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This research investigates the synthesis and catalytic performance of Nd-doped Co3O4nanoparticles for the selective oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde. The incorporation of Nd3+ions into the Co3O4lattice led to structural modifications. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a spinel structure with the successful incorporation of Nd3+ions into the Co3O4lattice. SEM and TEM images revealed morphology of compound. UV-DRS analysis showed a blue shift in the band gap with increasing Nd doping. Photoluminescence studies indicated the presence of oxygen vacancies and their reduction with increasing Nd concentration. The catalytic activity of the Nd-doped Co3O4catalysts was evaluated under various reaction conditions. The enhanced catalytic performance was attributed to the synergistic effect of Nd3+doping, which increased the number of active sites and improved the redox properties of the catalyst. This work provides valuable insights into the design and development of efficient catalysts for selective oxidation reactions.