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Context: Mental health is a growing area of concern for elite athletes., Objective: To determine the sex differences in mental health symptoms in elite athletes., Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were used., Study Selection: Included studies included comparisons of mental health symptoms of athletes by sex., Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA guidelines., Level of Evidence: Level 2a., Data Extraction: The rate ratio (RR) was calculated as the rates in female and male athletes. Data were pooled using a random-effects model., Results: Of 1945 articles identified, 60 articles were included. Male athletes reported higher alcohol misuse (RR, 0.74; CI, 0.68-0.80), illicit drug abuse (RR, 0.82; CI, 0.75-0.89), and gambling problems (RR, 0.14; CI, 0.08-0.25). Female athletes reported higher overall anxiety (RR, 1.17; CI, 1.08-1.27), depression (RR, 1.42; CI, 1.31-1.54), distress (RR, 1.98; CI, 1.40-2.81), and disordered eating (RR, 2.19; CI, 1.58-3.02). Sleep disturbances were reported at similar rates in male and female athletes (RR, 1.13; CI, 0.98-1.30)., Conclusion: Female and male athletes have significant differences in reported mental health symptoms. Female athletes are more likely to report anxiety, depression, distress, and disordered eating, while male athletes report more alcohol misuse, illicit drug abuse, and gambling. Monitoring and evaluation of mental health is a necessary part of any sport, including access to resources. Longitudinal studies following athletes over time to determine the development and causation for mental health symptoms should be included in future research directions., Competing Interests: The following author declared potential conflicts of interest: M.E.K. has received education payments from Stryker.

Background: Managing psoriasis and its comorbidities, particularly psoriatic arthritis, often involves using IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors. However, the comparative risk of these treatments still needs to be explored., Objective: This study evaluates the risk of developing psoriatic arthritis in patients treated with IL23 inhibitors compared to IL-12/23 inhibitors., Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the TriNetX, including adult patients diagnosed with psoriasis. Patients with IL-23 or IL-12/23 inhibitors treatment were included and propensity score matched. The primary outcome was the incidence of arthropathic psoriasis, analyzed using a Cox regression hazard model and Kaplan-Meier estimates., Results: The study included matched cohorts of patients treated with IL-23 inhibitors (n=2,273) and IL-12/23 inhibitors (n=2,995). Cox regression analysis revealed no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of arthropathic psoriasis between the IL-23i and IL-12/23i cohorts (p = 0.812). Kaplan-Meier estimates confirmed similar cumulative incidences of arthropathic psoriasis in both cohorts over the study period., Limitation: Long-term follow-up studies are required to understand more of the effects of these interleukin inhibitors., Conclusion: No significant difference but a numerically lower risk of PsA in PsO patients treated with IL-23 inhibitors than with IL-12/23 inhibitors, underscoring their comparable efficacy in PsO management and follow-up., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)