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Objective: To evaluate the worldwide use of FIGO's two systems for the classification of causes and contributors to nongestational abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years by obstetrics and gynecology professionals worldwide, to identify knowledge gaps, and explore barriers to implementation., Methods: An electronic survey was developed by members of FIGO's Menstrual Disorders and Related Health Impacts (MDRHI) Committee to assess knowledge of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and the two FIGO AUB systems among obstetricians and gynecologists. The survey was conducted online from February 28 to June 30, 2023, and comprised demographic questions, educational content inquiries, and a knowledge assessment. Available in English, Spanish, French, and Mandarin, the survey was disseminated through representatives of the World Association of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology (WATOG), as well as through digital platforms and trainee-focused Facebook groups., Results: Out of 1317 initial participants from 65 countries, 1114 completed the survey. The highest representation was from China (42.6%), where both trainees and clinicians participated. Participation varied across FIGO regions, with Asia-Oceania contributing the most (n = 602) and North America the least (n = 62). Most participants were in hospital-based residency programs (73.9%), graduating around 2012 with 3 years of postgraduate medical education. Nearly 70% reported being familiar with FIGO systems, while over 93% were familiar with PALM-COEIN. About one-third reported frequent use of FIGO systems by faculty, except among French-speaking respondents. Higher composite FIGO systems knowledge scores correlated with familiarity with FIGO AUB systems and PALM COEIN. Language did not significantly affect scores., Conclusion: FIGO's systems for nongestational AUB are widely used but gaps persist. Targeted strategies focusing on faculty development and research are needed to improve awareness and proficiency. This study highlights the necessity for interventions in medical education to enhance trainees' understanding and utilization of standardized nomenclature., (© 2024 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a seed drill for seeding barley and vetch mixtures having different ratios and to determine their impact on plant emergence, yield and feed quality of component crops., Methods: The laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine the performance of the seeder using pure barley, common vetch, and their mixtures in ratios, namely 100:0, 0:100, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75. The seed flow and distribution uniformity across the rows were determined within laboratory conditions, while other response variables were assessed in the field conditions., Results: The coefficient of variation values of flow evenness for barley and vetch were found to be 1.0-5.5% and 0.3-2.1%, respectively. Seed distribution uniformity of each row unit were also determined ranging from 4.2% to 10.7% and from 0.4% to 1.4% for barley and vetch, respectively. The goodness criteria values ranged between 66.4%-86.0% for the laboratory tests while the corresponding values had a range of 78%-86% for field samples. Based on the findings in this work, the overall ranges of variation factor values were 0.43-1.28 and 0.36-0.77 for laboratory and field evaluations, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum yield was 42,620 kg ha -1 , whereas the minimum dry material ratio was 16.93% recorded for pure barley crop., Conclusions: It appears that the results in this work demonstrated that the seed drill could have a great potential to be used effectively for the seeding of barley as well as vetch mixtures as a function of various ratios to enhance the overall yield of the crop., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2025 Yazgi et al.)