Search

The geology of New York City (USA) consists primarily of metasedimentary rocks that were deformed during the series of orogenies between ca. 470 Ma and ca. 300 Ma that culminated in the amalgamation of Pangea. The rocks in New York City play a key role in understanding the tectonic history of these orogenies because they lie at a critical location at the boundary between the Northern and Southern Appalachian Mountains. The primary question addressed here is where these metasedimentary rocks originated prior to the assembly of Pangea. Through detrital zircon and whole-rock Nd isotope analyses, we show that all the metasedimentary rocks of New York City, mapped as the Manhattan Schist and the Hartland Group, are primarily derived from Laurentia as indicated by detrital zircon populations dominated by 1200-900 Ma grains and εNd values between -7 and -13. The results presented here do not necessitate an exclusively Laurentian source for the detrital material found in New York City, but the data strongly suggests protoliths represent sedimentary units that are primarily derived from the Laurentian margin. Another important result from this study is the limited contributions from any rift volcanics and/or Gondwanan material(s). There is some subtle variability across our zircon sample suite, but there is no convincing evidence for major changes in bulk provenance signal that would be consistent with derivation from vastly different continental sources for these rocks. The shared provenance signal observed here is counter to the previous suggestions that a major terrane boundary, often called Cameron's Line, exists in New York City, separating Laurentian rocks from those of a Gondwanan affinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjective: To systematically review the literature on the neurocognitive effects of drug use to determine if there are significant gender differences. Methods: In April 2023, we conducted a broad search in MEDLINE (via PubMed), PsycINFO, and Embase for original research studies that used objective neuropsychological assessment to evaluate neurocognition in persons with drug use. Data extraction was performed in a masked, duplicate fashion. Results: Our initial search returned 22,430 records, of which 273 articles were included in our analysis. We found significant underrepresentation of women as participants in the studies. Twenty-one percent of studies had exclusively male participants; when women were included, they averaged only 23% of the sample. Only 49 studies sufficiently documented an analysis of their results by gender; due to the heterogeneity in study characteristics, no conclusions about cognitive differences between women and men could be made. Conclusions: Women are significantly underrepresented in the research on cognition in drug use. Increased efforts to include more women participants and consistent analysis and reporting of data for potential gender differences will be required to close this gap in knowledge, which may lead to improved substance abuse treatment approaches for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]