6 results on '"Smart, Simon M."'
Search Results
2. Co-located ecological data for exploring top- and subsoil carbon dynamics across grassland-woodland contrasts
- Author
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Reinsch, Sabine, primary, Lebron, Inma, additional, Brentegani, Michele, additional, Brooks, Milo, additional, Busi, Susheel Bhanu, additional, Cagnarini, Claudia, additional, Cooper, David, additional, Day, John, additional, Emmett, Bridget A., additional, Fitos, Eleonora, additional, Goodall, Tim, additional, Griffiths, Robert, additional, Jones, Briony, additional, Keenan, Patrick, additional, Keith, Aidan, additional, Lopes-Mazzetto, Josiane M., additional, Mason, Kelly E., additional, Pallett, Denise, additional, Pereira, M. Glória, additional, Pinder, Adam, additional, Robinson, David A., additional, Smart, Simon M., additional, Thomas, Amy, additional, Benham, Sue, additional, Vanguelova, Elena, additional, and Cosby, Bernhard J., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Elevated CO2 interacts with nutrient inputs to restructure plant communities in phosphorus‐limited grasslands
- Author
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Taylor, Christopher R., primary, England, Luke C., additional, Keane, J. Ben, additional, Davies, Jessica A. C., additional, Leake, Jonathan R., additional, Hartley, Iain P., additional, Smart, Simon M., additional, Janes‐Bassett, Victoria, additional, and Phoenix, Gareth K., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Elevated CO2 interacts with nutrient inputs to restructure plant communities in phosphorus‐limited grasslands.
- Author
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Taylor, Christopher R., England, Luke C., Keane, J. Ben, Davies, Jessica A. C., Leake, Jonathan R., Hartley, Iain P., Smart, Simon M., Janes‐Bassett, Victoria, and Phoenix, Gareth K.
- Subjects
PLANT communities ,ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide ,GRASSLANDS ,ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen ,PLATEAUS ,LIMESTONE ,SOIL mineralogy - Abstract
Globally pervasive increases in atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen (N) deposition could have substantial effects on plant communities, either directly or mediated by their interactions with soil nutrient limitation. While the direct consequences of N enrichment on plant communities are well documented, potential interactions with rising CO2 and globally widespread phosphorus (P) limitation remain poorly understood. We investigated the consequences of simultaneous elevated CO2 (eCO2) and N and P additions on grassland biodiversity, community and functional composition in P‐limited grasslands. We exposed soil‐turf monoliths from limestone and acidic grasslands that have received >25 years of N additions (3.5 and 14 g m−2 year−1) and 11 (limestone) or 25 (acidic) years of P additions (3.5 g m−2 year−1) to eCO2 (600 ppm) for 3 years. Across both grasslands, eCO2, N and P additions significantly changed community composition. Limestone communities were more responsive to eCO2 and saw significant functional shifts resulting from eCO2–nutrient interactions. Here, legume cover tripled in response to combined eCO2 and P additions, and combined eCO2 and N treatments shifted functional dominance from grasses to sedges. We suggest that eCO2 may disproportionately benefit P acquisition by sedges by subsidising the carbon cost of locally intense root exudation at the expense of co‐occurring grasses. In contrast, the functional composition of the acidic grassland was insensitive to eCO2 and its interactions with nutrient additions. Greater diversity of P‐acquisition strategies in the limestone grassland, combined with a more functionally even and diverse community, may contribute to the stronger responses compared to the acidic grassland. Our work suggests we may see large changes in the composition and biodiversity of P‐limited grasslands in response to eCO2 and its interactions with nutrient loading, particularly where these contain a high diversity of P‐acquisition strategies or developmentally young soils with sufficient bioavailable mineral P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Elevated CO 2 interacts with nutrient inputs to restructure plant communities in phosphorus-limited grasslands.
