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Aims: The primary objectives were to investigate the incidence rate (IR) of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Sardinian children aged 0-14 years in 2019-2022 and to examine the temporal trend from 1989-1999., Methods: Data from new-onset T1D patients aged 0-14 years who were residents of Sardinia were collected from all pediatric diabetology clinics. The overall, sex- and age specific (groups 0-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years), and calendar year IRs were calculated. The standardized IR (SIR) was also calculated using the direct method. Poisson regression was used to estimate the temporal trend in the SIRs from 1989-1999 to 2019-2022., Results: In 2019-2022, 512 patients aged 0-14 years were diagnosed with T1D in Sardinia. The overall IR was 73.9 per 100,000 person-years (95 % CI 67.6-80.0). Since 1989, the SIR has increased by 2.3 % per year (CI 1.7-2.8, p < 0.0001). The frequency of ketoacidosis at onset was 26.4 %, with no significant differences among the four years., Conclusions: The incidence of T1D in Sardinia, unlike in other countries such as Finland, has almost doubled in the last 20 years, and currently, it appears to be the highest in the world., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: The authors declare that they have no potential conflicts of interest related to this article. In the last 36 months, the authors reported the following conflicts of interest not specific to this work. C.R. received a speaker honorarium from Eli-Lilly and Sanofi and received support for attending meetings and travel from Medtronic, Theras, MOVI, and Roche. M.RC. received support for attending meetings and travel from Medtronic, Theras, and Roche. G.P. received support for attending meetings and travel from Medtronic, Theras, MOVI, and Roche. A.O. received support for attending meetings and travel from Medtronic, MOVI, and Theras. M.M.O., G.L.C., and A.C. received support for attending meetings and travel from Medtronic and MOVI. R.M. and M.P.S. received support for attending meetings and travel from Medtronic. M.R.A., G.M., A.P., G.P., V.C., P.B., L.C., and O.A. have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

As people age, they tend to spend more time indoors, and the colours in their surroundings may significantly impact their mood and overall well-being. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence to provide informed guidance on colour choices, irrespective of age group. To work towards informed choices, we investigated whether the associations between colours and emotions observed in younger individuals also apply to older adults. We recruited 7393 participants, aged between 16 and 88 years and coming from 31 countries. Each participant associated 12 colour terms with 20 emotion concepts and rated the intensity of each associated emotion. Different age groups exhibited highly similar patterns of colour-emotion associations (average similarity coefficient of .97), with subtle yet meaningful age-related differences. Adolescents associated the greatest number but the least positively biased emotions with colours. Older participants associated a smaller number but more intense and more positive emotions with all colour terms, displaying a positivity effect. Age also predicted arousal and power biases, varying by colour. Findings suggest parallels in colour-emotion associations between younger and older adults, with subtle but significant age-related variations. Future studies should next assess whether colour-emotion associations reflect what people actually feel when exposed to colour., (© 2023 The British Psychological Society.)