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This article intends to explore the urban transformation of Gaziantep city during the Republican period, with a specific focus on its urban axes. Gaziantep, renowned for its historical legacy and economic vitality during a period of significant steps in shaping Turkey's national identity, also distinguishes itself through its urban renewal efforts. Urban axes serve as a reflection of the city's social, economic, and cultural transformation across the urban landscape. Preceding 1923, Gaziantep evolved organically around its castle, reflecting a lifestyle oriented towards security concerns. The city's structuring, primarily aligned with south-oriented axes, witnessed the imperative for residential areas with the surge in population during the Republic period. Subsequently, urban development unfolded within extant borders until the 1950s, bridging gaps between pre-existing neighborhoods. The inaugural zoning plan for Gaziantep was instituted in 1938 as part of citywide zoning initiatives. Despite the population growth towards the 20th century leading to density beyond planned areas, construction within designated zones commenced post-1975.This study underscores the guiding influence exerted by the extant axes of the historical city center in delineating novel zoning areas. The findings underscore the historical city center's indispensability in Gaziantep's evolution into a modern city. Beyond its role as a repository of cultural heritage, this region assumes a pivotal role in ensuring the sustainability of the modernization process. Consistent with historical urbanization traditions, the axes within the city, where new construction areas burgeon at the nexus of industrial and commercial activity, have evolved in tandem with sociological needs, prominently anchored in the historical city center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]