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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) stands as a prevalent subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, leading to disease recurrence and low survival rates. PPARγ, a ligand-dependent nuclear transcription factor, holds significance in tumor development. However, the role of PPARγ in the development of OSCC has not been fully elucidated. Through transcriptome sequencing analysis, we discovered a notable enrichment of ferroptosis-related molecules upon treatment with PPARγ antagonist. We subsequently confirmed the occurrence of ferroptosis through transmission electron microscopy, iron detection, etc. Notably, ferroptosis inhibitors could not completely rescue the cell death caused by PPARγ inhibitors, and the rescue effect was the greatest when disulfidptosis and ferroptosis inhibitors coexisted. We confirmed that the disulfidptosis phenotype indeed existed. Mechanistically, through qPCR and Western blotting, we observed that the inhibition of PPARγ resulted in the upregulation of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), thereby promoting ferroptosis, while solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) was also upregulated to promote disulfidptosis in OSCC. Finally, a flow cytometry analysis of flight and multiplex immunohistochemical staining was used to characterize the immune status of PPARγ antagonist-treated OSCC tissues in a mouse tongue orthotopic transplantation tumor model, and the results showed that the inhibition of PPARγ led to ferroptosis and disulfidptosis, promoted the aggregation of cDCs and CD8+ T cells, and inhibited the progression of OSCC. Overall, our findings reveal that PPARγ plays a key role in regulating cell death in OSCC and that targeting PPARγ may be a potential therapeutic approach for OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing polymers with high electrical conductivity (σ) after n‐doping is a great challenge for the advance of the field of organic thermoelectrics (OTEs). Herein, we report a series of thiazole imide‐based n‐type polymers by gradually increasing selenophene content in polymeric backbone. Thanks to the strong intramolecular noncovalent N⋅⋅⋅S interaction and enhanced intermolecular Se⋅⋅⋅Se interaction, with the increase of selenophene content, the polymers show gradually lowered LUMOs, more planar backbone, and improved film crystallinity versus the selenophene‐free analogue. Consequently, polymer PDTzSI−Se with the highest selenophene content achieves a champion σ of 164.0 S cm−1 and a power factor of 49.0 μW m−1 K−2 in the series when applied in OTEs after n‐doping. The σ value is the highest one for n‐type donor‐acceptor OTE materials reported to date. Our work indicates that selenophene substitution is a powerful strategy for developing high‐performance n‐type OTE materials and selenophene incorporated thiazole imides offer an excellent platform in enabling n‐type polymers with high backbone coplanarity, deep‐lying LUMO and enhanced mobility/conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dopant‐free hole transport layers (HTLs) play a crucial role in achieving high‐efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, only a limited number of these HTLs have demonstrated power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) surpassing 21%. Herein, the design and synthesis of two polymeric HTLs with a novel DA'D–A backbone are presented. The incorporation of two A units (benzothiazole and imide functionalized aromatics) in the polymer imparts a rigid backbone, high mobility, appropriate film morphology, excellent thermal stability, and a deeper highest occupied molecular orbital energy level, crucial for achieving a more suitable energy‐level alignment between HTL and perovskite layer. Notably, the champion PSC based on our HTLs exhibits a remarkable PCE of 22.02% with minimal hysteresis and excellent thermal stability, surpassing the performance of devices based on the benchmark polymeric HTL PTAA under identical conditions. These findings underscore the immense potential of our DA'D‐A backbone strategy in developing high‐performance dopant‐free polymer HTLs for enhancing the PCE of PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing polymers with high electrical conductivity (σ) after n-doping is a great challenge for the advance of the field of organic thermoelectrics (OTEs). Herein, we report a series of thiazole imide-based n-type polymers by gradually increasing selenophene content in polymeric backbone. Thanks to the strong intramolecular noncovalent N⋅⋅⋅S interaction and enhanced intermolecular Se⋅⋅⋅Se interaction, with the increase of selenophene content, the polymers show gradually lowered LUMOs, more planar backbone, and improved film crystallinity versus the selenophene-free analogue. Consequently, polymer PDTzSI-Se with the highest selenophene content achieves a champion σ of 164.0 S cm -1 and a power factor of 49.0 μW m -1  K -2 in the series when applied in OTEs after n-doping. The σ value is the highest one for n-type donor-acceptor OTE materials reported to date. Our work indicates that selenophene substitution is a powerful strategy for developing high-performance n-type OTE materials and selenophene incorporated thiazole imides offer an excellent platform in enabling n-type polymers with high backbone coplanarity, deep-lying LUMO and enhanced mobility/conductivity., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)