- Author
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Taylor CR, England LC, Keane JB, Davies JAC, Leake JR, Hartley IP, Smart SM, Janes-Bassett V, and Phoenix GK
- Subjects
- Phosphorus, Plants, Poaceae, Nitrogen, Soil chemistry, Calcium Carbonate, Grassland, Carbon Dioxide analysis
- Abstract
Globally pervasive increases in atmospheric CO
2 and nitrogen (N) deposition could have substantial effects on plant communities, either directly or mediated by their interactions with soil nutrient limitation. While the direct consequences of N enrichment on plant communities are well documented, potential interactions with rising CO2 and globally widespread phosphorus (P) limitation remain poorly understood. We investigated the consequences of simultaneous elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) and N and P additions on grassland biodiversity, community and functional composition in P-limited grasslands. We exposed soil-turf monoliths from limestone and acidic grasslands that have received >25 years of N additions (3.5 and 14 g m-2 year-1 ) and 11 (limestone) or 25 (acidic) years of P additions (3.5 g m-2 year-1 ) to eCO2 (600 ppm) for 3 years. Across both grasslands, eCO2 , N and P additions significantly changed community composition. Limestone communities were more responsive to eCO2 and saw significant functional shifts resulting from eCO2 -nutrient interactions. Here, legume cover tripled in response to combined eCO2 and P additions, and combined eCO2 and N treatments shifted functional dominance from grasses to sedges. We suggest that eCO2 may disproportionately benefit P acquisition by sedges by subsidising the carbon cost of locally intense root exudation at the expense of co-occurring grasses. In contrast, the functional composition of the acidic grassland was insensitive to eCO2 and its interactions with nutrient additions. Greater diversity of P-acquisition strategies in the limestone grassland, combined with a more functionally even and diverse community, may contribute to the stronger responses compared to the acidic grassland. Our work suggests we may see large changes in the composition and biodiversity of P-limited grasslands in response to eCO2 and its interactions with nutrient loading, particularly where these contain a high diversity of P-acquisition strategies or developmentally young soils with sufficient bioavailable mineral P., (© 2024 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Combining multiple investigative approaches to unravel functional responses to global change in the understorey of temperate forests.
- Author
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Landuyt D, Perring MP, Blondeel H, De Lombaerde E, Depauw L, Lorer E, Maes SL, Baeten L, Bergès L, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Brūmelis G, Brunet J, Chudomelová M, Czerepko J, Decocq G, den Ouden J, De Frenne P, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Fichtner A, Gawryś R, Härdtle W, Hédl R, Heinrichs S, Heinken T, Jaroszewicz B, Kirby K, Kopecký M, Máliš F, Macek M, Mitchell FJG, Naaf T, Petřík P, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Swierkosz K, Smart SM, Van Calster H, Vild O, Waller DM, Wulf M, and Verheyen K
- Subjects
- Trees, Plants, Nitrogen, Ecosystem, Forests
- Abstract
Plant communities are being exposed to changing environmental conditions all around the globe, leading to alterations in plant diversity, community composition, and ecosystem functioning. For herbaceous understorey communities in temperate forests, responses to global change are postulated to be complex, due to the presence of a tree layer that modulates understorey responses to external pressures such as climate change and changes in atmospheric nitrogen deposition rates. Multiple investigative approaches have been put forward as tools to detect, quantify and predict understorey responses to these global-change drivers, including, among others, distributed resurvey studies and manipulative experiments. These investigative approaches are generally designed and reported upon in isolation, while integration across investigative approaches is rarely considered. In this study, we integrate three investigative approaches (two complementary resurvey approaches and one experimental approach) to investigate how climate warming and changes in nitrogen deposition affect the functional composition of the understorey and how functional responses in the understorey are modulated by canopy disturbance, that is, changes in overstorey canopy openness over time. Our resurvey data reveal that most changes in understorey functional characteristics represent responses to changes in canopy openness with shifts in macroclimate temperature and aerial nitrogen deposition playing secondary roles. Contrary to expectations, we found little evidence that these drivers interact. In addition, experimental findings deviated from the observational findings, suggesting that the forces driving understorey change at the regional scale differ from those driving change at the forest floor (i.e., the experimental treatments). Our study demonstrates that different approaches need to be integrated to acquire a full picture of how understorey communities respond to global change., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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