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In this work by David B. Burrell, the concept of the importance given to language in the field of philosophy of religion, which is one of the sub-disciplines of philosophy, is discussed under different headings. In this study, the philosophical benefits that contribute to religious understanding are analyzed on the axis of medieval Jewish, Christian and Islamic studies. Under the heading of the importance of language, Thomas Aquinas is concerned with how we behave in linguistic expressions about God, and Bernard Lobergan, on the need for certainty, sees Thomas Aquinas as the founder of the paradigm, but presents Descartes as a definitive example in this regard. Under the heading of the evaluation of truth, the role of reason in the problem of truth is emphasized, followed by a discussion of how the existence of God is expressed through Aquinas' Summa Theologiae. In the section titled The Language of Imperfect Signification, it is pointed out that philosophers of religion differ in similar discourses when it comes to divinity. Although language is limited in relation to the concept of God, this problem is compensated for by the author by saying that the questioners are special creatures. As a result, this study has clarified the concept of preambula fidei (the highest divine knowledge) and clarified previously misunderstood studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this study is to investigate the most appropriate constraint-handling mechanism in the sewer hydraulic design optimization problem. For this purpose, Dandelion Optimizer, which has not been used before to solve this problem, was used. Since the considered problem is a constrained optimization problem, constraint-handling mechanisms are required to solve this problem. In this study, the effects of various constraint-handling mechanisms on the performance of the algorithm were investigated in two different sized sewer networks. The constraint-handling mechanisms used are static penalty method, dynamic penalty method, dynamic penalty method with the superiority of feasible points, exponential dynamic penalty method, exponential dynamic penalty method with the superiority of feasible points, eclectic penalty method, adaptive penalty method and inverse tangent method. Solution quality, solution time and progress ratio were used as performance criteria. The most consistent result among the constraint-handling mechanisms discussed, was the adaptive penalty method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to make improvements for the optimum operation of water pumping stations in order to reduce energy costs while meeting water demand continuously. In this article, a new algorithm (OSDPA-optimal simplified dynamic programming algorithm) has been developed by optimizing the previously developed SDPA (simplified dynamic programming algorithm) approach. The SDPA approach is most effective with straightforward systems, whereas the OSDPA approach is versatile, suitable for optimizing both simple and multi-stage, complex pumping systems. A water supply system with a multi-stage structure for Sakarya Water and Sewerage Administration (SASKİ) in Turkey has been used as a case study. The results show that the OSDPA approach can be quite successful in shifting the loads in the time period (peak) where the unit price is expensive to the time periods (night and day) where the unit price is cheaper. When compared with the conventional water level control (CWLC) approach, while SDPA saves about 18% for pump C in the second stage, about 22% for pump B, and about 19% for pump A in the first stage; OSDPA saved 39% for C pump, 41% for B pump and 24% for A pump. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenomenon: Physician immigration from other countries is increasing as developed countries continue to be desirable destinations for physicians; however, the determinants of Turkish physicians' migration decisions are still unclear. Despite its wide coverage in the media and among physicians in Türkiye, and being the subject of much debate, there is insufficient data to justify this attention. With this study, we aimed to investigate the tendency of senior medical students in Türkiye to pursue their professional careers abroad and its related factors. Approach: This cross-sectional study involved 9881 senior medical students from 39 different medical schools in Türkiye in 2022. Besides participants' migration decision, we evaluated the push and pull factors related to working, social environment and lifestyle in Türkiye and abroad, medical school education inadequacy, and personal insufficiencies, as well as the socioeconomic variables that may affect the decision to migrate abroad. The analyses were carried out with a participation rate of at least 50%. Findings: Of the medical students, 70.7% had emigration intentions. Approximately 60% of those want to stay abroad permanently, and 61.5% of them took initiatives such as learning a foreign language abroad (54.5%) and taking relevant exams (18.9%). Those who wanted to work in the field of Research & Development were 1.37 (95% CI: 1.22-1.54) times more likely to emigrate. The push factor that was related to emigration intention was the "working conditions in the country" (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.56-2.28) whereas the "social environment/lifestyle abroad" was the mere pull factor for the tendency of emigration (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.45-2.06). In addition, the quality problem in medical schools also had a significant impact on students' decisions (OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.83-2.65). Insights: Although the percentage of those who want to emigrate "definitely" was at the same level as in the other developing countries, the tendency to migrate "permanently" was higher in Türkiye. Improving working conditions in the country and increasing the quality of medical faculties seem vital in preventing the migration of physicians.

Background: Despite the widespread use of pressure cookers for quick and efficient cooking, literature has insufficiently highlighted the potential dangers resulting from inappropriate handling. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of 32 patients who presented with pressure cooker burns, emphasizing the serious risks associated with their misuse., Methods: Retrospective data were collected from patients admitted to Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital Burn Center between 2017 and 2020 with pressure cooker burns in Türkiye. Data encompassed patient characteristics, burn causes, locations, severities, treatments, and clinical outcomes., Results: The study included 32 patients (29 female/3 male) with a mean age of 42.3 (8-83). Patients were categorized based on burn areas, revealing associated injuries such as ocular (34.3%) and ear injuries (6.25%). The average hospital stay was 10.5 days [2-37]. While five pressure cookers exploded due to product-related issues, 26 explosions resulted from user errors (15.6%/81.2%). Importantly, no mortality was observed among the patients., Conclusion: While pressure cookers facilitate rapid food preparation, this study underscores the severe risks arising from product or usage errors. This study emphasizes the need for more effective usage instructions and increased awareness about pressure cookers to prevent burn risks. We anticipate that educational programs focused on safe pressure cooker use could significantly reduce the incidence of serious injuries.