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Abstract Peroxisomal l-bifunctional enzyme (EHHADH) plays a role in the classic peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation pathway; however, the relationship between EHHADH expression and diabetic kidney disease has not been well understood. Here, we found that endogenous EHHADH levels were strongly correlated with the progression and severity of diabetic nephropathy in T2D patients. EHHADH knockout mice exhibited worsened renal tubular injury in diabetic mice. Furthermore, EHHADH is a modulator of pexophagy. In renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) in vitro, the knockdown of EHHADH induced a dramatic loss of peroxisomes. The loss of peroxisomes in EHHADH-deficient RTECs was restored by either an autophagic inhibitor 3-methyladenine or bafilomycin A1 both in vitro and in vivo. NBR1 was required for pexophagy in EHHADH-knockdown cells, where the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased, while inhibition of ROS blocked pexophagy. In summary, our findings revealed EHHADH deficiency accelerated renal injury in DKD as a modulator of pexophagy.

Abstract Background Gastric cancer (GC) lacks serum biomarkers with clinical diagnostic value. Multi-omics analysis is an important approach to discovering cancer biomarkers. This study aimed to identify and validate serum biomarkers for GC diagnosis by cross-analysis of proteomics and transcriptomics datasets. Methods A cross-omics analysis was performed to identify overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between our previous aptamer-based GC serum proteomics dataset and the GC tissue RNA-Seq dataset in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, followed by lasso regression and random forest analysis to select key overlapping DEGs as candidate biomarkers for GC. The mRNA levels and diagnostic performance of these candidate biomarkers were analyzed in the original and independent GC datasets to select valuable candidate biomarkers. The valuable candidate biomarkers were subjected to bioinformatics analysis to select those closely associated with the biological behaviors of GC as potential biomarkers. The clinical diagnostic value of the potential biomarkers was validated using serum samples, and their expression levels and functions in GC cells were validated using in vitro cell experiments. Results Four candidate biomarkers (ILF2, PGM2L1, CHD7, and JCHAIN) were selected. Their mRNA levels differed significantly between tumor and normal tissues and showed different diagnostic performances for GC, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCs) of 0.629–0.950 in the TCGA dataset and 0.736–0.840 in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. In the bioinformatics analysis, only ILF2 (interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2) gene levels were associated with immune cell infiltration, some checkpoint gene expression, chemotherapy sensitivity, and immunotherapy response. Serum levels of ILF2 were higher in GC patients than in controls, with an AUROC of 0.944 for the diagnosis of GC, and it was also detected in the supernatants of GC cells. Knockdown of ILF2 by siRNA significantly reduced the proliferation and colony formation of GC cells. Overexpression of ILF2 significantly promotes the proliferation and colony formation of gastric cancer cells. Conclusions Trans-omics analysis of proteomics and transcriptomics is an efficient approach for discovering serum biomarkers, and ILF2 is a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target of gastric cancer.

Based on the fractional order sliding mode load observer, this paper presents an anti-disturbance speed control method of permanent magnet semi-direct drive transmission system for overhead manned equipment. The dynamic model of semi-direct drive transmission system is established using the Lagrange equation. Furthermore, the mathematical model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is established based on the coordinate transformation theory. Subsequently, the fractional order sliding mode observer (FOSMO), which combines nonsingular terminal sliding mode control and fractional order theory is designed to observe the load disturbance changes in the permanent magnet semi-direct drive transmission system. Then, the concept of “active damping” is used to design the speed loop PI controller, and combined with the designed FOSMO to construct the composite speed controller. The designed composite speed controller is further improved by the anti-saturation design and parameter optimization. The results demonstrate that the designed FOSMO can accurately estimate the load disturbance on the PMSM output shaft. Additionally, the designed composite speed controller can realize stable speed control in the case of complex load disturbance, which meets the anti-disturbance speed control requirements of the permanent magnet semi-direct drive transmission system, and the control system’s robustness is further enhanced by adding the anti-saturation link.

