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Purpose: To analyze tactical behaviors associated with performance in track middle-distance global championship finals. Methods: Finalists' season-best finishing race time, 100-m section times, and intermediate positions were obtained from 800- and 1500-m men's and women's finals in 2 Olympic Games and 5 World Championships. Differences between medalists, fourth- to eighth-ranked (T8), and ninth- to 12th/13th-ranked finalists in relative performance (relative to season-best), race time, and section times were determined. Pearson correlations between intermediate position and section speed with final position and probability of winning a medal at each race point were calculated. Results: A very high correlation was found between intermediate and final position at the first 100 m in the women's 800-m (r =.84; P =.008), which was maintained throughout the race. Medalists were relatively faster than T8 in men's and women's 800-m finals (P =.006; d = 0.87, and P =.039; d = 0.59, respectively). Differences in relative performance between groups in 1500-m finals appeared at the end of the race, although they arose earlier in women's races. The probability of winning a medal decreased with lower intermediate positions, especially in the latest race stages. Conclusions: A high intermediate position, as well as the ability to run fast in the latest race stages, seems critical to medaling in track middle-distance global championship finals. The abilities to adopt leading positions for the whole 800-m event and to generate an end spurt relatively faster than the rest of competitors in the 1500-m event are critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most epidemiological studies on track-and-field meets have been limited to the Olympics and world championships. These are meets in which only high-performance athletes participate at a certain time of the year. In contrast, epidemiological studies on athletes of various ages and across different seasons may provide health care providers with valuable insights into injury prevention and on-field medical care. The study aims to determine the trends and locations of injuries during track-and-field meets in athletes of various ages and seasons based on on-field medical care records. Methods: The number and incidence of injuries requiring on-field medical care during or after the event were obtained from 39 track-and-field meets. Injuries were defined as cases that required on-field medical care. The incidence was defined as the number of injuries per 1000 athlete exposures wherein 1 athlete exposure is the athlete's participation in one event. We also recorded the number of injuries at each location and whether transportation to a medical station was required. Results: A total of 191 injuries were reported. This study identified a population with a high incidence of injury (middle- and long-distance events, combined events, and athletes over the age of 19), areas within the stadium where injuries were more likely to occur (finish line and first turn), and a high rate of transport to the medical station (approximately 70%); most of them were transported to wheelchairs. Conclusion: The results provide insights into the trends, locations, and transport of injured athletes during track-and-field meets. Professionals will better understand the injuries occurring during track-and-field meets and can improve the efficiency of on-field medical care activities. They will also assist organizers in track-and-field meets to improve the safety of their meet operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The core competencies evaluation of track and field students in sports colleges holds significant importance. It not only helps assess students' overall abilities in track and field, such as physical fitness, athletic skills, psychological quality, and social responsibility, but also provides a scientific basis for personalized teaching and training. Through this evaluation, students' strengths and weaknesses can be identified, allowing for the optimization of training strategies to improve their athletic performance and holistic development. Additionally, this evaluation aids in cultivating students' teamwork, psychological resilience, and sense of social responsibility, ensuring that they are more competitive and adaptable in their future sports careers, thereby promoting their long-term development. The core competencies evaluation of track and field students in sports colleges is regarded as a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problem. In this study, we integrated the geometric Heronian mean (GHM) approach and prioritized aggregation (PA) with 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic numbers (2TLNNs) to develop the generalized 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic numbers prioritized GHM (G2TLNPGHM) approach. Additionally, we explored several key properties of the proposed approach. The G2TLNPGHM approach was then applied to address MADM problems under the framework of 2TLNNs. To demonstrate its practical application, the method was used as an example for evaluating the core competencies of track and field students in sports colleges. Lastly, a comprehensive comparative analysis was