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Abstract Objective: The average age of patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been reported to have declined. Human papilloma virus (HPV)-related lesions have been shown to be associated with the expression of the immunohistochemical (IHC) marker p16. Non-HPV-related tumors have been characterized by p53 abnormal expression and PDL1 expression. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between these markers and vulvar SCC and to relate it to the clinical and pathological characteristics. Methods: Histopathologic assessments and IHC analyses of p16, p53, and PDL1 were performed in 41 samples of vulvar SCC collected between 2016 and 2021. The data were correlated with clinical and pathological characteristics of the patients. Results: The mean age of the patients was 72.1 years. Positive p16 and PDL1 staining was detected in 24.4% and 17.1% of the samples, respectively. p53 expression was negative in 19.5% of the samples, whereas it was overexpressed in 24.4%. p16-positive tumors showed a smaller depth of invasion (DOI) (p = 0.014), while tumors with p53 abnormal expression showed greater DOI (p = 0.041). PDL1 expression was correlated with increased number of inflammatory cells (p = 0.055). In addition, lesions with lymphovascular space invasion were p16-negative. Conclusion: In our sample, regarding to the SCC incidence the patients’ mean age did not change. The expression of p16 was inversely correlated with p53 results. Tumors with p53 abnormal expression and absence of p16 showed a greater DOI. Our data suggest an association between PDL1 expression and increased inflammatory infiltrates in vulvar SCC.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology has historically been considered a psychic ailment that is part of a mental disorder. However, it has often been proposed that it could play an adaptive role, in that it would prevent individuals from being exposed to content or situations that they would not be prepared to process. Within the literature on emotional regulation (ER), PTSD symptomatology has commonly been linked to the concept of emotional dysregulation (ED). However, some definitions open the possibility that traumatic symptomatology could be considered ER, from which delicate conclusions would follow. To resolve this dilemma, we turn to interdisciplinary dialogue, specifically with the aid of Thomistic anthropology, whose concepts allow us to understand precisely the relationship between voluntary and involuntary processes and the close relationship between the concepts of reason and regulation. Even though part of the PTSD symptomatology involves psychic mechanisms aimed at modifying emotional states, it is concluded that it is necessary to continue conceptualizing it as ED. The theoretical and practical implications of this discussion are reviewed.

Punching is a crucial element of mixed martial arts (MMA), often leading to knockouts (KO) or technical knockouts (TKOs). This study explored the relative foot positions of athletes, their stances, punch type executed, and the reliability of these variables to provide insights into effective punch application in MMA. We retrospectively examined MMA contests from the Ultimate Fighting Championship that ended via KO/TKO (2020 to 2022). Data were sourced from publicly available videos on the internet. Three analysts, each with at least three years of experience in striking combat sports and competitive MMA, conducted observations independently. Only critical strikes where all analysts agreed on the time and type of punch were included. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using the Cohen's kappa coefficient statistic (K). The k -means cluster analyses were used to identify the most frequently occurring front foot positions (FFP) and punch types (PT). All variables, except for the back foot position, demonstrated substantial or greater reliability (K = 0.64–0.92). Out of 271 contests, the most common fight-ending punches were the rear straight (n = 77, 29.2%), front hook (n = 71, 26.9%), and rear hook (n = 63, 23.9%). According to the cluster analysis, overall, the most common PT for athletes of the same stance was an outside FFP with a rear straight punch (n = 35, 14.4%). For competitors in opposite stances, the most common FFP was outside, with a rear hook punch (n = 16, 22.8%). Identifying common PTs, FFPs, and stances offers valuable insights for technical coaching and talent identification, aiding in refining training methods and improving MMA performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology has historically been considered a psychic ailment that is part of a mental disorder. However, it has often been proposed that it could play an adaptive role, in that it would prevent individuals from being exposed to content or situations that they would not be prepared to process. Within the literature on emotional regulation (ER), PTSD symptomatology has commonly been linked to the concept of emotional dysregulation (ED). However, some definitions open the possibility that traumatic symptomatology could be considered ER, from which delicate conclusions would follow. To resolve this dilemma, we turn to interdisciplinary dialogue, specifically with the aid of Thomistic anthropology, whose concepts allow us to understand precisely the relationship between voluntary and involuntary processes and the close relationship between the concepts of reason and regulation. Even though part of the PTSD symptomatology involves psychic mechanisms aimed at modifying emotional states, it is concluded that it is necessary to continue conceptualizing it as ED. The theoretical and practical implications of this discussion are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper reports about a non-intrusive diagnostic system able to measure the frequency of azimuthal instabilities inside the discharge channel of Hall Effect Thrusters (HETs) up to several hundreds of kHz in a real-time fashion. The innovative optical assembly, formed by an optimized sensor array, can help to drastically reduce the amount of processed data and the size of the opto-electronic front-end. The performances of the diagnostic system have been tested successfully during several tests on a HET in different regimes, showing an accuracy and reliability comparable with the state-of-the-art video recording methods. In order to test the real-time fashion of the diagnostic, we have monitor the time-evolution of the azimuthal mode spectra during the startup transient of the thruster, highlighting a redistribution of the oscillation energy among the different mode to an asymptotic stationary regime. The high compactness of the developed sensor array opens new possibilities to perform simultaneously multi-channel or species-selective real-time measurements, while the reduced electronics and power consumption pave the way to miniaturized tools for on-flight diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a case of a 22-year-old man experiencing abnormal movements in his neck and upper back following a blunt impact during martial arts training. The movements were non-rhythmic and tended to diminish with muscle activation or in a recumbent position. Electrophysiological evaluation confirmed a functional etiology of the movements, as they were entrainable and preceded by a Bereitschaftpotential. The study highlights the importance of considering a functional etiology in movement disorders post-injury and the role of electrophysiological assessment in accurate diagnosis. [Extracted from the article]