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Purpose/objectives: Tooth carvings are evaluated subjectively. However, subjective evaluations are associated with low intra‐ and inter‐evaluator reliability in providing feedback for the fabrication of better tooth carvings. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between subjective evaluation and the morphological characteristics of tooth carvings and their morphological characteristics using the feedback method in the low‐scoring group. Methods: Between April 2013 and September 2021, 120 maxillary left first molar carvings fabricated by undergraduate students were subjectively evaluated by an experienced instructor using a five‐point scale. The tooth carvings were scanned to obtain three‐dimensional shape data and divided into two groups, the high‐ and low‐scoring groups, for principal component analysis. Homologous models with dimensions matching those of the average model were created, and principal component analysis was performed to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the tooth. Results: Principal component analysis indicated that an objective evaluation was possible using homologous model. On increasing the subjective evaluation, the occlusal inclination angle and the cervical region of the tooth became steeper, and the shape of the occlusal surface resembled a parallelogram. In addition, large morphological differences were observed in the position of the cervical region of the tooth, height of contour, and shape of the occlusal surface in the low‐scoring group, whereas no such difference was observed in the high‐scoring group. Conclusion: Objective evaluation of tooth carving was possible using homologous model. The evaluation of tooth morphological characteristics could be effective in providing feedback to undergraduate students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the incidence of intestinal Behçet disease (BD) in patients with BD., Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at The University of Tokyo Hospital, including patients with BD diagnosed between April 2005 and November 2023. Cox models and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to evaluate hazard ratios (HRs) and cumulative incidence of intestinal BD, respectively. Secondary analyses were performed to assess the duration and dose-response relationship of PPI use., Results: Among 194 patients with BD, 25.3% developed intestinal BD during a mean follow-up of 12 years. PPI users had a significantly higher incidence of intestinal BD compared to nonusers (adjusted HR 2.48, 95% CI 1.38-4.47, P = 0.002), with a confirmed duration/dose-dependent relationship. The cumulative incidence of intestinal BD was markedly elevated in PPI users (log-rank P < 0.001). The result was similar to that in the propensity score-matched cohort., Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant association between PPI use and increased incidence of intestinal BD in patients with BD. Caution in prescribing PPIs for patients with BD is warranted due to the potential risk of severe complications associated with intestinal BD.