Salinity is a common abiotic stress in the culture of penaeid shrimp. Through post-transcriptional regulation of gene transcripts, microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the adaptation to a stressful environment. However, the involvement of miRNAs in the salinity stress response of shrimp remains unclear. In the present study, the sequence and expression profile of miRNAs in the hepatopancreas of low-salinity-treated Penaeus monodon were obtained by the high-throughput sequencing technique. A total of 679 miRNAs were identified, including 167 miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed after low-salinity exposure (p < 0.05). Remarkably, most of these miRNAs were downregulated, suggesting that a series of genes were activated to participate in stress response. In addition, 43 miRNAs differentially expressed at all treatment were selected as putative key modulators. Enrichment analysis of genes targeted by these miRNAs indicated that a network that consists of the nervous system, the immune system, and the endocrine system played a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of P. monodon under low-salinity stress. These findings may help contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism that regulates salinity tolerance in shrimp and provide valuable genetic information for subsequent studies.

Salinity is a crucial environmental factor influencing the survival, growth, development, and reproduction of aquatic animals. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the shrimp’s response to salinity stress are not yet fully understood. Therefore, we used the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform to perform transcriptome sequencing of the hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei under high-salinity (30 PSU), medium-salinity (10 PSU), and low-salinity (0.5 PSU) conditions. We obtained 63.23 Gb of high-quality data and identified 3589 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1638 upregulated and 1951 downregulated genes. Notably, a comparison between the control group (30 PSU) and the low-salinity group (0.5 PSU) revealed that the BBOX1 and CHE1 genes were significantly upregulated, while the ACOX1, MPV, CYP2L1, GCH, MVK, TREt1, and XDH genes were significantly downregulated. These genes are primarily involved in key metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid oxidation, cholesterol metabolism, and hormone synthesis and metabolism. The key genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, such as ACOX1, ACAD, HADH, HSD17B4, PECR, CROT, PIPOX, and CG5009, all showed a downward trend, suggesting that L. vannamei may respond to salt stress by regulating fatty acid oxidative metabolism, optimizing energy utilization, and maintaining cell homeostasis under low-salinity conditions. Functional annotation of gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis highlighted the roles of these significant DEGs in the adaptation of L. vannamei to environments of varying salinity, underscoring the importance of metabolic pathways in their adaptive physiological responses. This study provides a crucial molecular biological basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms and physiological protection strategies of L. vannamei under salinity stress.

Salinization of freshwater ecosystems is a pressing global issue. Changes in salinity can exert severe pressure on aquatic animals and jeopardize their survival. Procambarus clarkii is a valuable freshwater aquaculture species that exhibits some degree of salinity tolerance, making it an excellent research model for freshwater aquaculture species facing salinity stress. In the present study, crayfish were exposed to acute low salt (6 ppt) and high salt (18 ppt) conditions. The organisms were continuously monitored at 6, 24, and 72 h using RNA-Seq to investigate the mechanisms of salt stress resistance. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the crayfish responded to salinity stress with numerous differentially expressed genes, and most of different expression genes was observed in high salinity group for 24h. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that metabolic pathways were the primary response pathways in crayfish under salinity stress. This suggests that crayfish may use metabolic pathways to compensate for energy loss caused by osmotic stress. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed the differential expression of immune and antioxidant-related pathway genes under salinity stress, implying that salinity stress induces immune disorders in crayfish. More genes related to cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, such as the Foxo, Wnt, Hippo, and Notch signaling pathways, responded to high-salinity stress. This suggests that regulating the cellular replication cycle and accelerating apoptosis may be necessary for crayfish to cope with high-salinity stress. Additionally, we identified 36 solute carrier family (SLC) genes related to ion transport, depicting possible ion exchange mechanisms in crayfish under salinity stress. These findings aimed to establish a foundation for understanding crustacean responses to salinity stress and their osmoregulatory mechanisms.

