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This review article provides overall understanding of stainless, environment-friendly, and nonflammable Mg alloys (SEN alloys) recently developed at the Korea Institute of Materials Science. SEN alloys are produced by adding small amounts of Ca and Y (each

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of perioperative melatonin and melatonin agonists in preventing postoperative delirium (POD). Methods We conducted a systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published through December 2022. The primary outcome was efficacy based on the incidence of POD (POD-I). Secondary outcomes included efficacy and safety according to the length of hospital or intensive care unit stay, in-hospital mortality, and adverse events. Subgroup analyses of POD-I were based on the type and dose of drug (low- and high-dose melatonin, ramelteon), the postoperative period (early or late), and the type of surgery. Results In the analysis (16 RCTs, 1981 patients), POD-I was lower in the treatment group than in the control group (risk ratio [RR] = 0.57). POD-I was lower in the high-dose melatonin group than in the control group (RR = 0.41), whereas no benefit was observed in the low-dose melatonin and ramelteon groups. POD-I was lower in the melatonin group in the early postoperative period (RR = 0.35) and in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary surgery (RR = 0.54). Conclusion Perioperative melatonin or melatonin agonist treatment suppressed POD without severe adverse events, particularly at higher doses, during the early postoperative period, and after cardiopulmonary surgery.

When producing high-precision seamless steel pipes, due to their large diameter to wall ratio and poor rolling stability, they mainly rely on subjective judgement and empirical control by operators, which can easily lead to quality defects, especially the problem of uneven wall thickness along the entire length. To alleviate the quality defects of seamless steel pipes, we propose a rolling force prediction modeling method for seamless steel pipe rolling mills that uses a hybrid differential evolution (DE) and grey wolf optimisation (GWO) algorithm optimised BP neural network (DE-GWO-BP), thereby improving the accuracy of rolling force prediction and the accuracy of seamless steel pipe wall thickness control. An offline model was established by collecting historical production data from a seamless steel pipe factory. Under the same data conditions, experimental comparisons were conducted with commonly used BP and GA-BP neural network algorithms in the rolling field. The experimental results indicate that the DE-GWO-BP model has the highest prediction accuracy, with higher prediction accuracy and performance than BP and GA-BP neural network models. Industrial field applications have shown that the DE-GWO-BP model effectively reduces the phenomenon of steel stacking caused by rolling force deviation, which plays an important role in reducing the quality problems of seamless steel pipes and improving the accuracy of seamless steel pipe wall thickness control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a typical ozone （O 3 ） pollution process in Jinan City from June 16 to 26, 2021, the variation characteristics of O 3 and its precursor volatile organic compounds （VOCs） during different pollution periods （clean period （CP）, pollution rise period （PRP）, heavy pollution period （HPP）, and pollution decline period （PDP）） in the urban area were analyzed. Both positive matrix factorization （PMF） and an observation-based model （OBM） were used to identify the main sources of VOCs, O 3 production mechanisms, and sensitive species. The results showed that the average value of ρ （O 3 -8h） during the HPP period in the urban area was （246.67±11.24） μg·m -3 , and ρ （O 3 -1h） had a peak value of 300 μg·m -3 . The volume fractions of VOCs and NO 2 concentration were affected by the decrease in planetary boundary layer and wind speed, which were 76.99%-145.36% and 127.78%-141.18% higher than those in the other three periods, respectively, and were the main reasons for the aggravation of O 3 pollution. Alkanes, oxygenated volatile organic compounds （OVOCs）, and halogenated hydrocarbons accounted for 43.81%, 20.98%, and 17.43% of VOCs in urban areas, respectively. All of them showed significant growth during the HPP period, with acetone, propane, and ethane being the top three species by volume in each stage and isopentane showing the highest growth during the HPP period. Alkene, alkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons accounted for 40.19%, 28.06%, and 21.92% of the ozone generation potential （OFP）. 1-butene, toluene, isopentane, and isoprene were the species with higher OFP. Isoprene had the highest OFP during the PRP phase, and 1-butene had the highest OFP during the HPP phase. The volume fraction of isopentane significantly increased OFP. The correlation coefficient between VOCs and CO preliminarily indicated that motor vehicle exhaust and oil and gas volatilization were the main sources of VOCs during the HPP period. Further use of PMF revealed that solvent use sources, combustion sources, motor vehicle exhaust+oil and gas volatilization sources, industrial emission sources, and plant sources were important sources of VOCs in urban areas. The contribution of motor vehicle exhaust+oil and gas volatilization sources in the HPP period to VOCs was 3.09-14.72 times higher than that in other periods. The contribution of solvent use sources to VOCs was approximately 2.50 times higher than that in the CP and PRP periods. The main sources of VOCs volume fraction increase were motor vehicle exhaust, oil and gas volatilization sources, and solvent use sources. Potential sources and concentration weight analysis found that VOCs were also affected by the transmission of VOCs to Binzhou and Dongying in the northeast direction. The OBM results indicated that the main pathway of O 3 formation in urban areas was the reaction of peroxide hydroxyl radicals （HO 2 ·） and methyl peroxide radicals （CH 3 O 2 ·） with NO, and the net ozone generation rate during the HPP phase [ P （O 3 ） net ] was 24×10 -9 h -1 . Based on the sensitivity experiment results, the alkene components of 1-butene, propylene, cis-2-butene, and ethylene were the dominant species for O 3 production.

This paper aims to explore the inhibitory effect of Yueju Pills on breast cancer and decipher the underlying mechanism. A total of 92 SPF-grade SD female rats were involved in this study, and 14 of them were randomly selected into control group. The remaining 78 rats were administrated with 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene(DMBA) by gavage to establish the breast cancer model. The modeled rats were randomized into model, tamoxifen(1.9 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and low-and high-dose(17, 34 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) Yueju Pills groups. The mental state, food intake, and activities of the rats were observed daily, and the body weight was measured on alternate days. After 12 weeks of administration, the rats were sacrificed and the tumor weight was measured. The serum estrogen and progeste-rone levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The histopathological changes of the breast and tumor were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Western blot was employed to measure the protein levels of glucose transporter 1(GLUT1), lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA), phosphofructokinase muscle(PFKM), pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2(PKM2), hexokinase 2(HK2), nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB), and phosphorylated NF-κB. The intestinal microbiome was examined by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that compared with the model group, high and low-dose Yueju Pills showed the tumor inhibition rate of 15.8% and 64.5%, respectively, and the low dose group had stronger inhibitory effect. Compared with the control group, the model group presented elevated the levels of estrogen and progesterone in serum. The administration of Yueju Pills lowered such ele-vation, and the low-dose group showed stronger lowering effect(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, Yueju Pills reduced the glands with increased breast tissue, the degree of breast duct expansion, the number and area of acinar cavity, the secretions, and the layers of mammary epithelial cells. Furthermore, Yueju Pills down-regulated the expression of GLUT1, LDHA, PFKM, PKM2, HK2, and NF-κB(P<0.05) and altered the diversity, composition, structure, and abundance of intestinal flora. The results showed that Yueju Pills could inhibit breast cancer by regulating the secretion of estrogen and progesterone, glycolysis, inflammatory cytokines, and intestinal flora.