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Research has proved a close relationship between environments and physiological as well as psychological responses. However, existing research based on neuroscience experiments demonstrated a clear dichotomy between natural and built environments in the selection of exposure settings. There is very limited research analyzing and comparing the effects of different urban environments on individual psychological health. In addition, most previous studies focus on effects of the general scenes and the influences of specific elements and components within different scenes are less examined. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of four typical urban scenes, six specific elements and twenty-two components on physiological indicators and psychological responses. The physiological indicators included electroencephalography (EEG) and electrodermal activity (EDA), while the psychological responses were assessed using the profile of mood states (POMS) scale and the perceived restorativeness scale (PRS). The analytical results showed that different urban environments tend to have significantly varied, and even opposite impacts on the residents' psychological well-being. Certain urban environments like historical districts can have even greater positive impact on residents' emotions than natural areas. The perceived restoration of the same elements and components varied according to the urban scenes. These findings can provide guidance for health-oriented spaces planning and designing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sewage odour strengthened the impacts of the sound sources on crowd. • The effect of odour on crowd speed and duration time was not interact with sounds. • The effect of music on crowd was stronger than the effect of sewage odour. Sewage odour is a common pollution odour source produced by urban water bodies and negatively impacts people's behaviour. This study aimed to explore whether sound could change this negative effect. Therefore, a behaviour-observation experiment was conducted in a typical urban waterfront park using the sewage odour as the source of the pollution smell and playing typical sound sources in urban environments (music and fan sounds) with and without odour. The results showed that for crowd paths, music could significantly attract a crowd, fan sound or sewage odour could keep the crowd away. Furthermore, when there was sewage odour, the effects of the trends of approaching or receding from the sound sources caused by the music and fan sounds, respectively, have been strengthened. Sound and odour had relatively independent impacts on the crowd speed and duration time, reflected in the fact that music significantly reduced the crowd speed whereas fan sound and sewage odour significantly improved it. Music significantly increased the crowd duration time, while fan sound and sewage odour significantly reduced it. On this basis, the independent effects of sound and odour were superimposed, and the positive effect of music was stronger than the negative effect of sewage odour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental and economic drivers of behavior, a holistic approach encompassing multiple scales of analysis is needed. The current work aims to understand the specific role of physical environmental factors in predicting impulsivity and aggression. Using a dataset collected in summer 2022 (N=382), participants' impulsivity and aggression were analyzed as a function of economic hardship and environmental exposures using both neighborhood-level factors aggregated from publicly accessible data and participant-reported exposures. Significant positive associations were found between impulsivity and exposure to heat stress at home and via urban heat island effects. Aggression was related to greater economic hardship and less tree canopy at the neighborhood level. Exploratory analyses demonstrated that while home heat stress was predictive of all three subtypes of impulsivity, financial hardship was only associated with lack of planning ahead, but not inattentiveness or the tendency to act without thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]