conducted to examine the effects of varying parameters on the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the influence of the athlete's state and wind direction on the Javelin flight trajectory. The process of plane throwing is analyzed theoretically. An accurate javelin flight mathematical model is established. Using the modified particle swarm optimization method, the paper finds a way to make the Javelin longer distance. This algorithm makes it portable and adaptive. Then, the entropy weight method is used to evaluate the weight of each factor. The experiment shows that this method can reflect the actual Javelin flying condition well, and its prediction effect is in accord with the demand of engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigations into rail corrugation within metro systems have traditionally focused on specific mechanisms, thereby limiting the generalizability of proposed theories. Understanding the commonalities in rail corrugation across diverse metro lines remains pivotal for elucidating its underlying mechanisms. The present study conducted extensive field surveys and tracking tests across 14 Chinese metro lines. By employing t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) for dimensional reduction and employing the unsupervised clustering algorithm DBSCAN, the research redefines the classification of metro rail corrugation based on characteristic information. The analysis encompassed spatial distribution and temporal evolution of this phenomenon. Findings revealed that floating slab tracks exhibited the highest proportion of rail corrugation at 47%. Notably, ordinary monolithic bed tracks employing damping fasteners were more prone to inducing rail corrugation. Corrugation primarily manifested in curve sections with radii between 300 and 500 m, featuring ordinary monolithic bed track and steel-spring floating slab track structures, with wavelengths typically between 30 and 120 mm. Stick–slip vibrations of the wheel–rail system maybe led to short-wavelength corrugations (40–60 mm), while longer wavelengths (200–300 mm) exhibited distinct fatigue damage characteristics, mainly observed in steel-spring floating slab tracks and small-radius curve sections of ordinary monolithic bed tracks and ladder sleeper tracks. A classification system comprising 57 correlated features categorized metro rail corrugation into four distinct types. These research outcomes serve as critical benchmarks for validating various theories pertaining to rail corrugation formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological factors in sports have been widely studied in scientific literature. However, only a few studies have used data mining techniques for athletic profile analysis. The main goal of this study was to analyze motivation, self-confidence, flow, and psychological skills in athletics to build differentiated profiles through clustering techniques. The sample size was 470 participants (ages 14–70 years old; M = 32.1; SD = 13.5). The Sports Motivation Scale (SMS), Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), Self-confidence in Sport Questionnaire (CACD), Flow Dispositional Scale-2 (FDS-2), and Psychological Inventory of Sport Performance (IPED) were used to analyze the psychological profile of the sample. A data clustering analysis was carried out to check the study's purpose. Results show different behavior patterns according to specific profiles. Similarly, there have been differences between men and women, online and face-to-face participants, federated athletes and runners, categories, or sports disciplines. In conclusion, the understanding of each athlete's psychological profile is essential to improve his/her performance. The results of this study could be used to implement changes and adjustments in athlete psychological training to run several intervention programs that focus on each group's needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle-to-bone (MBR) and soft tissue-to-bone ratios (SBR) of 459 track and field athletes across event groups to identify differences in MBR and SBR. Dual X-ray absorptiometry provided total and regional (i.e., arm, leg, trunk) lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), and bone mineral content (BMC). MBR was calculated by dividing LM by BMC. The SBR was calculated by dividing LM+FM by BMC. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare ratios across event groups. Dunn's post-hoc tests were utilized to adjust for multiple comparisons. Total MBR for females was higher in the throwers compared to the multievent athletes (p=0.02). For the males, total MBR was lower in jumpers compared to all events except pole vaulters (PV) (p<0.05). Trunk MBR was higher in the long-distance runners (LD) compared to jumpers, PV, and throwers (p<0.05). The throwers had higher total, arm, and leg SBRs compared to the jumpers, LD, middle distance, PV, and sprint groups (p<0.05). Significant differences in total and regional MBR and SBR were identified across event groups for both sexes, and may indicate event-specific adaptations impacting the balance between soft tissue and bone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With higher temperatures expected in the future due to global climate change, addressing health risks such