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The axial fan plays a vital role in the safe production of the mine, and in this paper, a mine axial flow ventilator is designed through numerical simulation to meet the demand of air exchange inside and outside of the mine, so as to maintain the oxygen supply of the mine and discharge the harmful gases. Finite element analysis of four structural factors of axial fan blade installation angle, number of blades, deflector plate, rotational speed, drawing fan wind pressure and rotational speed cloud diagram, calculation of axial power, by analyzing the distribution of the cloud diagram to design the shape of the fan blade, and derive the change rule of the wind pressure when changing the structure of the fan. By using gradient descent method to control the percentage of imported mass flow rate, the P-Q performance curve of the fan is obtained, which optimizes its aerodynamic performance, improves efficiency, and extends its service life.

In outdoor unmanned forklift unloading scenarios, pallet detection and localization face challenges posed by uncontrollable lighting conditions. Furthermore, the stacking and close arrangement of pallets also increase the difficulty of positioning a target pallet. To solve these problems, a method for high-precision positioning and rotation angle estimation for a target pallet using the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and vision is proposed. Deep dual-resolution networks (DDRNets) are used to segment the pallet from depth images and RGB images. Then, keypoints for calculating the position and rotation angle are extracted and further combined with the 3D point cloud data to achieve accurate pallet positioning. Constraining the pixel coordinates and depth coordinates of the center point of the pallet and setting the priority of the pallet according to the unloading direction allow the target pallet to be identified from multiple pallets. The positioning of the target pallet in the forklift navigation coordinate system is achieved by integrating BDS positioning data through coordinate transformation. This method is robust in response to lighting influences and can accurately locate the target pallet. The experimental results show that the pallet positioning error is less than 20 mm, and the rotation angle error is less than 0.37°, which meets the accuracy requirements for automated forklift operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The facial expression reflects a person's emotion, cognition, and even physiological or mental state to a large extent. It has important application value in medical treatment, business, criminal investigation, education, and human-computer interaction. Automatic facial expression recognition technology has become an important research topic in computer vision. To solve the problems of insufficient feature extraction, loss of local key information, and low accuracy in facial expression recognition, this article proposes a facial expression recognition network based on attention double branch enhanced fusion. Two parallel branches are used to capture global enhancement features and local attention semantics respectively, and the fusion and complementarity of global and local information is realized through decision-level fusion. The experimental results show that the features extracted by the network are made more complete by fusing and enhancing the global and local features. The proposed method achieves 89.41% and 88.84% expression recognition accuracy on the natural scene face expression datasets RAF-DB and FERPlus, respectively, which is an excellent performance compared with many current methods and demonstrates the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed network model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent glass ceramics embedded with YbOF: Er3+ nanocrystals were successfully prepared by melt quenching and cooling methods. The structure and morphology of the YbOF nanocrystals were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The significant enhancement of upconversion luminescence confirms the doping of Er3+ into the precipitated YbOF nanocrystals. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the upconversion luminescence was systematically investigated using the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique under 980 nm excitation. The FIR of the two thermally coupled energy levels of Er3+ ion was validated to be suitable used as temperature probes. The maximum thermal relative sensitivity is about 1.02% K− 1 at 300 K. The results indicate that glass ceramics embedded with YbOF: Er3+ nanocrystals can be used as candidates for temperature sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anthracnose, mainly caused by Colletotrichum fructicola, leads to severe losses in pear production. However, there is limited information available regarding the molecular response to anthracnose in pears. Results: In this study, the anthracnose-resistant variety 'Seli' and susceptible pear cultivar 'Cuiguan' were subjected to transcriptome analysis following C. fructicola inoculation at 6 and 24 h using RNA sequencing. A total of 3186 differentially expressed genes were detected in 'Seli' and 'Cuiguan' using Illumina sequencing technology. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses indicated that the transcriptional response of pears to C. fructicola infection included responses to reactive oxygen species, phytohormone signaling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and secondary metabolite biosynthetic processes. Moreover, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were involved in the defense of 'Seli'. Furthermore, the gene coexpression network data showed that genes related to plant–pathogen interactions were associated with C. fructicola resistance in 'Seli' at the early stage. Conclusion: Our results showed that the activation of specific genes in MAPK, calcium signaling pathways and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was highly related to C. fructicola resistance in 'Seli' and providing several potential candidate genes for breeding anthracnose-resistant pear varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Orthogonal Time Frequency Space Modulation (OTFS) has gained popularity in integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) system due to its robustness against Doppler offset and delay changes. Traditional pilot‐based methods for accurate channel parameter estimation are complex and struggle with rapidly changing channel conditions. In this letter, a deep encode‐decode network (DED‐Net) is proposed. It uses DL to automatically learn and eliminate channel interference from OTFS signals. The framework employs a deep encoding and decoding network, similar to a filter, learning complex signal features to effectively remove interference. Our experiments demonstrate DED‐Net's ability to eliminate interference in OTFS modulation signals, offering an alternative to pilot‐based methods and showcasing DL's potential for ISAC systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high costs of disclosing confidential information lead firms with proprietary information to prefer private debt (bank loan) to public debt (corporate bond). We provide empirical evidence supporting this proposition using the staggered adoption of the inevitable disclosure doctrine (IDD) by US state courts that exogenously increased the value of proprietary information. The focal firms are significantly less likely to issue bonds after the IDD adoption. Financing through public debt decreases more for firms in which the protection of proprietary information is relatively more important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease. We identified plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) as an independent risk factor in patients with AAA by correlating plasma IGF1 with risk. Smooth muscle cell– or fibroblast-specific knockout of Igf1r, the gene encoding the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R), attenuated AAA formation in two mouse models of AAA induced by angiotensin II infusion or CaCl2 treatment. IGF1R was activated in aortic aneurysm samples from human patients and mice with AAA. Systemic administration of IGF1C, a peptide fragment of IGF1, 2 weeks after disease development inhibited AAA progression in mice. Decreased AAA formation was linked to competitive inhibition of IGF1 binding to its receptor by IGF1C and modulation of downstream alpha serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. Localized application of an IGF1C-loaded hydrogel was developed to reduce the side effects observed after systemic administration of IGF1C or IGF1R antagonists in the CaCl2-induced AAA mouse model. The inhibitory effect of the IGF1C-loaded hydrogel administered at disease onset on AAA formation was further evaluated in a guinea pig-to-rat xenograft model and in a sheep-to-minipig xenograft model of AAA formation. The therapeutic efficacy of IGF1C for treating AAA was tested through extravascular delivery in the sheep-to-minipig model with AAA established for 2 weeks. Percutaneous injection of the IGF1C-loaded hydrogel around the AAA resulted in improved vessel flow dynamics in the minipig aorta. These findings suggest that extravascular administration of IGF1R antagonists may have translational potential for treating AAA. Editor's summary: An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is life threatening and has limited therapeutic options. Wei et al. showed that localized inhibition of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) protected against AAA. Humans with AAA had increased IGF1 and IGF1R in aortic tissue. In mice treated with angiotensin II infusion or calcium chloride to induce AAA, IGF1R was increased, and genetic deletion of Igf1r in smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts decreased AAA pathology. IGF1C, a peptide fragment of IGF1, inhibited IGF1R in human cells in culture and in the two mouse models, resulting in decreased AAA pathology. In both a rat and minipig model of aorta xenotransplantation to induce AAA, the application of a hydrogel containing IGF1C to the aorta decreased AAA pathology. Inhibiting IGF1R in AAA may be a treatment for slowing AAA. —Brandon