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Background: As operative techniques and the quality of implants are improving, surgical management of diaphyseal fractures of forearm bones in elderly patients is gaining widespread acceptance. Titanium elastic nailing system (TENS) provides flexural, axial, translational, and adequate rotational stability. This study aims to analyze the outcomes of the treatment of diaphyseal forearm bone fracture with TENS nail. Methods: Elderly patients with both-bone forearm (BBFA) fractures in diaphysis were evaluated clinically and radiologically and followed for an average of six months. The outcome was assessed using the Grace-Eversmann scoring system. We followed up with all 25 patients and evaluated them every two weeks until the fracture united. Results: After approval of the ethics committee, twenty-five elderly patients with AO type 22A3 and 22B3 fractures of the forearm bone who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken for the study. The mean age of the participants was 65 years. The average time to bone union was 12 weeks, and the average surgery time was 35 minutes. There was a superficial infection in one case. Most patients had a full range of elbow and wrist movements after the union. Conclusion: The TENS is an acceptable and good tachnique for displaced BBFA diaphyseal fractures in elderly patients. It is easy, cheap, and convenient and gives elastic mobility, promoting a rapid union of fractures and stability, which is ideal for early mobilization. It provides a lower complication rate, shorter surgery time, good cosmetic outcome, and easy implant removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Electric Discharge Machining (EDM), the material is eroded due to the generation of spark. It is mainly used for machining the materials which conduct the electric current. In this article, a thorough literature review is carried out to study the effect of control factors on response parameters such as cylindricity, circularity, surface roughness, material elimination rate and tool erosion rate in the profile created. Control factors which can be varied are tool material, voltage, current, Ton and Toff. In this review, a proper study has been done to find the process controlling parameters and the relationship between process parameter variables and optimisation of rate of material removal, rate of tool erosion and surface finish. The working principle, ionisation of dielectric fluid, removal of material, tool wear and overcut have also been considered. A detailed analysis has also been done on the basis of previously published research work linking with variants of EDM, limitations of EDM, work material, tool material, process parameters and optimisation methods used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aluminium alloys are extensively accepted and utilised in different engineering applications owing to their better ductility, light weight and low cost. Typically, the use of alumina (Al2O3), silicon carbide (SiC) and boron carbide (B4C) filler particles has shown significant interest among researchers in the development of different aluminium alloy matrix composites. The formation of stable aluminium alloy composites augmented with the aforementioned nano or micro-fillers showed excellent mechanical and tribological characteristics. The present article shows an exhaustive review on the influence of Al2O3, SiC and B4C filler particles on the prepared monolithic and hybrid aluminium alloy composites physio-mechanical properties. In addition, this review also covers discussion on the tribological properties, that is, wear and friction behaviour of monolithic and hybrid aluminium alloy composites. Finally, the future research directions and probable application domains are provided for the researchers working with aluminium alloy composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxadiazoles, especially 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds, stand among the foremost heterocyclic fragments with a broad spectrum of applications in diverse fields, including pharmacology, polymers, material science, and organic electronics, among others. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the pivotal synthetic strategies for 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives including dehydrogenative cyclization of 1,2-diacylhydrazines, oxidative cyclization of acylhydrazones, condensation cyclization, C-H activation of oxadiazole ring, decarboxylative cyclization and oxidative annulation along with plausible mechanisms. The set of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles selected from the literature and discussed herein epitomize the ease of synthesis as well as the possibility of linking π-conjugated groups; thereby encouraging the use of these molecules as important starting building blocks for a wide variety of fluorescent frameworks, particularly in the development of potential chemosensors. High photoluminescent quantum yield, excellent thermal and chemical stability, and the presence of potential coordination (N and O donor atoms) sites make these molecules a prominent choice for metal-ions sensors. An overview of selective metal-ion sensing, the detection limit along with the sensing mechanisms (photo-induced electron transfer, excited-state intramolecular proton transfer, and complex formation) is also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Glaucoma is one of the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Among the affected ones, approximately 50% are not aware of it, because of its asymptomatic nature, especially in the early stages. Ripasudil Hydrochloride Hydrate is a novel drug, being the Rho-associated coiled-coil- containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor eye drop that increases conventional aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm’s canal and thus lowers the intraocular pressure. Material and Methods: This prospective study included the first 150 consecutive eyes in patients of uncontrolled glaucoma with IOP > 21 mmHg despite maximal topical anti-glaucoma medications in at least one eye and aged eighteen or above. The patients with neovascular glaucoma, closed or barely open anterior chamber angle or with history of ocular surgery including refractive surgery were excluded. The purpose and nature of the study were explained in detail, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. Results: This study included 115 patients with 150 affected eyes. The mean age of patients in this series was 43.6 years with a range of 24-73 years. Right eye was affected in 47, left in 33 patients and the remaining 35 patients had bilateral involvement. The mean pachymetry was 521.13 μm in right eye and 523.53 μm in left eye and the mean cup disc ratio was 0.8 and 0.7 in right and left eye respectively. The mean baseline intraocular pressure in our series was 18.60 mmHg +- 7.60 mmHg. The mean IOP at six month follow up visit (final follow-up) was 11.83mmHg +- 4.45, which was statistically significant. The mean reductions in IOP at one month was 12.64mmHg, at 3 months follow up 12.07mmHg. Conclusion: The results of our study implies that ripasudil is a favourable anti glaucoma drug that can lower intraocular pressure. The additive pressure lowering effects of ripasudil in addition to existing maximal therapy can be because of different mechanism of action, it can delay or evade surgery in glaucoma. Transient conjunctival hyperaemia, not necessitating discontinuation was the most common complication in this series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]