as heat illness is increasingly important. In Japan, thousands of heat illness cases occur annually during school sports club activities. The risk may vary by sport, location, and region, but how heat safety thresholds (HSTs) should be adjusted to provide effective guidelines remains uncertain. Thus, we conducted a case-crossover study using data of heat illness cases and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) throughout Japan to evaluate the heat illness risk for the current HSTs and propose adjustments. A significant relationship was found between heat illness incidence and WBGT at the time of the incident, as well as the average WBGT one and two days prior. The risk significantly varies with factors such as club, region, location, year, month, and the average WBGT in summer. Therefore, we recommend lowering the current HSTs by one category (3 °C) in the following cases: (1) clubs at high risk (baseball, softball, soccer/futsal, tennis, track and field, kyudo, and other with sustained exercise or thick uniforms); (2) from April to June; (3) in cooler regions (Hokkaido, Tohoku, Hokuriku, or where the average WBGT in summer≦18℃); (4) for outdoor activities; (5) when heat rapidly increases without adequate heat acclimatization. These findings may inform educators, students, sports authorities, and policymakers in adjusting HSTs to reduce the incidence of heat illness, thereby ensuring safer environments for school sports activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between overground sprint performance and rates of force development (RFDs) in ground reaction forces (GRF) during the entire acceleration phase. Thirty-one male sprinters performed 60-m sprints during which the GRF from the start to the 50-m mark were measured. The vertical, braking and propulsive RFDs at each step were calculated as the average rate of change in GRF. Average values for each four steps during the acceleration phase were calculated to examine relationships between running speed or average horizontal external power (AHEP) and RFD values. The RFD values ranged from 859.8 ± 191.1 to 1682.0 ± 258.2 N/s/kg for vertical force, −502.6 ± 215.7 to −1033.8 ± 196.2 N/s/kg for braking force, and 97.2 ± 11.7 to 185.4 ± 32.3 N/s/kg for propulsive force. There were associations of running speed with vertical RFD at the 21st–24th step section (r = 0.385) and with propulsive RFD at the 1st–4th step section and from the 13th–16th to 21st–24th step sections (r = 0.386–0.559). Moreover, AHEP was correlated with vertical RFD from the 13th–16th to 21st–24th step sections (r = 0.442–0.523), with braking RFD at the 17th–20th and 21st–24th step sections (r = − 0.423 and − 0.448), and with propulsive RFD at every step section (r = 0.374–0.856). In conclusion, greater propulsive RFD throughout the acceleration phase, along with higher braking and vertical RFD during the later acceleration section, may indicate better sprint performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Muscle strength plays a critical role in the performance of middle- and long-distance athletes. However, the vertical force–velocity (F–V) profile has not been studied in this population. The objectives of this study were twofold: (i) to characterize the F–V profile in middle- and long-distance athletes and (ii) to explore its relationship with physiological and biomechanical performance variables. Methods: Thirty-nine highly trained athletes (13 middle-distance and 26 long-distance athletes), comprising men (18) and women (21), participated in this study. Each athlete performed a squat-jump to determine their F–V profile, followed by two 5 min bouts of low-intensity running and a graded exercise test to assess physiological and kinematic parameters. Results: Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed in maximal estimated power (Pmax) and jump height between middle- and long-distance female athletes (21.20 ± 4.78 W·kg−1 vs. 15.80 ± 2.83 W·kg−1; 26.00 ± 0.05 cm vs. 19.50 ± 0.03 cm), and between male and female long-distance athletes (19.70 ± 2.87 W·kg−1; 24.10 ± 0.02 cm). Stride length during low intensity running showed significant correlations with Pmax (r = 0.340) and jump height (r = 0.374). Pmax was positively associated with running economy (RE) (r = 0.396) and VO2max (r = 0.346), and negatively correlated with F–V imbalance (FVimb) (r = −0.531). Conclusions: Middle- and long-distance athletes demonstrate similar F–V profiles; however, middle-distance athletes exhibit a rightward shift, resulting in higher Pmax and jump height, particularly among women. Nevertheless, F–V profile characteristics display only weak associations with physiological and kinematic variables which directly influence performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to address the issue of tracking errors of collision Caenorhabditis elegans, this research proposes an improved particle filter tracking method integrated with cultural algorithm. The particle filter algorithm is enhanced through the integration of the sine cosine algorithm, thereby facilitating uninterrupted tracking of the target C. elegans. Furthermore, the cultural algorithm is employed to facilitate recognition of the target C. elegans following a collision. In addition, this method integrates the concepts of down-sample and marking to reduce the average processing time of the image. Ultimately, the experiment was conducted on two strains of C. elegans of six ages. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately identify the target worm in the post-collision stage. The proposed method has the potential to be utilized in the field of worm tracking, offering a novel method into the acquisition of collision C. elegans behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the relationship between floating toes and athletic performance among collegiate track and field athletes. A total of 422 athletes (sprinters, jumpers, and distance runners) and 136 controls participated in this study. Plantar surface images were captured using a specially designed foot scanner during standing to calculate the floating toe score. The score, which sums the floating toe points of all toes, categorizes them into 'floating toe', 'incomplete contact', or 'normal toe'. The World Athletics score served as a measure of athletic performance. Overall, collegiate track and field athletes had a significantly higher mean floating toe score (14.22 ± 4.87 points) than controls (11.06 ± 6.05 points) (p < 0.05), suggesting that fewer floating toes may confer a performance advantage. Within the track and field events, sprinters and jumpers showed significantly higher floating toe scores than distance runners (p < 0.05), emphasizing the variations in floating toes across different events. Although no significant correlation between floating toe score and World Athletics score was observed overall, a significantly negative correlation was found among distance runners (r = -0.25, p = 0.006), indicating that distance runners with higher athletic performance tend to have more pronounced floating toes. These findings suggest a nuanced relationship between floating toes and various aspects of track and field performance, particularly in distance running. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the Adapted Youth Track and Field Athletes' Participation Motivation Factors Questionnaire (AYTFAPMFQ), this study examined and analyzed the characteristics and relationships among highschool track and field (T&F) athletes' participation motivation Factors (PMFs), and four healthy-related elements. Participants were 133 youth athletes from fifteen high-school T&F teams of New York City public schools. Data analyses involved 2x2x2x2 factorial MANOVA, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and multiple regression analyses (MRA). Results included: 1.) The top four motivation factors (MFs) were: MF3 (For a Healthier Body); MF11 (To Foster Self-Esteem); MF1(High Technical Content and Unique Value); MF2 (For Fun and Happy). These four MFs possess the highest impact on these participants' PMs. 2.) Genders (male/female) and Supporting (by parents or by school) had significant impacts on these athletes' PMs, but Goalsettings ('for professional' or 'for non-professional') and 'Years engage in T&F competition' (one to two years or three and four years) did not. 3.) Through the analyses of EFA and MRA, the characteristics and relationships among these high-school T&F athletes' participation motivations were correlations were identified. Further, the traits of the four healthy related elements associated with their basic psychological needs were also identified, and verified these traits were predictable. Last, meaningful recommendations on how to apply these findings to youth sports education were also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an ongoing debate regarding the necessity for sex‐segregated sports particularly in youth. However, there has been minimal evaluation of prepubertal sex‐based differences in the events of shot put, javelin throw, and long jump. Therefore, the top eight performances from the USA Track and Field National Youth Outdoor Championships and National Junior Olympic Championships during the years 2016–2023 for shot put, javelin throw, and long jump in the 8‐and‐under and 9–10‐year‐old age groups were analyzed for sex‐based differences. The 8‐and‐under males threw the shot put farther (P < 0.0001 and Hedges' g = 0.922) than females by 19.3% and the 9–10‐year‐old males threw the shot put farther (P = 0.016 and Hedges' g = 0.332) than females by 6.5%. The 8‐and‐under males threw the javelin farther (P < 0.0001 and Hedges' g = 1.269) than females by 32.6% and 9–10‐year‐old males threw the javelin farther (P < 0.0001 and Hedges' g = 1.169) than females by 23.5%. The 8‐and‐under males long jumped farther (P = 0.010 and Hedges' g = 0.359) than females by 4.7% and 9–10‐year‐old age males long jumped farther (P = 0.007 and Hedges' g = 0.552) than females by 3.9%. The average between sex differences were larger than the within sex differences between the first through fourth place finishers in all but 9–10‐year‐old shot put. In all events, the greatest individual distance for a male exceeded that for a female. Therefore, the present data indicate that, in elite competition, males in the 8‐and‐under and 9–10‐year‐old age groups typically performed long jump and throw the shot put and javelin farther than females of the same age. Highlights: Males in the 8‐and‐under age group outperformed females of the same ages by 19.3% in shot put, 32.6% in javelin throw, and 4.7% in long jump.Males in the 9–10‐year‐old age group outperformed females of the same ages by 6.5% in shot put, 23.5% in javelin throw, and 3.9% in long jump.The average differences between the first through fourth place finishers within males and within females were smaller than the sex‐based differences between males and females in all but 9–10‐year‐old shot put. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Profiling sprint performance by assessing within-race velocity or time is crucial for understanding an athlete's capabilities and identifying areas for improvement. While traditional gold standard systems provide valid and reliable measurements, they are often costly, laboratory-based, or impractical for field-based settings. New Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) units (25 Hz) with higher sampling rates may address some of these limitations. The purpose of the project was to evaluate the concurrent validity and interunit reliability of 25-Hz GNSS units by examining their agreement with laser devices and timing gates for velocity measurements and sprint/interval times. Concurrent validity was assessed during a real track and field training session. Thirty subjects each completed 3 to 6 maximal 40-meter sprints, for a total of 106 sprints, while being assessed simultaneously through all systems. Interunit reliability was assessed by placing 3 GNSS units on a motor vehicle and completing 60 accelerations from 0 to 60 m. Low mean bias (,1%) and typical error less than, 2% for all measurements demonstrate excellent agreement between GNSS and criterion devices. The units demonstrated good reliability for the 0-10 m interval time (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 5 0.86), excellent reliability for all remaining 10 m to 60 m intervals (ICC50.91-0.99), sprint times 0-60m(ICC50.97), and maximal sprint velocity (ICC51.0). These GNSS units provide an efficient and feasible alternative to traditional measurement devices. For coaches, this technology offers a scalable method to concurrently assess the sprint performances of multiple athletes during training and competitions, enabling evidence-based decisions to guide athletic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A trajectory tracking control scheme is proposed in this paper to achieve unmanned underground construction of a new type of shaft boring machine. The body motion model is constructed, and the control relationship between the driving system and the body motion is deduced. MATLAB and Simulink simulate the joint of the track tracking process in the new shaft boring machine. The actual effect of the track tracking control scheme is validated by the track tracking field test of the new shaft boring machine. The results show that the new shaft boring machine can complete various complex track tracking tasks, with the maximum position error being less than 0.005 m. The running track and excavation areas of the boring machine are observed along with the track tracking field test of the new shaft boring machine, demonstrating that the track tracking control scheme makes the new shaft boring machine realize unmanned construction and verifies the co-simulation accuracy. The PID (proportional–integral–derivative control) algorithm can complete complex trajectory tracking tasks and promote the development of unmanned construction technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a case of radial tunnel syndrome in a female collegiate athlete involved in shot, hammer, and discus throwing. Topics include the symptoms and diagnosis of radial tunnel syndrome, its impact on athletic performance, and the treatment and rehabilitation options for affected athletes.

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of Churchill Downs Incorporated (CDI), a cornerstone of the Thoroughbred racing industry and the distinguished host of the Kentucky Derby™. Situated at a critical juncture in the rapidly evolving spheres of gambling and entertainment, CDI faces unique challenges and opportunities to maintain its preeminence and adapt to new market demands. Through the lens of the Service Triangle framework, this study not only explores CDI's strategic responses but also aims to contribute to broader theoretical discussions in sport management, particularly regarding how traditional sport organizations can innovate and evolve in the face of modern competitive pressures. CDI has been able to adapt successfully to competitive threats posed by the expansion of gambling in the US since the 1980s due to renovating and upgrading facilities and customer service experience and by expanding into other forms of gambling besides horseracing such as historical horse racing machines and sports gambling. The paper concludes with pragmatic recommendations aimed at reinforcing CDI's market leadership, enhancing customer satisfaction, and ensuring financial stability. With horseracing facing a shrinking market, this case analysis offers suggestions on how many tracks can stay competitive and thrive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transformer-based tracking algorithms have shown outstanding performance in the field of object tracking due to their powerful global information capture capability. However, the