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Cannabidiol (CBD) is abundant in the Cannabis sativa plant and exhibits complex immunomodulatory, anxiolytic, antioxidant, and antiepileptic properties. Several studies suggest that CBD could be used for different purposes in alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-related injuries to the brain and the liver. In this study, we focused on analyzing transcriptional alterations in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) cell line challenged simultaneously with ethanol and CBD as an ethanol-protective agent. We aimed to expose the genes and pathways responsible for at least some of the CBD effects in those cells that can be related to the AUD. Transcriptome analysis was performed using HDFs cell line that expresses both cannabinoid receptors and can metabolize ethanol through alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Fibroblasts are also responsible for the progression of liver fibrosis, a common comorbidity in AUD. With the use of a cellular test, we found that CBD at the lowest applied concentration (0.75 μM) was able to stimulate depressed metabolism and reduce the level of apoptosis of cells treated with different concentrations of ethanol to the level observed in the control cells. Similar observations were made at the transcriptome level, in which cells treated with ethanol and CBD had similar expression profiles to the control cells. CBD also affects several genes connected with extracellular matrix formation (especially its collagen constituent), which can have potential implications for, e.g., fibrosis process., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethical statement No local ethics committee consent was needed for this study as it does not involve living humans or animal procedures. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can help clinicians pursue the differential diagnosis of various neurodegenerative diseases. It has become an invaluable diagnostic tool in routine clinical practice in conjunction with computed tomography (CT) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and biomarker studies. We present a single-institution case series and systematic literature review, showing how FDG-PET imaging has helped physicians diagnose neurodegenerative diseases and their mimickers and how patient care was amended. A single institution analysis and comprehensive literature search were completed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. These medical subjects' headings (MeSH) terms were used: "FDG-PET" AND "dementia" OR "Alzheimer's" OR "neurodegeneration" OR "frontotemporal dementia" OR "atypical parkinsonian syndrome" OR "primary progressive aphasia" OR "lewy body dementia." The inclusion criteria included studies with uncertain diagnoses of neurocognitive disease resolved with FDG-PET, PET/MRI, or PET/CT hybrid imaging. A literature search resulted in 3,976 articles. After considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 case reports and 1 case series were selected, representing 19 patients. The average age of patients was 70.8 years (range: 54-83 years). Five of the 19 patients were females. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) had the highest propensity for being misidentified as another neurodegenerative disease, followed by Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Without accurate molecular imaging, neurodegenerative diseases may be missed or misdiagnosed. Our single-institution case series and literature review demonstrate how FDG-PET brain imaging can be used to correct and clarify preexisting clinical diagnoses of neurodegenerative disease., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Huang, Sawicki, Habiger, Mattis, Gordon, Franceschi and Giliberto.)

Background: We undertook a human-centered design approach to design the OUTREACH study of home spirometry as a CF clinical trial endpoint. We conducted a qualitative needs assessment to elicit the perspectives of people with CF (PwCF) and research coordinators (RCs) about home spirometry in the research setting and co-produced written and video home spirometry instructions in partnership with representatives from these stakeholder groups., Methods: We conducted 7 focus groups of PwCF (N = 27), caregivers of children with CF (N = 6), or RCs (N = 24) to elicit current experiences, barriers and facilitators of home spirometry across 6 target areas, followed by discussion and prioritization. The co-production team, composed of 3 PwCF, 3 RCs and study team members created written and video training materials., Results: While most PwCF and caregivers found home spirometry convenient, many experienced technical barriers, reported a "learning curve", and expressed uncertainty about the quality and reliability of measurements. Major barriers identified by RCs included tailoring participant training to individual needs, scheduling remote coaching, and performing effective coaching remotely. Participants offered age-specific recommendations in key domains: training materials and procedures, remote coaching, monitoring progress and maintaining engagement. Co-produced training materials included handouts and videos on how to perform spirometry, and troubleshooting, cleaning, and maintaining home spirometers., Conclusions: The OUTREACH design was improved by incorporating results of the needs assessment. The home spirometry training materials are freely available for public use. We hope our results and materials can help to inform the design and success of remote clinical trials of the future., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest, (Copyright © 2024 European Cystic Fibrosis Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Mastitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease. The increase in antibiotic resistance of bacteria that cause mastitis means that cattle breeders would prefer to reduce the use of antibiotics. Recently, therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various sources have gained significant interest in the development of regenerative medicine in humans and animals, due to their extraordinary range of properties and functions. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of an allogeneic stem cells derived from bone marrow (BMSC) and adipose tissue (ADSC) in treating mastitis in dairy cattle. The research material consisted of milk and blood samples collected from 39 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows, 36 of which were classified as having mastitis, based on cytological evaluation of their milk. The experimental group was divided into subgroups according to the method of MSC administration: intravenous, intramammary, and intravenous + intramammary, and according to the allogeneic stem cells administered: BMSC and ADSC. The research material was collected at several time intervals: before the administration of stem cells, after 24 and 72 h, and after 7 days. Blood samples were collected to assess hematological parameters and the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while the milk samples were used for microbiological assessment and to determine the somatic cells count (SCC). The administration of allogeneic MSCs resulted in a reduction in the total number of bacterial cells, Staphylococcus aureus, bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae group, and a systematic decrease in SCC in milk. The therapeutic effect was achieved via intravenous + intramammary or intramammary administration., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy found in developed countries. Because therapy can be curative at first, early detection and diagnosis are crucial for successful treatment. Early diagnosis allows patients to avoid radical therapies and offers conservative management options. There are currently no proven biomarkers that predict the risk of disease occurrence, enable early identification or support prognostic evaluation. Consequently, there is increasing interest in discovering sensitive and specific biomarkers for the detection of endometrial cancer using noninvasive approaches., Content: Hormonal imbalance caused by unopposed estrogen affects the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis, which can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and carcinogenesis. In addition, due to their ability to cause oxidative stress, estradiol metabolites have both carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic properties. Catechol estrogens are converted to reactive quinones, resulting in oxidative DNA damage that can initiate the carcinogenic process. The molecular anticancer mechanisms are still not fully understood, but it has been established that some estradiol metabolites generate reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, resulting in nitro-oxidative stress that causes cancer cell cycle arrest or cell death. Therefore, identifying biomarkers that reflect this hormonal imbalance and the presence of endometrial cancer in minimally invasive or noninvasive samples such as blood or urine could significantly improve early detection and treatment outcomes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)