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Substance use during pregnancy is associated with poor neonatal outcomes. Women incarcerated during pregnancy may have a history of substance use, and their babies may be at risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). This study examines the incidence of NAS and other outcomes in infants born to currently or formerly incarcerated women. Infants born between 1985 and 2011 in Western Australia were divided into three mutually exclusive groups: born to women incarcerated during pregnancy (n = 708); born within 9–24 months of the mother's release from prison (n = 651); and born to women who were never incarcerated (n = 17,712). The impact of the timing of incarceration during pregnancy was also examined. Neonatal outcomes (NAS, preterm birth, low birthweight, infant mortality and admission to special care nursery) were compared using logistic regression. Infants born to currently or recently incarcerated women had higher odds of all adverse outcomes than infants in the nonexposed group. Infants born to women incarcerated during the second or third trimester (but not the month of birth) had poorer outcomes than infants born to women incarcerated during the month of birth. The findings show that babies born to currently or formerly incarcerated women are equally likely to experience adverse neonatal outcomes. Enhanced maternal healthcare must be provided during incarceration and after release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Somatic Symptom Disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes the experience of physical symptoms and associated distress, that is disproportionate to recognized organic pathology. Somatic symptom severity (SSS) may be associated with some surgical diagnoses; particularly the complex pain associated with pancreatitis, or the diagnostic ambiguity of undifferentiated abdominal pain (UAP). We aimed to estimate the prevalence of SSS in different diagnostic groups in surgical inpatients with abdominal pain; and to estimate the magnitude and direction of any association of SSS, anxiety and depression. Methods: Cross sectional analysis (n = 465) of adult admissions with non‐traumatic abdominal pain, at a tertiary hospital in Australia. We estimated SSS with the Patient Health Questionnaire‐15 (PHQ‐15), depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) and anxiety with the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD‐7), at standard cut‐points ≥ 10; comparing acute pancreatitis (n = 20), chronic pancreatitis (n = 18) and UAP (n = 64) versus other causes of abdominal pain. Results: Somatic symptoms were common, 52% having moderate and 19.6% severe SSS. There was an association between moderate SSS and pancreatitis (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.05–4.25) and depressive symptoms and chronic pancreatitis (OR = 3.47, 95% CI 1.31–9.24). There was no significant association between the four mental health categories and UAP. Conclusions: SSS and psychological comorbidity were common in a surgical inpatients admitted for abdominal pain and equally represented across most diagnostic sub‐groups. However, the pancreatitis sub‐group had greater proportions with clinically significant SSS and depression, suggesting that they have a higher requirement for psychological assessment and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between work-related factors at baseline and the risk of common mental disorder at 12 month follow-up among a cohort of junior doctors. Method: The data comprised the junior doctor respondents from two annual waves of the 'Medicine in Australia: Balancing Employment and Life' (MABEL) survey, a national longitudinal cohort of Australian doctors. Individual and work-related risk factors were assessed at baseline and the mental health outcome of caseness of common mental disorder (CMD) was assessed using the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale at 12-month follow-up. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions were conducted to estimate the association between each baseline variable and the likelihood of CMD caseness at follow-up 1 year later. Results: Among 383 junior doctors, 24 (6%) had CMD 1 year later. Five work-related baseline variables were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of CMD 1 year later in adjusted models; lack of social support in work location (odds ratios (OR) = 6.11; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = [2.52, 14.81]), work-life imbalance (OR = 4.50; 95% CI = [1.31, 15.46]), poor peer support network in the workplace (OR = 2.61; 95% CI = [1.08, 6.27]), perceptions of patient expectations (OR = 2.46; 95% CI = [1.06, 5.71]) and total weekly work hours (OR 1.04; 95% CI = [1.01, 1.07]; p = 0.002)in models adjusting for gender. Conclusion: These results identify key modifiable work-related factors that are associated with junior doctors' future mental health. Our findings suggest the need for a greater focus upon interpersonal factors and work-life balance in multi-level interventions while continuing to address workplace and system-level factors to prevent future mental disorder in junior doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workers' compensation systems aim to financially support injured workers. However, seeking compensation often leads to poorer physical and mental health outcomes. This review examines previous studies to investigate the relationship between workers' compensation and mental health and self-harm outcomes. A three-tiered search strategy across five databases identified studies that examined workers' compensation claims as an exposure or risk factor, with outcomes related to mental health, self-harm and suicidality. Nine full-text studies were included; however, heterogeneity limited generalizability. Most studies supported an association between pursuing compensation and poorer mental health and self-harm outcomes. Some studies attributed this to specific aspects of the system such as justice perception and navigation of the claims system. Findings suggest an association between workers' compensation and mental health or self-harm outcomes. Inconclusive findings highlight the need for further research. Understanding the psychiatric impacts of pursuing compensation is crucial to help formulate a more accessible compensation system., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.