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Carbon fibers/poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) (CF/PEEK) composites have the advantages of excellent impact resistance, good moisture and heat resistance, ultra‐short molding cycle and recyclable secondary processing. Therefore, the investigation on CF/PEEK composites is an important development direction of low‐cost and high‐performance polymer‐based composites. However, due to the strong surface inertness of CF and the poor interface compatibility between CF and PEEK matrix, the mechanical properties of CF/PEEK composites are low. Moreover, PEEK matrix has the high melting point and large viscosity, making the processing of CF/PEEK composites very difficult. In this paper, the factors affecting the interfacial properties of CF/PEEK composites, the surface functionalization modification methods of CF, and the design & synthesis of interfacial compatibilizer are reviewed. The research progress and related academic achievements in interfacial strengthening and additive manufacturing technology of CF/PEEK composites are emphatically discussed. Finally, the development trends and application prospects of CF/PEEK composites are summarized. Highlights: CF/PEEK composite is the key material for industry and infrastructure.The factors affecting the interface interaction between PEEK and CF.The methods of interface strengthening for CF/PEEK composites.The additive manufacturing technology of CF/PEEK composites.The development trends and application of CF/PEEK composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GaOx devices have been extensively explored for applications such as power devices and solar blind detectors, based on their wide bandgap. In this study, we investigated the synaptic properties of the amorphous gallium oxide (a-GaOx)- based memristor with a W/WOx/a-GaOx/ITO structure, in which a-GaOx are deposited by RF magnetic sputtering at ambient temperature. The structure and components of a-GaOx are characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, and EDS. The electrical test indicates that W/WOx/a-GaOx is ohmic due to the thin WOx layer with a high concentration of oxygen vacancies. Consequently, the synaptic characteristics of the W/WOx/a-GaOx/ITO memristor depend on both the a-GaOx layer itself and the a-GaOx/ITO junction. The fitting results indicate that the a-GaOx/ITO junction is Schottky with unidirectional conductive properties. However, the elevated defect density results in a larger current for the reverse-biased a-GaOx/ITO junction. Moreover, adjusting the thickness of a-GaOx allows the device to achieve almost symmetrical forward and reverse currents. We have successfully observed typical synaptic characteristics in W/WOx/a-GaOx/ITO when stimulated by consecutive spike signals. Clearly, through careful design considerations regarding the structure and parameters, we have realized superior synaptic performance in a-GaOx-based memristors. This achievement shows that amorphous GaOx has great potential applications in neuromorphic computation chips for artificial intelligence or the Internet of Things in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autophagy is essential for eliminating aging and organelle damage that maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, the dysfunction of autophagy has been proven in hair loss such as AGA. Despite the crucial role of TRPML channels in regulating autophagy, their specific function in hair growth remains unclarified. To investigate the biological functions and associated molecular mechanisms of TRPMLs in hair growth, Animal experiments were conducted to confirm the function of TRLMLs activation in promoting hair growth. Subsequently, we analyzed molecular mechanisms in human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) activated by TRPMLs through transcriptome sequencing analysis. MLSA1(a TRPML agonist) promoted hair regeneration and accelerated hair cycle transition in mice. The activation of TRPMLs upregulated calcium signaling inducing hDPCs to secrete hair growth promoting factors and decrease hair growth inhibiting factors. In addition, activation of TRPMLs triggered autophagy and reduced the generation of ROS, thereby delaying the senescence of hDPCs. All these findings suggested that TRPMLs activation could promote hair growth by regulating hDPCs secretion of hair growth-related factors. Moreover, it may play a prominent role in preventing hDPCs from ROS damage induced by H 2 O 2 or DHT. Targeting TRPMLs may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treating hair loss. • TRPMLs promotes hair regeneration and transition of hair cycle from telogen to anagen. • Differential expressions of TRPMLs in hair cycle reveals its importance in hair biology. • TRPMLs upregulated hair growth-related genes expression in dermal papilla cells. • Autophagy induced by TRPMLs could be involved in delaying cell stress and aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piperine (PIP) has been known for its pharmacological activities with low water solubility and poor dissolution, which limits its nutritional application. The purpose of this research was to enhance PIP stability, dispersibility and biological activity by preparing PIP nanoparticles using the wet-media milling approach combined with nanosuspension solidification methods of spray/freeze drying. Octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)-modified waxy maize starch was applied as the stabilizer to suppress aggregation of PIP nanoparticles. The particle size, redispersibility, storage stability and in vitro release behavior of PIP nanoparticles were measured. The regulating effect on adipocyte differentiation was evaluated using 3T3-L1 cell model. Results showed that PIP nanoparticles had a reduced particle size of 60 ± 1 nm, increased release rate in the simulated gastric (SGF) and intestinal fluids (SIF) and enhanced inhibition effect on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells compared with free PIP, indicating that PIP-loaded nanoparticles with improved stability and anti-adipogenic property were developed successfully by combining wet-media milling and drying methods. [Display omitted] • The PIP nanoparticles were prepared by media milling combined with drying processes. • OSA-modified starch was added as a stabilizer to prevent the aggregation of PIP nanoparticles. • Stability, redispersibility and release of PIP nanoparticles were improved. • PIP nanoparticles exhibited enhanced anti-adipogenic activity in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The imaging sensor can acquire four wear debris features (concentration, distribution, shape, and colour) in real-time. • The net force on the wear debris is calculated, demonstrating the minor debris capture ability of the device. • The sensor has a wide concentration-sensing range (2–200 ppm) and can monitor the size distribution from normal wear to fault state. • The shape (circular, regular, irregular, elongated) and colour of individual wear debris can be identified by wear debris images. Sensors that can real-time monitor the wear particles suspended in lubricating oil are of great value in evaluating the health state of various machines (e.g., engines, transmissions). Here we report an on-line imaging sensor with a new structure, operating with magnetic deposition and flowing dispersion methods. A highly divergent magnetic field is generated by the cage electromagnet to collect ferromagnetic particles which will then disperse via the flow field in the disc-like channel. Wear particles in the chain- and separated-form are imaged respectively by the imaging module to acquire four debris features (concentration, size distribution, shape, and colour). We demonstrated that the developed sensor offers a low size detection limit (1–10 μm), a broad concentration-sensing range (2–200 ppm), and a high throughput (∼100 ml/min). Beyond that, the type and material of wear debris can also be identified in the test, utilising the shape and colour features getting by the sensor. This sensor shows promise for use in monitoring the machine health condition and studying the wear mechanism of surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) are essential materials for electronic devices due to their high saturation magnetization. However, traditional SMCs fabricated by cold-pressing method possess low strength and insufficiently reliable insulation, which restricts their further application. In this study, liquid-phase sintering technique is introduced and optimized to fabricate FeSiCr/MoO 3 SMCs. During sintering, ammonium molybdate (AMT) decomposes to form liquid-phase MoO 3 , which helps to achieve insulation and promote the formation of a transition layer on the surface of FeSiCr. The most optimum sample (the 400 MPa/800 °C /6 wt% sample) is obtained with crushing strength of 329.8 MPa, real part permeability of 29.7 (1 MHz), cut-off frequency of 116 MHz, high saturation magnetization of 177.3 emu/g and power loss of 1224.4 kW/m3 (10 MHz, 5 mT). This study indicates that liquid-phase sintering may be a reliable means for developing novel SMCs. • Liquid-phase sintering method is introduced to fabricate high strength soft magnetic composites capable of operating at high frequency. • The microstructure of inter-particle phase and transition layer formed during the liquid-phase sintering process is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intertemporal decision-making is important for both economy and physical health. Nevertheless, in daily life, individuals tend to prefer immediate and smaller rewards to delayed and larger rewards, which is known as delay discounting (DD). Episodic future thinking (EFT) has been proven to influence DD. However, there is still no inconsistent conclusion on the effect of negative EFT on DD. Considering the perceived controllability of negative EFT may address the issue (Controllability refers to the extent to which progress and result of an event could be controlled by ourselves). In the current study, we manipulated EFT conditions (baseline, neutral EFT, negative-controllable EFT and negative-uncontrollable EFT), delayed time (i.e. 