The effects of three feed additives in a low fish meal diet on growth, antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbiota of Penaeus monodon were studied to enhance the understanding of these effects and to provide basic data and a reference for the formulation and optimization of feed for P. monodon. A total of 630 healthy, homogenous shrimp (4.58 ± 0.05 g) were randomly divided into seven groups with three replicates per group and 30 shrimp per replicate in a breeding barrel (500 L). The additive names and amounts were 0 (CT); vitamin B6, 100 mg/kg (V1); vitamin B6, 200 mg/kg (V2); phytase, 1000 U/kg (P1); phytase, 2000 U/kg (P2); 0.2% yucca extract (Y1); and 0.4% yucca extract (Y2). The experiment lasted 8 weeks. The results showed that compared to CT, V1 and Y1 had a significant increasing tendency toward weight gain (WG) (p < 0.05) and had a significant decreasing tendency in the food conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05). P2 had a significant increasing tendency in α-amylase activity (p < 0.05), and P1 had a significant increasing tendency in total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) (p < 0.05). The next-generation sequencing of intestinal microbiota showed that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in the seven groups, accounting for 29.33%, 56.67%, 55%, 45.33%, 73%, 39.33% and 64.33% of the total. Compared to CT, the Proteobacteria was significantly high (p < 0.05) in P2 and Y2, and the Bacteroidota in all other groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The functional prediction of FAPROTAX indicated that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in functional components among all groups. According to growth performance, antioxidant capacity and effects on intestinal microbiota, vitamin B6 (100 mg/kg), phytase (2000 U/kg) and yucca extract (0.2%) can be recommended as additives for the diet of P. monodon.

Litopenaeus vannamei stands out globally in aquaculture for its fast growth, broad salt tolerance, disease resistance, and high protein levels. Selective breeding requires the precise estimation of the variance components and genetic parameters for important traits. This study formed lineages from 20 full sibling families of L. vannamei, with progenitors from Thailand and the USA. We then assessed the genetic resilience traits of juvenile shrimp from these families to high ammonia-N, high pH, and low salinity by performing a 96 h acute toxicity test. Mortality rates for the families under 96 h exposure to high ammonia-N, high pH, and low salinity were 19.52–92.22%, 23.33–92.22%, and 19.33–80.00%, respectively, showing significant variance in stress tolerance among families (p < 0.05). Survival heritability estimates, using threshold male and female models, were 0.44 ± 0.12 in high ammonia-N, 0.41 ± 0.12 in high pH, and 0.27 ± 0.08 in low salinity, respectively. Genetic correlations between growth and stress resistance traits varied from 0.0137 ± 0.2406 to 0.8327 ± 0.0781, and phenotypic correlations ranged from 0.0019 ± 0.0590 to 0.6959 ± 0.0107, indicating a low-to-high positive correlation significant at (p < 0.05). It was found that the survival rate of families No. 2 and No. 9 was higher under high ammonia-N and high pH stresses, while the survival rate of family No. 10 was higher under low salinity stress after comparing two selection criteria, the breeding values and phenotypic values. Thus, these three families are identified as potential breeding program candidates. Through the creation of a genetic parameter estimation model, the genetic variances across mating combinations for stress resistance traits were obtained and families with heightened stress resistance were identified, laying the groundwork for enhanced genetic selection of L. vannamei.

The escalating demand for processed foods has led to the widespread industrial use of glucose isomerase (GI) for high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) production. This reliance on GIs necessitates continual Co2+ supplementation to sustain high catalytic activity across multiple reaction cycles. In this study, Serratia marcescens GI (SmGI) was immobilized onto surfaces of the metal-organic framework (MOF) material MOF (Co)-525 to generate MOF (Co)-525-GI for use in catalyzing glucose isomerization to generate fructose. Examination of MOF (Co)-525-GI structural features using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet spectroscopy revealed no structural changes after SmGI immobilization and the addition of Co2+. Notably, MOF (Co)-525-GI exhibited optimal catalytic activity at pH 7.5 and 70 °C, with a maximum reaction rate (Vmax) of 37.24 ± 1.91 μM/min and Km value of 46.25 ± 3.03 mM observed. Remarkably, immobilized SmGI exhibited sustained high catalytic activity over multiple cycles without continuous Co2+ infusion, retaining its molecular structure and 96.38% of its initial activity after six reaction cycles. These results underscore the potential of MOF (Co)-525-GI to serve as a safer and more efficient immobilized enzyme technology compared to traditional GI-based food-processing technologies.

