are biologically essential and of broad interest. Maize and sorghum have similar morphologies and phylogeny while harboring different inflorescence architecture. The difference in flower architecture between these two species is likely due to spatiotemporal gene expression regulation, and they are a good model for researching the evolution of flower development., Results: In this study, we generated single nucleus and spatial RNA-seq data for maize ear, tassel, and sorghum inflorescence. By combining single nucleus and spatial transcriptome, we can track the spatial expression of single nucleus cluster marker genes and map single nucleus clusters to spatial positions. This ability provides great power to annotate the single nucleus clusters. Combining the cell cluster resolved transcriptome comparison with genome alignment, our analysis suggested that maize ear and tassel inflorescence diversity is associated with the maize-specific whole genome duplication. Taking sorghum as the outgroup, it is likely that the loss of gene expression profiling contributes to the inflorescence diversity between tassel and ear, resulting in the unisexual flower architecture of maize. The sequence of highly expressed genes in the tassel is more conserved than the highly expressed genes in the ear., Conclusion: This study provides a high-resolution atlas of gene activity during inflorescence development and helps to unravel the potential evolution associated with the differentiation of the ear and tassel in maize., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

This study introduces a novel approach for the sensitive and accurate detection of small molecule metabolites, employing metal-phenolic network (MPN) functionalized AuNPs as both adsorbent and matrix to enhance laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) performance. The MPN comprising tannic acid (TA) and transition metal ions (Fe 3+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , or Zn 2+ ) was coated on the surface of AuNPs, forming metal-TA network-coated AuNPs (M-TA@AuNPs). The M-TA@AuNPs provided a tunable surface for specific interactions with analytes, displaying distinct enrichment efficacies for different amino acids, especially for Cu-TA@AuNPs exhibiting the highest affinity for histidine (His). Under the optimized condition, the proposed method enabled ultrasensitive detection of His, with good linearity (R 2  = 0.9627) in the low-concentration range (50 nM-1 μM) and a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.9 nM. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to detect His from human urine samples, showcasing its practical applications in clinical diagnostics, particularly in the realm of amino acid-based targeted metabolomics., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)