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 3 years) and reward magnitude (small, large). We mainly found that when experiencing negative-uncontrollable EFT compared to negative-controllable EFT in the delayed time of 6 months with large rewards, individuals chose more delayed rewards, suggesting that negative-uncontrollable EFT effectively reduced DD under conditions of both large-magnitude reward and longer delayed time. The current study provides new insight for healthy groups on optimising EFT. In that case, individuals are able to gain long-term benefits in financial management and healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • First report of R-(−)-pranoprofen and S-(+)-pranoprofen differences in pharmacokinetics. • Pranoprofen enantiomers were quantified in rat plasma by a new LC-MS/MS method with per-4-chlorophenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin bonded chiral stationary phase. • The LLOQ for both pranoprofen enantiomers were 1.0 ng mL−1. • The chromatographic elution order of pranoprofen enantiomers were determined. The objective of this study is to develop a quick and precise chiral liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology that operates in reversed phase mode. Following oral administration of 5.0 mg/kg rac -pranoprofen, the suggested approach was completely validated and successfully used to the stereoselective detection of pranoprofen enantiomers in rat plasma for the first time. Both the polysaccharide derivatized chiral stationary phase and a homemade β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivatized based chiral column were assessed. The latter one, a per-4-chlorophenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin bonded chiral stationary phase (CPCDP) made in our laboratory, allowed for the highly sensitive detection, relatively short retention time and complete separation (resolution 2.0) of the pranoprofen enantiomers. A solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure on C 18 cartridge was optimized for the extraction of S -(+)-, R -(−)-pranoprofen and internal standard (S -(+)-ketoprofen, IS) from rat plasma in detail. Acetonitrile with 0.1 % formic acid in aqueous phase (60:40, v:v) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min was the ideal mobile phase condition. The outcome of pharmacokinetic study showed that the values of maximum plasma concentration (C max) and the area under plasma drug concentration–time curve to infinity (AUC 0-∞) for S -(+)-pranoprofen were 1.79 and 1.90 times greater than R -(−)-isomer, respectively. Altogether, this work is the first to examine the stereospecific pharmacokinetics of pranoprofen enantiomers in vivo , whose data provided potential possibility for the development of pure isomer with superior pharmacological activity and safety to replace racemic application in the clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study published in the journal "Skin Research & Technology" explores the relationship between androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and dyslipidemia. The researchers used Mendelian randomization (MR) to analyze genetic variations and identify causal links between circulating metabolites and AGA. The study found that certain lipoprotein subcomponents, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), were associated with the risk of AGA. However, the association between HDL and AGA disappeared when adjusted for confounding factors. The study suggests that VLDL may play a role in the development of AGA by affecting vasculature. It is important to note that the study was limited to patients of European origin and further research is needed to validate the findings in other populations. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Previous research has highlighted an association between alopecia areata (AA) and the collapse of hair follicle immune privilege, however, the causal linkage to specific immune cell traits remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the causal influence of immune cell traits on AA utilizing a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods: Leveraging GWAS summary statistics of 731 immunological traits (n = 3757) and AA data (n = 211,428), MR analyses were conducted employing inverse‐variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR‐Egger regression methodologies. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken using Cochran's Q test, MR‐Egger intercept test, and MR‐PRESSO analysis. A reverse MR analysis was performed for immune cell traits identified in the initial MR analysis. Results: Our study unveiled multiple immune traits associated with AA. Protective associations were observed for CD62L‐ CD86+ myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), TD CD4+%CD4+ T cells, and others, with ORs ranging from 0.63 to 0.78. Conversely, traits like CD62L on CD62L+ plasmacytoid DCs, HLA‐DR on CD14‐ CD16+ monocytes, HLA‐DR on monocytes, and others, were determined to augment the risk of AA, with ORs ranging from 1.13 to 1.46. Reverse MR analysis signified a reduction in BAFF‐R on IgD‐CD24‐B cells post‐AA onset (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–1.00), with no identified heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy among the instrumental variables (IVs). Conclusions: Our findings suggests that CD62L on certain subpopulations of DCs and HLA‐DR on monocytes may epitomize risk factors for AA, offering potential therapeutic targets for alleviating AA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) serves as a pivotal reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensor in cells, which is implicated in the regulation of autophagy. However, its function in melanocyte autophagy under oxidative stress remains elusive. Methods: The expression and ion channel function of TRPML1 were investigated using immunofluorescence and calcium imaging in primary human melanocytes (MCs). After activating TRPML1 with MLSA1 (TRPML1 agonist), autophagy‐related molecules were investigated via western blot. ROS level, apoptosis‐ and autophagy‐related molecules were investigated after pretreatment with MLSA1. After interference with TRPML1 expression, mitochondrial structures were visualized by electron microscopy with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2）treatment. Results: TRPML1 was expressed and functionally active in primary human MCs, and its activation promotes elevated expression of LC3‐II and reduced apoptosis and ROS levels under oxidative stress. TRPML1 downregulation caused mitochondrial swelling and disruption of cristae structures under oxidative stress in primary human MCs. Conclusions: TRPML1 might mediate lysosomal autophagy in primary human MCs under oxidative stress, participating in mechanisms that maintain the oxidative and antioxidant systems in balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An oleyl alcohol-based extended surfactant, sodium oleyl polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide sulfate (OE3P3S), was synthesized and identified using FT-IR and 1H NMR. The adsorption and aggregation behaviors of OE3P3S and its mixture with cationic surfactant alkyltrimethylammoniumbromide (ATAB) were investigated under different molar ratios. The static surface tension analysis indicated that the critical micellization concentration (cmc) and the critical surface tension (γcmc) of OE3P3S were 0.72 mmol/L, and 36.16 mN/m, respectively. The cmc and γcmc values of the binary system were much lower than that of the individual component. And the cmc values of OE3P3S/ATAB = 6:4 mixtures decreased with an increase in the chain length of the cationic surfactant in the binary system. It was found from the dynamic surface tension that there was a slower diffusion rate in the binary system compared to the pure surfactant, and the adsorption processes for OE3P3S/ATAB = 6:4 were mixed diffusion-kinetic adsorption mechanisms. With a combination of DLS data and TEM measurements, formations of vesicles in OE3P3S/ATAB = 6:4 solutions appeared to occur at a concentration of 0.05 mmol/L. By studying the formation of liquid crystal structures in an emulsion prepared with OE3P3S as the surfactant, it was found that the oil-in-water emulsion is birefringent with a Maltese cross texture, and the rheological properties revealed its predominant viscoelastic behavior and shear thinning properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional fluorescence-guided theranostics has a low signal-to-noise ratio and target efficiency that has limited its clinical application. To solve these problems, we developed near infrared-emitting persistent luminescence nanoparticles loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (mZGC) with macrophages acting as cellular carriers to mediate targeted delivery of these theranostic agents to the tumor area. The system can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio by reducing short-lived autofluorescent interference originating from in situ excitation, and the use of macrophages as cellular carriers for theranostic agent loading can significantly improve oncotherapeutic target efficiency. Furthermore, the photothermal properties of ICG@mZGC were evaluated, and an excellent photothermal performance was achieved, with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 23.29%. Therefore, the near infrared-emitting persistent luminescence nanoparticles@macrophage delivery system has potential applications as a phosphorescent drug carrier, and provides a novel paradigm for the ablation of various cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Phytophthora