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of the partial substitution of fish meal with soybean products and chicken meal on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbiota of Penaeus monodon. A total of 450 healthy, consistent shrimp were randomly divided into five groups, with three replicates per group and 30 shrimp per replicate. The proportion of fish meal substituted with soybean products and chicken meal in the five feed groups was 0% (FM), 40% (40SC), 60% (60SC), 80% (80SC) and 100% (100SC). The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed that, compared to the FM group, the 40SC and 60SC groups had a decrease in WG and SR, but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). In contrast, compared to the FM group, the FCR in the 100SC group was significantly increased (p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference among the FM and 40SC, 60SC and 80SC groups (p > 0.05). Compared to the FM group, the ACP in the 80SC and 100SC groups significantly increased (p < 0.05), while the 40SC and 60SC groups had no significant difference (p > 0.05). The AKP in the 100SC group was significantly higher than that in the FM group (p < 0.05), while there were no significant differences among the other four groups (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in T-AOC and T-SOD among all the treatment groups (p > 0.05). The next-generation sequencing of the intestinal microbiota showed that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in the five groups, accounting for 37.67%, 66%, 40%, 40% and 43.33%, respectively. Compared to the FM group, the Fusobacteriota in the other four groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The functional prediction of FAPROTAX indicated that no functional components were observed which are harmful to the body. Considering the effects on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbiota, it is feasible to use soybean products and chicken meal to replace 60% of fish meal in the feed of P. monodon.