redundant background information in the search region results in interference and high computational complexity in searching for the tracked object. To address this problem, we design a partitioned token fusion and pruning strategy for one-stream transformer trackers. The strategy can achieve a better balance between information retention and interference reduction, and it can improve tracking robustness while accelerating inference. Specifically, we partition search tokens into high-correlation, medium-correlation, and low-correlation based on their relevance to the object template. The feature information in the medium-correlation part is fused into the high-correlation part. Low-correlation tokens are directly discarded. Through the differentiated partitioned token fusion and pruning strategy, we not only reduce the number of tokens in the input network, thus reducing the high computational cost of the transformer, but also improve the robustness of tracking by retaining the useful information of the medium-relevant features while reducing the weight of the accompanying background noise information. The proposed strategy has been comprehensively evaluated experimentally in several challenging public benchmarks, and the results show that our approach achieves excellent overall performance compared with current state-of-the-art tracking methods. [Display omitted] • A one-stream tracker that suppresses disturbing search token information is proposed. • A partitioned token fusion and pruning strategy is proposed for search tokens. • The tracker using this strategy obtains better tracking speed and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prediction and identification of faults in track circuits are crucial for improving the safety and efficiency of railway transportation. However, due to the absence of real data, the task of track circuit fault prediction through deep learning methods facing significant challenges. This paper proposed a novel heterogeneous transfer learning network structure for track circuit deep learning fault prediction. The proposed transfer learning network can reduce the reliance on track circuit data in the process of deep learning models training by utilizing public datasets from other similar tasks. In this paper, an index describing the data distribution is used to demonstrate the transferability between heterogeneous data firstly. Then a heterogeneous transfer learning network structure is proposed to help the deep learning model training on the track circuit fault prediction task. Finally, the effect of transfer learning is comprehensively examined. The simulation experimental results show that the proposed heterogeneous transfer learning network structure can transfer useful knowledge in other similar fields for tasks in track circuit fault prediction, and the resulting model can distinguish between nine different classes with a high accuracy level over 99% on the test dataset while reducing the amount of required training data to 10% of the traditional training methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Athlete burnout potentially has negative consequences for sport performance. However, to the best of our knowledge, empirical studies have yet to examine the relationship between athlete burnout and objective sport performance. Consequently, we aimed to provide a first such examination. To do so, we recruited three samples. We used Sample 1 (n = 106: track and field athletes) to examine the predictive utility of athlete burnout on a single performance, Sample 2 (n = 181: swimmers) to examine whether the findings from Sample 1 can be replicated in a different sport, and Sample 3 (n = 169: track and field athletes) to examine the predictive utility of athlete burnout on peak performance in a three-month period. Finally, having captured three samples each assessing the athlete burnout-performance relationship, we also sought to quantify the combined effect across these samples using a relatively new analytical technique – mini meta-analysis. Results from regression analyses showed that in at least two of the three samples total burnout, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation each negatively predicted performance, whereas emotional and physical exhaustion was unrelated to performance. When we combined the samples, mini meta-analysis showed that total burnout, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation each displayed a small-to-medium negative and significant meta-correlation with performance. The findings suggest that certain athlete burnout symptoms may indeed have negative consequences for sport performance, and that this is the case when considering a single performance and peak performance. • Total burnout was shown to negatively predict sport performance for a one-off competition and peak competition performance in a three-month period. • Both reduced sense of accomplishment and sport devaluation were each shown to negatively predict sport performance for a one-off competition and peak competition performance in a three-month period. • Emotional and physical exhaustion did not predict sport performance for a one-off competition or peak competition performance in a three-month period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]