sojae, a soil-borne oomycete pathogen, has been a yield limiting factor for more than 60 years on soybean. The resurgence of P. sojae (Phytophthora sojae) is primarily ascribed to the durable oospores found in soil and remnants of the disease. P. sojae is capable of infesting at any growth periods of the soybean, and the succeed infestation of P. sojae is predominantly attributed to long-lived oospores present in soil. Comprehending the molecular mechanisms that drive oospores formation and their significance in infestation is the key for effective management of the disease. However, the existing challenges in isolating and extracting significant quantities of oospores pose limitations in investigating the sexual reproductive stages of P. sojae. Results: The study focused on optimizing and refining the culture conditions and extraction process of P. sojae, resulting in establishment of an efficient and the dependable method for extraction. Novel optimized approach was yielded greater quantities of high-purity P. sojae oospores than traditional methods. The novel approach exceeds the traditional approaches with respect to viability, survival ability, germination rates of new oospores and the pathogenicity of oospores in potting experiments. Conclusion: The proposed method for extracting P. sojae oospores efficiently yielded a substantial quantity of highly pure, viable, and pathogenic oospores. The enhancements in oospores extraction techniques will promote the research on the sexual reproductive mechanisms of P. sojae and lead to the creation of innovative and effective approaches for managing oomycete diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Methods Results Conclusions The study aims to introduce a novel indicator, effective withdrawal time (WTS), which measures the time spent actively searching for suspicious lesions during colonoscopy and to compare WTS and the conventional withdrawal time (WT).Colonoscopy video data from 472 patients across two hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. WTS was computed through a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and manual verification. The results obtained through WTS were compared with those generated by the AI system. Patients were categorized into four groups based on the presence of polyps and whether resections or biopsies were performed. Bland Altman plots were utilized to compare AI‐computed WTS with manually verified WTS. Scatterplots were used to illustrate WTS within the four groups, among different hospitals, and across various physicians. A parallel box plot was employed to depict the proportions of WTS relative to WT within each of the four groups.The study included 472 patients, with a median age of 55 years, and 57.8% were male. A significant correlation with manually verified WTS (r = 0.918) was observed in AI‐computed WTS. Significant differences in WTS/WT among the four groups were revealed by the parallel box plot (P < 0.001). The group with no detected polyps had the highest WTS/WT, with a median of 0.69 (interquartile range: 0.40, 0.97). WTS patterns were found to be varied between the two hospitals and among senior and junior physicians.A promising alternative to traditional WT for quality control and training assessment in colonoscopy is offered by AI‐assisted computation of WTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present observations of the central 9 kpc of the Antennae merger (NGC 4038/9) at 55 pc resolution in the CO (2–1) line obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We use a pixel-based analysis to compare the gas properties in the Antennae to those in 70 nearby spiral galaxies from the PHANGS-ALMA survey, as well as the merger and nearest luminous infrared galaxy NGC 3256. Compared to PHANGS-ALMA galaxies at matched spatial resolution, the molecular gas in the Antennae exhibits some of the highest surface densities, velocity dispersions, peak brightness temperatures, and turbulent pressures. However, the virial parameters in the Antennae are consistent with many of the PHANGS-ALMA galaxies. NGC 3256 has similar gas surface densities but higher nuclear velocity dispersions than the Antennae, as well as higher system-wide peak brightness temperatures and virial parameters. NGC 3256 is at a later stage in the merging process than the Antennae, which may result in more intense merger-driven gas flows that could drive up the turbulence in the gas. The high virial parameters in NGC 3256 may indicate that this increased turbulence is suppressing future star formation as NGC 3256 moves out of the starburst phase. In comparison, the relatively normal virial parameters in the Antennae may imply that it is about to undergo a new burst of star formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We measure the CO-to-H2 conversion factor (α CO) in 37 galaxies at 2 kpc resolution, using the dust surface density inferred from far-infrared emission as a tracer of the gas surface