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Introduction: The objective of this systematic review is to determine the benefits and harms of heel lifts to any comparator for lower limb musculoskeletal conditions. Methods: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid AMED, Ovid EMCARE, CINAHL Plus and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to the end of May 2024. Randomised, quasi‐randomised or non‐randomised trials comparing heel lifts to any other intervention or no‐treatment were eligible for inclusion. Data was extracted for the outcomes of pain, disability/function, participation, participant rating of overall condition, quality of life, composite measures and adverse events. Two authors independently assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach at the primary time point 12 weeks (or next closest). Results: Eight trials (n = 903), investigating mid‐portion Achilles tendinopathy, calcaneal apophysitis and plantar heel pain were included. Heel lifts were compared to exercise, ultrasound, cryotherapy orthotics, stretching, footwear, activity modification, felt pads and analgesic medication. No outcome was at low risk of bias and few effects (2 out of 47) were clinically important. Low‐certainty evidence (1 trial, n = 199) indicates improved pain relief (55.7 points [95% CI: 50.3–61.1], on a 100 mm visual analogue scale) with custom orthotics compared to heel lifts at 12 weeks for calcaneal apophysitis. Very low‐certainty evidence (1 trial, n = 62) indicates improved pain and function with heel lifts over indomethacin (35.5 points [95% CI: 21.1–49.9], Foot Function Index) at 12 months for plantar heel pain. Conclusions: Few trials have assessed the benefits and harms of heel lifts for lower limb musculoskeletal conditions. Only two outcomes out of 47 showed clinically meaningful between group differences. However, due to very low to low certainty evidence we are unable to be confident in the results and the true effect may be substantially different. Registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42022309644. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide Australian data on the clinical and radiological features and outcomes in patients with orbital plasmacytomas., Methods: Multicentre retrospective review of orbital plasmacytoma and orbital involvement in multiple myeloma (MM) from 2005 to 2022 in Australia., Results: Twenty-one participants were identified. The median age was 62 years (range 34-88 years), and 11 (52%) were females. Eighteen (84%) had a known diagnosis of MM prior to their orbital presentation, with all patients eventually being diagnosed with systemic MM. Thirteen (72%) were receiving active treatment for systemic myeloma on presentation, while 3 (17%) were in remission. All but 1 had unilateral orbital involvement (n = 20, 95%). Common presenting symptoms and signs were decreased visual acuity (n = 13, 62%), proptosis (n = 11, 52%), limited motility (n = 15, 71%), and optic neuropathy (n = 5, 24%). Radiologically, 15 (71%) involved the superotemporal orbit, 7 (33%) inferotemporal orbit, and 16 (76%) involved ≥1 extraocular muscle. Sixteen (76%) were biopsied and confirmed orbital plasmacytoma on histopathology. Treatment modalities included intravenous and oral steroids (n = 7, 33%), chemotherapy (n = 9, 43%), radiotherapy (n = 13, 62%), stem cell transplant (n = 3, 14%), and surgical debulking and decompression (n = 3, 14%). Mortality was high, with 15 (71%) having MM-related mortality., Conclusions: This is the largest cohort of Australian data on orbital plasmacytomas. Most patients have a diagnosis of systemic MM at presentation. It is crucial to recognize and treat these patients early due to a poor systemic prognosis., Competing Interests: The authors have no financial or conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 The American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc.)