Organisations that are going through transformative processes need to make sure that they have effective change management and employee engagement. Considering the function that transformational leadership plays as a mediator, this study aims to investigate the connection between employee engagement and the change management process. This research uses a crosssectional methodology and gathers information from a wide range of people working for various companies. Employee engagement, opinions of the change management process, and transformational leadership are all measured using a standard questionnaire. Statistically, statisticians use tools like mediation analysis and correlational testing to look into the purported links. Findings indicate a strong positive correlation between change management and the variables that inspire employee engagement. The research findings have also demonstrated that transformational leadership is an important mediator between organisational change management and employee engagement. This research suggests that transformational leaders can make employee engagement an even more powerful tool for effective change management. This study shed light on the need to develop transformational leadership skills and encourage employee participation in initiatives to bring about organisational change. Organisations should prioritise strategies that enhance employee engagement, such as communication, competition, environment, management support, innovation, job characteristics, organisational system, organisational structure, reward, and workplace well-being. Moreover, the success of change management activities can be improved by investing in leadership development programmes that aim to create transformational leadership behaviours. An empirical investigation of the function that transformational leadership plays as a mediator in the connection between the process of change management and employee engagement is the contribution that this study makes to the current body of research. Businesses can improve employee engagement and leadership practices during times of transformation if they shed light on this complex interplay and gain a more profound comprehension of the factors that drive successful change implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifteen whole sib families of the second-generation Penaeus monodon were constructed using artificial mating design in 2020. After labeling the families with fluorescent markers, the growth traits and genetic parameters were evaluated in a cement pond for 56 days. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of growth traits was 11.52-47.53%, indicating a high genetic variation. The heritability range of growth traits of the G2 population of P. monodon was 0.25±0.03-0.41±0.13, which belonged to medium and high heritability, and the statistical test results were significant (P<0.01). The heritability of body length and body weight were 0.38±0.11 and 0.41±0.13, respectively. The evaluation results of genetic correlation among growth traits were highly positive, and the statistical test results were significant (P<0.01). The genetic correlation between body weight and body length was the highest (0.99), and the genetic correlation between the width of the first carapace and the height of the first abdominal segment was the lowest (0.71). The phenotypic correlation between body weight and body length was the highest (0.93), and the lowest was head breastplate width and first abdominal segment height (0.53). These results showed that the G2 generation population of P. monodon has high genetic improvement potential, and the combination of family selection and individual selection achieved better genetic gain. The growth traits were highly positively correlated. Body length and body weight could be selected as the key traits for fast growth line selection, while the other growth traits could be indirectly selected through positive genetic correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the mechanism of Wenshen Xuanbi Decoction (WSXB) in treating osteoarthritis (OA) via network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis, and experimental verification. The active components and prediction targets of WSXB were obtained from the TCMSP database and Swiss Target Prediction website, respectively. OA-related genes were retrieved from GeneCards and OMIM databases. Protein-protein interaction and functional enrichment analyses were performed, resulting in the construction of the Herb-Component-Target network. In addition, differential genes of OA were obtained from the GEO database to verify the potential mechanism of WSXB in OA treatment. Subsequently, potential active components were subjected to molecular verification with the hub targets. Finally, we selected the most crucial hub targets and pathways for experimental verification in vitro. The active components in the study included quercetin, linolenic acid, methyl linoleate, isobergapten, and beta-sitosterol. AKT1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)- 6, GAPDH, and CTNNB1 were identified as the most crucial hub targets. Molecular docking revealed that the active components and hub targets exhibited strong binding energy. Experimental verification demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-6, IL-17, and TNF in the WSXB group were lower than those in the KOA group (p < 0.05). WSXB exhibits a chondroprotective effect on OA and delays disease progression. The mechanism is potentially related to the suppression of IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways and the down-regulation of IL-6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the drum screening of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim (FUM), collisions between FUM bulbs are the main cause of mechanical damage. The effects of the mass relationship and the position, direction, and height of the collision on the absorbed energy and mass–loss ratio of FUM were analyzed through collision tests. The results of the constructed regression models showed that the collision direction has no significant effect on the mass–loss ratio, whereas the mass relationship and the position, direction, and height of the collision showed significance. Under different mass relationships, the collision positions and direction, and the collision height are positively correlated with the absorbed energy and mass–loss ratio, and the absorbed energy is also positively correlated with the mass–loss ratio. In addition, the influence of the mass relationship and collision height, position, and direction on the absorbed energy are highly significant. The research findings serve as a valuable reference for designing and developing low‐loss drum screening processes. Practical applications: Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim (FUM) is a traditional Chinese medicine. The planting area is wide and the economic benefit is high. The annual economic benefit for farmers is about 1.8 billion yuan. However, the existing production method has a low degree of mechanization, especially the harvest stage, which mainly relies on manual harvesting, is limited by the number of labor force and the harvest time is in the rainy season (FUM is easily spoiled in water), which is easy to cause economic losses. To determine better working parameters, the damage factors of FUM during screening were analyzed by developing and testing the drum‐type FUM harvester. It is helpful to improve the production efficiency of FUM, and reduce the labor demand and the damage of screening to FUM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Many experiments have been performed to study the heating properties of concrete under microwave irradiation. Microwave provides the non-uniform heating process, which cannot be reflected clearly through the experimental investigations. In this paper, a theoretical method is presented to investigate the electromagnetic-thermal coupling process of double-layer cylindrical concrete under microwave heating. The wave transmission and reflection were considered. An analytic solution is presented to predict transient heating process within a 3-dimensional double-layer concrete model induced by microwave heating. The inner aggregate is a microwave high loss material and the outer mortar was microwave low loss medium. Poynting theorem was employed to calculate the electric field distribution and microwave energy loss within concrete. Transient heat transfer process with an internal microwave heat source was investigated based on the classical heat transfer theory by employing integral transform technique. The results indicate that microwave heating effect depend on the concrete size, dielectric properties as well as microwave energy input. The temperature gradient was formed at the mortar-aggregate interface, which varied with the microwave heating parameters inputs. The analytical study will provide significant insight to promote the understanding of electric and temperature field in the two-layer composite concrete materials under microwave heating.