density and assuming a constant dust-to-metal ratio. In total, we have ∼790 and ∼610 independent measurements of α CO for CO (2–1) and (1–0), respectively. The mean values for α CO (2–1) and α CO (1–0) are 9.3 − 5.4 + 4.6 and 4.2 − 2.0 + 1.9 M ⊙ pc − 2 (K km s − 1) − 1 , respectively. The CO-intensity-weighted mean is 5.69 for α CO (2–1) and 3.33 for α CO (1–0). We examine how α CO scales with several physical quantities, e.g., the star formation rate (SFR), stellar mass, and dust-mass-weighted average interstellar radiation field strength ( U ¯ ). Among them, U ¯ , ΣSFR, and the integrated CO intensity (W CO) have the strongest anticorrelation with spatially resolved α CO. We provide linear regression results to α CO for all quantities tested. At galaxy-integrated scales, we observe significant correlations between α CO and W CO, metallicity, U ¯ , and ΣSFR. We also find that α CO in each galaxy decreases with the stellar mass surface density (Σ⋆) in high-surface-density regions (Σ⋆ ≥ 100 M ⊙ pc−2), following the power-law relations α CO (2 – 1) ∝ Σ ⋆ − 0.5 and α CO (1 – 0) ∝ Σ ⋆ − 0.2 . The power-law index is insensitive to the assumed dust-to-metal ratio. We interpret the decrease in α CO with increasing Σ⋆ as a result of higher velocity dispersion compared to isolated, self-gravitating clouds due to the additional gravitational force from stellar sources, which leads to the reduction in α CO. The decrease in α CO at high Σ⋆ is important for accurately assessing molecular gas content and star formation efficiency in the centers of galaxies, which bridge "Milky Way–like" to "starburst-like" conversion factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic decision-making is pivotal to both human private interests and the national economy. People pursue fairness in economic decision-making, but a proposer's moral identity can influence fairness processing. Previous ERP studies have revealed that moral identity has an effect on fairness considerations in the Ultimatum Game (UG), but the findings are inconsistent. To address the issue, we revised the moral-related sentences and used the ERP technique to measure the corresponding neural mechanism. We have observed that the fairness effect in UG can be mirrored in both MFN and P300 changes, whereas the moral identity effect on fairness in UG can be reflected by MFN but not P300 changes. These findings indicate that the moral identity of the proposer can modulate fairness processing in UG. The current study opens new avenues for clarifying the temporal course of the relationship between the proposer's moral identity and fairness in economic decision-making, which is beneficial for understanding the influencing mechanism of fairness processing and fair allocations in complex social contexts. • The fairness effect can be mirrored in both MFN and P300 variations in UG. • MFN but not P300 variations can reflect the moral identity effect on fairness. • Moral identity of the proposer can modulate fairness processing in UG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen-doped transition metal disulfides solid lubricating films have been less investigated due to the widespread viewpoint of the detrimental effect of oxidation on tribological properties. In this study, the introduction of oxygen into the deposited W-S-O film was achieved through sputtering WS 2 /WO 3 composite targets. The hardness of W-S-O film has been found to increase threefold, accompanied by a 50% reduction in the friction coefficient and an order of magnitude increase in wear life. The compact structures and the embedded WO 3 nanocrystals in the film contribute to the improved tribological property of the W-S-O film by improving the load-bearing capacity. Meanwhile, the presence of WO 3 phase within the W-S-O film does not hinder the formation of the transfer film during friction. [Display omitted] • The presence of WO 3 nanocrystals in the W-S-O film resulted in a substantially thick equiaxed crystal layer. • The W-S-O film exhibited lower friction coefficient and longer wear life compared to that for pure WS 2 film. • The WO 3 phase was expelled from the tribo-surface without hindering transfer film formation during friction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A more comprehensive understanding of the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on energy transition and carbon emissions could help to use AI to achieve carbon neutrality. To this end, the STIRPAT approach, the mediation effect technique and the panel threshold technique are developed using the panel data in 69 countries from 1993 to 2019. The results show that: (i) AI promote energy transition and carbon emission reduction, and trade openness (indicated by imports, exports and total trade volume) has the mediating effect. (ii) There is a single-threshold of trade openness in the impact of AI on carbon emissions. When trade openness is below the threshold, AI has an insignificant impact on carbon