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Eugenol has pharmacological properties, but its impact on renal function is limitedly studied. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of eugenol at 10, 20, and 40 mg Kg -1 , administered via gavage for 60 days, on histological, biochemical, oxidative, and proteomic parameters in rat kidneys. Adult Wistar rats treated with 10 mg Kg -1 of eugenol had kidneys with low total antioxidant capacity, high nitric oxide content, and high percentual of blood vessels, with no damage to renal function or morphology. The kidney proteome revealed an upregulation of proteins associated with energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function. Eugenol at 20 mg Kg -1 did not alter kidney histology but inhibited Na + /K + ATPase activity. This dose elicited an upregulation of proteins associated with mitochondrial function and cellular defense. Finally, 40 mg Kg -1 eugenol had more pronounced effects on the kidney, increasing serum sodium, potassium, and chloride levels, inhibiting Na + /K + ATPase activity, triggering an adaptive response to oxidative stress and showed apical brush border thinness in proximal tubules. We concluded that eugenol exerted dose-dependent effects on kidney function and morphology. These findings highlight the importance of careful consideration of eugenol's dosage in therapeutic applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest ☒ The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Question: How effective is an e-learning program based on international clinical guidelines in promoting beliefs more aligned with the current evidence for the management of low back pain among physiotherapists?, Design: Randomised controlled trial with concealed allocation and intention-to-treat analysis., Participants: 106 physiotherapists who treat patients with low back pain., Interventions: The experimental group received access to an e-learning program, based on recommendations of clinical practice guidelines for the management of low back pain, over a 6-week period. The program consisted of six units, totalling 15 hours, and was offered in a self-instructional and self-paced format. The control group was instructed to continue their activities as usual., Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was beliefs about low back pain measured using the Modified Back Beliefs Questionnaire (MBBQ, -50 worst to 50 best). Secondary outcomes included the Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ, -20 worst to 20 best) and agreement with two statements (1: X-rays or scans are necessary to get the best medical care for low back pain; 2: Everyone with low back pain should have spine imaging). Participants were evaluated at baseline and 6 weeks., Results: Out of 53 participants allocated to the e-learning program, two completed only the first unit and one did not complete any units, resulting in an overall adherence rate of 94%. Compared with control, the e-learning program improved the MBBQ (MD 8 points, 95% CI 5 to 10) and the Back-PAQ score (MD 3.1 points, 95% CI 1.8 to 4.3). For the imaging beliefs statements, the e-learning program was able to increase the proportion of participants with beliefs aligned with the current evidence (statement 1: RD 38%, 95% CI 21 to 52; statement 2: RD 17%, 95% CI 7 to 29) compared with the control group., Conclusion: The e-learning program based on recommendations of clinical practice guidelines for the management of low back pain improved physiotherapists' beliefs about the management of low back pain., Registration: NCT05661968., (Copyright © 2024 Australian Physiotherapy Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck essential oil on the growth, immune system, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Colossoma macropomum fingerlings. The experiment was conducted with five treatments (control diet, Tween80 diet, and diets supplemented with 200, 400, and 800 mg L -1 of C. sinensis essential oil) with four replicates. At the end of the experimental period, growth parameters were measured, and blood samples were collected for thrombogram, leukogram, and phagocytic activity analysis. A bacterial challenge with A. hydrophila was conducted for 96 h. C. macropomum fingerlings that were fed with 400 and 800 mg L -1 of C. sinensis essential oil had the highest growth parameters, with final weights of 533.18 ± 2.03 mg and 531.91 ± 2.67 mg, respectively, and an increase in the number of thrombocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils, as well as higher phagocytosis rates compared to the control group. Regarding the challenge, fish in the 400 and 800 mg L -1 treatments also exhibited the lowest cumulative mortality rate (26.66% ± 3.33%). Therefore, supplementation with C. sinensis essential oil promotes growth, improves health, and enhances resistance to A. hydrophila in C. macropomum fingerlings., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

This study aimed to explore the differences in the lipidome and mitochondrial fraction metabolome of Nellore cattle meat in different ranges of ultimate pH (pHu) normal (≤5.79), intermediate (5.80 to 6.19) and high (≥ 6.20) after 3- and 21-d postmortem. Instrumental color, myoglobin redox state, oxygen consumption, and metmyoglobin-reducing activity were measured during storage. A total of 472 lipids and 22 mitochondrial fraction metabolites were identified. Beef with high pHu showed positive regulation of ceramides involved in apoptosis and negative regulation of lipid classes related to membrane permeability and stability. In addition, lower carnitine content was noted in high-pHu beef than in normal-pHu beef. Acylcarnitines, phosphatidylinositol, and IMP showed upregulation in beef with intermediate pHu, indicating changes mainly related to energy, purine and pyruvate metabolism. Aging time impacted on the lipid content and metabolites involved in different metabolic pathways. These results provided new insights into beef's mitochondrial fraction lipid and metabolic profile with different pHu. In addition, beef with intermediate pHu differs from beef with high pHu due to changes in energy metabolism., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)