Background: Currently, cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) -assisted lipotransfer have been used to overcome the low survival rate of conventional lipotransfer. However, there is still insufficient evidence to determine which technique is the best strategy for autologous fat grafting in breast cosmetic and reconstructive surgery., Objective: The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of traditional fat transplantation, CAL, and PRP-assisted lipotransfer., Methods: A systematic search was conducted in several databases including PUBMED, Web of Science, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov, and EMBASE from January 21, 2024, to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria. Twelve studies were included after a rigorous selection process based on predefined criteria. Statistical analyses were conducted using R Ver. 4.0.5 with the netmeta and dmetar packages, employing a frequentist approach with a random-effects model. A network meta-analysis was performed to compare different fat graft procedures regarding fat survival rate and complication events. The review protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024501780)., Results: The results indicate that CAL and PRP-assisted lipotransfer are better than traditional fat grafts in terms of fat survival rate. And there is no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the CAL group, PRP group, and traditional group., Conclusion: Based on the results of network meta-analysis, it appears that both CAL and PRP-assisted lipotransfer have a higher fat survival rate for autologous fat grafting in breast augmentation and reconstruction. However, the transplantation strategy still needs to be analyzed based on actual conditions in clinical applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of Interest Statement: All authors states that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.)

Introduction: Immunotherapies targeting T cells in solid cancers are revolutionizing clinical treatment. Novel immunotherapies have had extremely limited benefit for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we characterized the immune microenvironment of t(8;21) AML patients to determine how immune cell infiltration status influenced prognosis., Methods: Through multi-omics studies of primary and longitudinal t(8;21) AML samples, we characterized the heterogeneous immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment and their immune checkpoint gene expression. Further external cohorts were also included in this research., Results: CD8+ T cells were enriched and HAVCR2 and TIGIT were upregulated in the CD34 + CD117 dim %-High group; these features are known to be associated with immune exhaustion. Data integration analysis of single-cell dynamics revealed that a subset of T cells (cluster&#95;2) (highly expressing GZMB, NKG7, PRF1 and GNLY ) evolved and expanded markedly in the drug-resistant stage after relapse. External cohort analysis confirmed that the cluster&#95;2 T-cell signature could be utilized to stratify patients by overall survival outcome., Discussion: In conclusion, we discovered a distinct T-cell signature by scRNA-seq that was correlated with disease progression and drug resistance. Our research provides a novel system for classifying patients based on their immune microenvironment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Li, Song, Dai, Zhang, Zhao, Mao, Gao, Jiang and Liang.)