emissions; when trade openness crosses the threshold, AI has a significant negative impact on carbon emissions. There is a double-threshold of trade openness in the impact of AI on energy transition. When trade openness is lower than the first threshold, the impact of AI on energy transition is not significant; When trade openness is higher than the second threshold, the positive impact of AI on energy transition is increased. (iii) When considering the heterogeneity of income levels and AI levels, the trade threshold for achieving carbon emission reductions in the high-income group is lower than that of the global group, and the trade threshold for achieving carbon emission reductions in the low-AI level group is higher than that of the global group. While this study unequivocally delineates the affirmative role of artificial intelligence in carbon emission reduction and energy transformation, particularly in the context of trade openness, we concurrently acknowledge that this viewpoint is not devoid of contention. Amidst the rapid advancement of technology and the landscape of open trade, we discern the presence of counterarguments. The efficacy of artificial intelligence is susceptible to the influence of multifaceted factors. It is imperative to consider associated factors, such as the significant energy consumption required for storing and cooling data centers and servers. The study's conclusions aid policymakers in devising nuanced emission reduction policies tailored to specific needs. [Display omitted] • Investigate the effect of artificial intelligence on carbon emissions and the energy transition. • Trade openness is incorporated in the research framework of artificial intelligence, carbon emissions, and energy transition. • Artificial intelligence can promote carbon emission reduction and energy transition. • Trade openness has mediating effects and threshold effects. • Heterogeneity across income levels and artificial intelligence development levels is investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deposition and diagenesis are important factors affecting the quality of oil and gas reservoirs. Previously reported diagenesis studies mainly involve qualitative analysis, such as the determination of diagenetic events and diagenetic evolution sequences and modeling of two-dimensional diagenetic evolution, with less effort devoted to quantitative numerical simulation and three-dimensional diagenetic evolution models. This study proposes a new method for target-based diagenesis simulation by integrating the discrete element method, the quartet structure generation set method, and morphological algorithms. This new hybrid method can quantitatively simulate the effects of mineral grain deposition, compaction, cementation, dissolution, and replacement. Since specific minerals can undergo specific diagenetic alterations through mineral labeling, the sequence and path of diagenesis can be predefined in this method. Taking the sandstone reservoir of Lower Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation in Linnan Sag, Huimin Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, East China as an example, the new simulation method used the constructed diagenetic evolution sequence based on thin section identification and geochemical analysis to systematically simulate deposition and diagenesis in the study area and to construct a three-dimensional diagenetic evolution model. The predicted porosity, permeability, and pore size distribution of the simulated digital rocks are in good agreement with the experimental values, which validates the high accuracy of the simulation method. Based on these three-dimensional multi-mineral evolution models, the evolution trends of porosity and permeability during the sedimentation and diagenesis process were elucidated, revealing the variation in reservoir quality in the studied area and indicating reservoir sweet spots. The constructed 3D diagenesis evolution models are widely applicable and can be used not only for permeability simulation but also for the study of electrical, acoustic, and mechanical properties of reservoirs. • A 3D target-based diagenesis quantitative simulation method was proposed. • 3D diagenesis evolution models were constructed based on the experimental diagenesis data. • The proposed simulation method was validated by laboratory measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "CMTM6 overexpression confers trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer" published in the journal Molecular Cancer. The authors have identified two mistakes in the published version, including incorrect group labels in Figure 2DD and mistaken orders of image panels in Figure S2C and D. They have provided corrected images and re-arranged the orders of images to address these errors. The corrections do not impact the findings and conclusions of the study. Springer Nature, the publisher, remains neutral and unbiased. [Extracted from the article]