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Precious metal nanozymes are renowned for their enzyme-mimicking properties, which can modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and enhance treatment. However, their small size often leads to aggregation and their single and limited catalytic potential impedes antitumor and immune-activating capabilities. To address these limitations, we developed a nanocomposite with multiple enzyme activities that synergistically enhances photodynamic and photothermal therapy (PDT and PTT), significantly boosting antitumor efficacy and immune response. Our approach involved using UiO-66-NH 2 to facilitate the growth of gold-platinum bimetallic nanozymes, resulting in a core-shell structure of UiO-66-NH 2 @AuPt (UAuPt). The UiO-66-NH 2 was then etched to create hollow gold-platinum bimetallic (HAuPt) nanoshells and further encapsulated with PEG-SH and the photosensitizer Ce6 to form the HAuPt@Ce6-PEG-SH (HCP) nanocomposite. Regarding the HCP nanocomposite, its absorption capability in the near-infrared second (NIR-II) region makes it a suitable photothermal agent for PTT, while Ce6 serves as the active agent for PDT. Furthermore, the gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) exhibit glucose oxidase (GOD)-, catalase (CAT)-, and peroxidase (POD)-like activities. This triple-enzyme activity forms an efficient cascade catalytic system, leading to refined remodeling of the TME and efficient enhancement of PTT and PDT. Moreover, the combination therapy triggers tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization and immunogenic cell death (ICD), which not only promotes dendritic cell (DC) maturation but also stimulates T cell activation and the release of tumor-specific immune factors. This cascade ultimately results in a robust antitumor immune response. The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated a significant antitumor efficacy and immune response, promising efficient nanozymes for therapeutic advancement.

Gout is a systemic metabolic disorder caused by elevated uric acid (UA) levels, affecting over 1% of the population. The most common complication of gout is gouty arthritis (GA), characterized by swelling, pain or tenderness in peripheral joints or bursae, which can lead to the formation of tophi. At present, western medicines like colchicine, febuxostat and allopurinol are the primary treatment strategy to alleviate pain and prevent flare-ups in patients with GA, but they have significant side effects and increased mortality risks. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been utilized for thousands of years for the prevention and treatment of GA, demonstrating effective control over serum UA (SUA) levels with fewer side effects. Herein we summarized a total of 541 studies published from 2000 to 2023 in sources including PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase, highlighting the therapeutic potential of TCM in treating gout and GA, particularly in combination with modern medical strategies. This review focuses on TCM formulas, Chinese herbal extracts, and active compounds derived from TCM, providing an overview of recent clinical application and the pharmacological research based on animal models and cellular systems. Particularly, the current review categorized the clinical and experimental evidence into the strategies for improving hyperuricemia, decreasing the sudden onset of acute GA and retarding chronic GA progression, supplied further coherent reference and enlightenment for clinicians, investigators of natural product chemistry, researchers in TCM and pharmacology. We hope this article will inspire the development of novel formulas and molecular entities for the treatment of gout and GA., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Pharmacological Society.)

Herein, we report an approach for the synthesis of 2-sulfonyl carbazoles from the oxidative C-H sulfonylation of tetrahydrocarbazoles. The mechanistic study reveals that this special selectivity is realized by the addition of a sulfonyl radical to the 3,4-dihydrocabazole intermediate via dehydrogenative desaturation of tetrahydrocarbazoles. This approach features readily available starting materials, high regioselectivity, broad substrate scope, and attractive synthetic utility.

Sorption and transport are important environmental behaviors of antibiotics in soils and can determine the fate of antibiotics in environments； however, limited relevant studies have been conducted on long-term manured soils. In this study, batch and repacked soil column experiments were conducted to examine the sorption and transport behavior of four veterinary antibiotics, including sulfamethazine （SMT）, florfenicol （FFC）, doxycycline （DOX）, and enrofloxacin （ENR）, in red soils, yellow soils, and calcareous soils with long-term amendment of chicken or pig manure collected in Zhejiang Province. The results showed that the sorption isothermal data of the four target antibiotics all conformed well to the linear and Freundlich models. The performance of the linear model was better for the weakly-sorbing antibiotics （SMT and FFC）, whereas the performance of the Freundlich model was better for the strongly-sorbing antibiotics （DOX and ENR）. The sorption of target antibiotics was governed by both soil and manure types. The linear sorption parameter （ K d ） of SMT and FFC were positively related to the organic carbon content and pH of soils, and their sorption was mainly controlled by soil organic matter, indicating that non-electrostatic interactions （e.g., hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions） played dominant roles in their sorption to the soils. Contrastingly, DOX and ENR did not show significant relationships with soil pH, organic carbon content, and cation exchange capacity, indicating that multiple mechanisms （e.g., hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions） worked jointly in their sorption into the soils. SMT and FFC exhibited high recoveries of breakthrough curves （in ranges of 37.5%-92.3% and 45.8%-112.6%, respectively） in column transport experiments, reflecting their high leaching potentials. Contrastingly, no soil column breakthrough of DOX and ENR was observed, reflecting that the injected antibiotics were completely retained inside the soil columns. The maximum relative concentrations and breakthrough recoveries of SMT and FFC showed significant negative linear relationships with K d . This indicates that the leaching potential of antibiotics can be predicted from sorption parameters using the regression equations established by batch and column experiments.

Aims: To identify the multiple mediating effects of resilience and depression between social support and self-care ability among patients with breast cancer during rehabilitation to provide reference for developing and implementing targeted interventions., Design: A cross-sectional study reported according to the STROBE checklist., Methods: A convenience sample of 320 patients with breast cancer during rehabilitation was recruited from one hospital in China. Data were collected from April to August 2022 using a self-report questionnaire, including the demographic and clinical information, Appraisal of Self-Care Agency Scale-Revised, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 item, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The mediation analysis was conducted using the SPSS Process macro., Results: Self-care ability was positively associated with social support (β = .229) and resilience (β = .290), and negatively associated with depression (β = -.208). The relationship between social support and self-care ability was mediated by resilience and depression, respectively, and together in serial. The multiple mediating effects accounted for 34.0% of the total effect of social support on self-care ability., Conclusion: Our findings identify resilience and depression as multiple mediators between social support and self-care ability and highlight the important roles of social support, resilience and depression in improving self-care ability., Relevance to Clinical Practice: Healthcare providers should pay great attention to the underlying mechanisms of how social support affects patients' self-care ability during breast cancer rehabilitation. Integrated intervention programmes targeted at enhancing social support, building resilience and alleviating depression might be beneficial to the improvement of self-care ability., Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution., Reporting Method: The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for cross-sectional studies was applied to report the results., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)