Berry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasmodiophora brassicae is one of the biggest threats to cruciferous plants and one of the most economically significant diseases worldwide. However, our current understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms remains limited. In this study, we have identified an effector, Pb257, which plays a crucial role in the virulence of P. brassicae. The expression pattern analysis revealed continuous induction of Pb257 during both primary and secondary infections. Ectopic expression of Pb257 strongly triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana and several other plants, which was dependent on SOBIR1 and the salicylic acid pathway but not BAK1, a central molecular regulator, to mediate classical defense pathways. Overexpression of Pb257 increased susceptibility of Brassica rapa to P. brassicae. Silencing of the Pb257-encoding gene led to reduce root swelling. Further investigation showed that the conserved GOLD domain within Pb257 was essential for inducing root enlargement, which is similar to the mild symptoms of clubroot, indicating that it is an important effector for promoting root cell enlargement. GOLD domain-containing family proteins were widely present in the kingdoms of protozoa, fungi, and animalia, and Pb257 was clustered into a clade of protozoa, suggesting the encoding gene as a potential marker gene for classification of P. brassicae. The GOLD domain-containing proteins are known regulators involved in human cell proliferation and immune system disruption, however, no previous reports have described a pathogen-derived GOLD domain protein with elicitor activity. Our findings demonstrate that Pb257 functions as a crucial effector contributing to the virulence of P. brassicae and could be used as a potential molecular target for controlling clubroot disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-activated phosphors have attracted considerable attention due to their low synthesis temperature, high excitation threshold, and broad emission spectrum. And self-activated tungstate phosphors are distinguished by their low cost and stable chemical properties. Generally, it is difficult to observe luminescence from tungstate phosphors at room temperature. Furthermore, blue-emitting tungstate phosphors with high quantum efficiency are rarely reported. In this study, we succeeded in discovering high quantum-efficiency bluish-white-emitting Li 2 (Mg x Zn 1- x ) 2 W 2 O 9 phosphors and investigating their detailed crystal structures. Upon near-ultraviolet excitation at 266 nm, these phosphors exhibit a broadband emission peak. The red shift of emission is slight with increasing Zn content in Li 2 (Mg x Zn 1- x ) 2 W 2 O 9 . A highly compact octahedral [WO 6 ] unit is observed in the Li 2 (Mg x Zn 1- x ) 2 W 2 O 9 phosphors. The phosphors exhibit high internal quantum efficiencies (IQEs) of 68.70% (M = Mg), 43.90% (M = Mg 0.5 Zn 0.5 ), and 22.90% (M = Zn), respectively. This study provides a bluish-white-emitting tungstate phosphor with high quantum efficiency.

Introduction: Smoking is one of the most important predisposing factors of intestinal inflammatory diseases. Heated tobacco product (HTP) is a novel tobacco category that is claimed to deliver reduced chemicals to human those reported in combustible cigarette smoke (CS). However, the effect of HTP on intestine is still unknown., Methods: In the framework of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines 413 guidelines, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to HTP aerosol and CS for 13 weeks. The atmosphere was characterized and oxidative stress and inflammation of intestine were investigated after exposure. Furthermore, the faeces we performed with 16S sequencing and metabolomics analysis., Results: HTP aerosol and CS led to obvious intestinal damage evidenced by increased intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in male and female rats After HTP and CS exposure, the abundance that obviously changed were Lactobacillus and Turiciacter in male rats and Lactobacillus and Prevotella in female rats. HTP mainly induced the metabolism of amino acids and fatty acyls such as short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan, while CS involved into the main metabolism of bile acids, especially indole and derivatives. Although different metabolic pathways in the gut mediated by HTP and CS, both to inflammation and oxidative stress were ultimately induced., Conclusions: HTP aerosol and CS induced intestinal damage mediated by different gut microbiota and metabolites, while both lead to inflammation and oxidative stress., Implications: The concentration of various harmful components in heated tobacco product aerosol is reported lower than that of traditional cigarette smoke, however, its health risk impact on consumers remains to be studied. Our research findings indicate that heated tobacco product and cigarette smoke inhalation induced intestinal damage through different metabolic pathways mediated by gut microbiome, indicating the health risk of heated tobacco product in intestine., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)