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Although blood autoantibodies were initially associated with autoimmune diseases, multiple evidence have been accumulated showing their presence in many types of cancer. This has opened their use in clinics, since cancer autoantibodies might be useful for early detection, prognosis, and monitoring of cancer patients. In this review, we discuss the different techniques available for their discovery and validation. Additionally, we discuss here in detail those autoantibody panels verified in at least two different reports that should be more likely to be specific of each of the four most incident cancers. We also report the recent developed kits for breast and lung cancer detection mostly based on autoantibodies and the identification of novel therapeutic targets because of the screening of the cancer humoral immune response. Finally, we discuss unsolved issues that still need to be addressed for the implementation of cancer autoantibodies in clinical routine for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and/or monitoring.

Nuts are a well-known cause of food allergy and, once this has been diagnosed, due to the likelihood of cross-sensitization to multiple tree nut allergens, their strict avoidance from the diet is advisable. In this context, we present electrochemical bioplatforms to detect traces of hazelnut and walnut in processed foods through the determination of their respective allergenic proteins Cor a 9 and Jug r 1 in a fast and sensitive assay. First, the evaluation of the single determination of both proteins was performed by building sandwich immunoconjugates on the surface of magnetic microbeads relying on specific antibodies unmodified or conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Amperometric transduction was made upon trapping the magnetic bioconjugates on the surface of disposable carbon electrodes, using the hydroquinone/hydrogen peroxide system. The great analytical performance achieved with the individual platforms (detection limits of 0.12 and 0.56 ng mL−1 for Jug r 1 and Cor a 9, respectively), led us to the individual and dual quantification of both proteins in raw dough and baked cookies incurred with ground nuts. The developed method allowed detecting baked cookies incurred with 0.0025% ground walnut and 0.00002% ground hazelnut with results comparable to those provided by ELISA techniques. The feasibility of performing the dual determination of both allergens in a single run was demonstrated.

Abstract Tumor‐associated stroma biomarkers are emerging as key signaling molecules of metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this sense, periostin (POSTN), a protein of the extracellular matrix from the stromal compartment, is envisioned as a potential stromal prognostic biomarker, which facilitates the application of pertinent treatments. In this work, we report an easy‐to‐handle amperometric sandwich‐based immunosensing strategy for the determination of POSTN involving commercial magnetic microparticles (MBs), disposable carbon electrodes, and the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/H2O2/hydroquinone (HQ) electrochemical system. The method allowed a dynamic linear range between 0.47 and 25 ng mL−1 and a limit of detection, LOD, of 0.14 ng mL−1 compatible with clinical demands. The method was applied to the analysis of POSTN in a variety of cancer‐related real bio‐scenarios including cell extracts and secretomes from CRC cells, and plasma from CRC patients at different stages. The potentials of this firstly developed MBs‐assisted immunoplatform are justified by distinguishing between metastatic abilities of cultured CRC cells through the analysis of their extracts and secretomes, and by differentiating between healthy controls and CRC patients in just 60 min. Therefore, the developed immunoplatform can be envisaged as a novel and profitable tool for exploring the most uncharacterized but prospective tumor areas.