Objective: This study aims to use structural equation modeling to explore the pathways and effect sizes of factors influencing the adherence of postoperative patients with digestive tract tumor to oral nutritional supplements, providing a theoretical basis for future nursing intervention measures., Methods: A total of 300 postoperative patients with digestive tract tumor within 30 days after surgery were conveniently sampled. Surveys were conducted using a General Information Questionnaire, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, Digestive System Tumor Patient Nutrition Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior Questionnaire, Multidimensional Social Perception Scale, Beliefs about Medical Questionnaire, and General Self-Efficacy Scale. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the factors and pathways affecting adherence with oral nutritional supplements., Results: The adherence score of postoperative patients with digestive tract tumor to oral nutritional supplements was 1.61 ± 1.38. The structural equation model had a good fit (χ 2 /df = 2.685, GFI = 0.930, CFI = 0.913, AGFI = 0.887, IFI = 0.915, and RMSEA = 0.075). Nutrition knowledge, social support, medication beliefs, and self-efficacy were found to be factors influencing adherence with oral nutritional supplements in postoperative patients with digestive tract tumor, with total effects of 0.539, 0.264, 0.215, and 0.180, respectively. Nutrition knowledge indirectly affected adherence through self-efficacy and medication beliefs, while social support indirectly affected adherence through self-efficacy., Conclusion: Adherence with oral nutritional supplements in postoperative patients with digestive tract tumor is at a low level. Improving social support, enhancing patients nutrition knowledge, increasing self-efficacy, and strengthening medication beliefs are effective ways to improve patient adherence., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: The period of standardized training is a transitional stage when Generation Z newly graduated registered nurses (Gen Z NGRNs) change their role from student to nurse. Affected by the COVID-19, they lack clinical practice and practicum experience in emergency departments in their university studies. At the beginning of career, they are under great pressure. Resilience is one of the factors that reduce their stress level and increases endurance. It is of interest to understand how this representative group of nurses gained and played the experience of resilience early in their careers., Objective: To explore Gen Z NGRNs' experience and process of resilience, to provide a new perspective and theoretical basis for psychological rehabilitation or intervention of medical staff who experienced transition shock., Methods: This study employed a qualitative design based on the phenomenological approach. 18 nurses from a third-level class-A hospital in Shanghai who participated in standardized training in emergency department were enrolled using purposive sampling. Data collection was through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and continued until reaching data saturation., Results: The investigation uncovered three themes and ten subthemes. Pressure and challenge contained high workload and high risk coexist, death's stress response, more emergencies and high professional requirements. Coping and adaptation contained team help, psychological restructuring, peer support, transformational leadership. Reflection and planning contained enhance learning, appreciate life., Conclusions: Our study described the embodiment and coping experience of the physical and mental stress faced by Gen Z NGRNs during their standardized training in the emergency department. It is emphasized that nurse educators should pay attention to the character and actual needs of Gen Z NGRNs, explore and formulate strategies, so as to guide NGRNs to quickly adapt and grow in the new role. The ultimate goal is to increase nurse retention and improve the quality of nursing., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Patient safety is a top priority for the global healthcare system and a prerequisite for high-quality nursing care. In China, newly graduated registered nurses are required to receive two years of standardized training to ensure patient safety. The pre-service safety training program aims to provide safe, high-quality, and effective nursing care. However, perceptions and experiences of newly graduated registered nurses on pre-service safety training programs have not yet been explored., Objectives: To investigate newly graduated registered nurses' perceptions and experiences of the pre-service safety training program in a tertiary hospital in China., Design: A phenomenological approach was used for this qualitative study., Settings: Tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China., Participants: A total of 19 newly graduated registered nurses who participated in the pre-service safety training program., Methods: Data were collected using semi-structured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews and analyzed using the Colaizzi seven-step framework., Results: Three themes and nine sub-themes emerged: (1) satisfaction with the approaches and content of the training, (2) gaining benefits and growth, and (3) suggestions for the training., Conclusion: It is meaningful for newly graduated registered nurses to receive safety training before entering clinical practice and was praised by participants for helping them improve safety competence and change safety behaviors. Continuing safety training and optimizing the training modules and evaluation methods will maximize the effectiveness of safety training., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that the research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the post-traumatic growth of emergency nurses (ENs) in Shanghai, China, in 2022 following the COVID-19 pandemic., Design: A phenomenological qualitative research approach was employed, with 17 ENs being interviewed between July and August 2022. Data collection was conducted through semistructured, in-depth interviews, and data analysis was carried out using the Colaizzi's seven-step analysis method., Setting: A third-level hospital in Shanghai., Participants: A total of 17 ENs were interviewed through face-to-face, semistructured, in-depth interviews., Results: Three main themes and eight subthemes were extracted from the data: (a) stress, (b) restructuring and (c) growth., Conclusion: Significant stress was imposed on ENs by the Shanghai COVID-19 pandemic, but cognitive restructuring was successfully undergone by them, leading to the experience of growth. It is recommended that post-traumatic growth levels be enhanced through professional psychological counselling and tailored support measures for different stages., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)