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Nickel aluminum bronze alloy, a complex alloy containing multiple phases, has become the most common material for naval propellers due to its good corrosion resistance. Traditional cast nickel aluminum bronze shows serious corrosion behavior in harsh service environments. This article reviews progress on the corrosion behaviors and corrosion mechanism of nickel aluminum bronze in highly corrosive and complex marine environments and systematically discusses the research status of the surface modification technologies such as laser surface strengthening, mechanical shot peening, friction stir and thermal spraying, and so on. To improve the comprehensive performance of nickel aluminum bronze, this work focuses on analyzing the effect of process parameters on the corrosion resistance of nickel aluminum bronze alloy while researching propeller blade surface modification technology. Finally, the future research and development direction of nickel aluminum bronze in the fields of laser and arc additive manufacturing is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Multiple families of detoxification genes, including the increasingly recognized family of ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, work together to influence the toxicity of synthetic insecticides and thus their resistance. Effective management of insecticide resistance requires identification of all toxicity‐affecting members from each family of toxicity‐related genes. RESULTS: Here, we used emamectin benzoate (EB), ABC transporters and Spodoptera frugiperda as a working case to test whether the strategy of 'from the model insect Drosophila melanogaster to agricultural pests' can identify all or most ABC transporter members related to EB tolerance in S. frugiperda. After confirming the involvement of ABC transporters in the toxicity of EB against fruit fly with the ABC inhibitor verapamil, four ABC transporter genes (DmCG3327, DmCG11147, DmCG4822, and DmCG7627) were found to be involved in EB tolerance using RNA interference‐based family‐wide functional screening. A combination of phylogenic analysis and a reciprocal TBLASTN search identified five S. frugiperda ABC transporter members as homologs (SfABCC4, SfABCG1, and SfABCG23) or one‐way best hits (SfABCG4 and SfABCG20) of the four fly ABC genes. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis found that all five S. frugiperda ABC transporter genes were inducible by EB, and expressed in all the developmental stages and larval tissues, but with significant quantitative differences among stages and tissues. A cytotoxicity assay of ABC‐overexpressing Sf9 cell lines showed that all the five S. frugiperda ABC transporter genes made Sf9 cells tolerant to EB. CONCLUSIONS: This study not only identifies nine ABC transporter genes related to EB tolerance from D. melanogaster (four genes) and S. frugiperda (five genes), but also demonstrates the utility and effectiveness of the 'model to pests' strategy to identify most toxicity‐affecting members from a given family of toxicity‐related genes. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we selected walnut shell-derived pristine HC (pHC) and two modified derivatives obtained by oxidative and alkali treatments (designated mHC-O and mHC-A, respectively) to investigate the passivation performance of Pb(II) in contaminated soil. The yields of mHC-A and mHC-O were 70.58% and 95.38%, respectively, after posttreatment. According to the XPS, FTIR, and acidity titration results, the amounts of the three major OCGs (i.e. C−O, C=O, and O−C=O) all increased after H2O2 oxidation. Moreover, chemical modification fundamentally changed the structural characteristics of pHC. DTPA extraction tests indicated that the extractable Pb content after 30 days of incubation decreased by 13.60%, 19.32% and 14.53% at 7% (w/w) doses of HC, mHC-O and mHC-A, respectively, compared to that of the control. Furthermore, mHC-O was superior to pHC and mHC-A in terms of Pb passivation efficiency, which was consistent with the results of BCR sequential extraction and leaching tests using three root exudates. For mHC-O at the 7% dose, the contents of bioavailable Pb in the contaminated soil were 19.85 and 8.83 mg/kg based on DTPA leaching and BCR analysis, respectively, while they were 0.616, 0.564 and 0.07 mg/kg in the root exudate leaching tests of Ophiopogon japonicus, radish and spinach, respectively, indicating that the root exudate leaching method lowered the bioavailable Pb content compared to the DTPA and BCR methods. Overall, Oxidation posttreatment with HC could improve the passivation of Pb in contaminated soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) device has drawn great attention due to their outstanding efficiency and color purity. However, the efficiency of solution-processed MR-TADF devices is still far behind their vacuum-deposited counterparts, due to the uncontrollable horizontal emitting dipole orientation for emitters during solution process, resulting in low light out-coupling efficiency. Here, we proposed a new strategy namely electrostatic interaction between a dendritic host with high positive electrostatic potential (ESP) and dendritic emitter with multiple negative ESP sites, which could induce high horizontal dipole ratio (ΘII) up to 83.0% in solution-processed films. For this couple, the largest plane of dendritic host tends to anchor on the substrate, and thus the strong positive electrostatic site mainly lies at the exposed tetraphenylsilicon, which could electrostatically attract the multiple negative electrostatic sites of the dendritic emitter, realizing horizontal dipole orientation. Moreover, the highly twisted structure of dendritic host and dendron encapsulation of emitter could effectively suppress aggregation, leading a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 98.6%. As a result, the solution-processed blue MR-TADF devices exhibit a record-break external quantum efficiency of 35.3%, as well as narrow bandwidth of 17 nm and pure blue color with CIE coordinates of (0.137, 0.176)., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Organic-inorganic halide perovskite single crystals (SCs) have shown great potential in radiation detection applications due to their large radiation stopping power and excellent carrier transport properties. The spatial-confined inverse-temperature crystallization (ITC) method has been widely adopted to obtain large-sized SCs. However, they usually face the problems of uneven stress distribution and high defect density due to the limited crystal growth space and varied growth rate with the increase in temperature, making it difficult to fabricate highly sensitive and stable radiation detectors. In this study, the steady-state inverse-temperature crystallization method (SS-ITC) is developed to regulate the growth process of SCs by controlling the growth speed precisely to achieve a constant rate of growth as the temperature increases. Compared with the conventional ITC-grown samples, the lattice spacing of SCs prepared by the SS-ITC method is reduced by 1.2% due to tensile stress relaxation, resulting in a lower defect density of 7.93 × 10 9  cm -3 and a remarkable uniformity over a large area. As a result, the co-planar X-ray detectors based on these high-quality SCs exhibit a high sensitivity of 1.67 × 10 5 µC Gy air -1  cm -2 , representing the best performing MAPbBr 3 -based X-ray detectors reported to date., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)