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Early detection of malignancies, through regular cancer screening, has already proven to have potential to increase survival rates. Yet current screening methods rely on invasive, expensive tissue sampling that has hampered widespread use. Liquid biopsy is noninvasive and represents a potential approach to precision oncology, based on molecular profiling of body fluids. Among these, circulating cell-free RNA (cfRNA) has gained attention due to its diverse composition and potential as a sensitive biomarker. This review provides an overview of the processes of cfRNA delivery into the bloodstream and the role of cfRNA detection in the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Different types of cfRNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been recognized as potential biomarkers in CNS tumors. These molecules exhibit differential expression patterns in the plasma, cerebrospinalfluid (CSF) and urine of patients with CNS tumors, providing information for diagnosing the disease, predicting outcomes, and assessing treatment effectiveness. Few clinical trials are currently exploring the use of liquid biopsy for detecting and monitoring CNS tumors. Despite obstacles like sample standardization and data analysis, cfRNA shows promise as a tool in the diagnosis and management of CNS tumors, offering opportunities for early detection, personalized therapy, and improved patient outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work carried out in this study., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made significant strides due to advancements in processing algorithms and data availability. Recent years have shown a resurgence in AI, driven by breakthroughs in deep machine learning. AI has attracted particular interest in the medical sector, especially in the field of personalized medicine, which for example uses large-scale genomic and molecular data to predict individual patient treatment responses. The applications of AI in disease diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment are expanding rapidly, leading to a growing number of registered trials. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and evaluate clinical trials registered between January 1st 2016, and September 30th 2023 that connect AI and cancer. Our findings show that the number of clinical trials linking AI with cancer research has grown significantly compared to other diseases, with colorectal and breast tumour types showing the highest number of registered trials. The most frequent intervention was disease diagnosis and monitoring. Regarding countries, China and the United States hold the highest numbers of registered trials. In conclusion, oncology is a field with a great interest in AI, where the developed countries are leading the studies in this field. Unfortunately, developing countries are still crawling in this aspect and government policies should be made to improve that area., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work carried out in this study., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive method used to detect cancer and monitor treatment responses by analyzing blood or other bodily fluids for cancer biomarkers. Meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors, and biomarkers play a crucial role in their diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies meningiomas based on tumor grades and molecular alterations in genes such as in NF2, AKT1, TRAF7, SMO, PIK3CA, KLF4, SMARCE1, BAP1, H3K27me3, TERT promoter, and CDKN2A/B. Liquid biopsy, specifically cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis, has shown potential for monitoring meningiomas as it can detect ctDNA release in the blood, unaffected by the blood-brain barrier. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have also been found to be deregulated in various cancers, including meningiomas, presenting potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Additionally, studying cytokines in the tumor microenvironment may aid in establishing prognostic or diagnostic panels for meningiomas., Methods: In the present study we analyzed the DNA coming from both the plasma and tumor samples, in addition to analyze miRNA-21 and cytokines in the plasma of 28 meningioma patients., Discussion and Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the detection of ctDNA in the plasma of meningioma patients is feasible. However, it's important to note that certain challenges persist when comparing plasma DNA analysis to that of tumor tissues. In our study, we observed a paired identification of mutations in only one patient, highlighting the complexities involved. Furthermore, we successfully identified miR-21 and cytokines in the plasma samples. Notably, our analysis of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) unveiled higher expression in the clear cell subtype compared to the other types. Despite the ongoing research, the clinical implementation of liquid biopsy in meningiomas remains somewhat limited. Nevertheless, our promising results underscore the need for further investigation., Competing Interests: FA was employed by Rede D'Or. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The handling editor PG declared a past collaboration with the author VM-N., (Copyright © 2024 Aran, Lyra Miranda, Heringer, Carvalho da Fonseca, Andreiuolo, Chimelli, Devalle, Niemeyer Filho and Moura-Neto.)