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The MoS 2 -based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) exhibited excellent pervaporation separation for aromatic compounds, but the narrow interlayer spacing and few affinity sites in MoS 2 limited the simultaneous improvement in the total flux and separation factor. Therefore, constructing 2-PE transport channels and affinity sites in MMMs is of significant importance to improve the pervaporation separation performance. Herein, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (IL) was intercalated into the interlayer of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2) under electrostatic and concentration diffusion interactions to obtain IL@MoS 2. Then, IL@MoS 2 was incorporated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to prepare MMMs for efficient 2-PE separation, which had good miscibility with polymer matrix. The total flux, separation factor and pervaporation separation index of as-prepared MMMs reached 1466 g m−2 h−1, 33 and 47,571 g m−2 h−1, separately, which increased by 26 %, 31 % and 44 % compared with that of PDMS embedding with MoS 2. This is because IL@MoS 2 in MMMs not only can afford 2-PE transport channels, but also provide 2-PE affinity sites due to the hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions, which promotes the solubility of 2-PE in MMMs. When the concentration of maltol increased to 1500 ppm in 2-PE aqueous solution, the 2-PE flux and separation factor of 2-PE/water only decreased by 23 % and 26 %, revealing that MMMs had good 2-PE selectivity in 2-PE/maltol/water mixture. In addition, it displayed exceptional durability during 168 h testing, demonstrating that this membrane had a good application prospect for 2-PE separation. [Display omitted] • The interlayer spacing of MoS 2 was regulated by intercalation modification of IL to prepare IL@MoS 2. • IL@MoS 2 was incorporated into PDMS to engineer MMMs for 2-PE pervaporation separation. • IL@MoS 2 in MMMs intensified 2-PE pervaporation separation due to the hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. • MMMs had a flux of 1466 g m−2 h−1 with a separation factor of 33 which was higher than that embedded with MoS 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The new digital shearography meets the requirements of high standards, making it suitable for dynamic tests while providing high-quality phase maps. • Both shearing direction and amount can be controlled quantitatively and accurately. • Phase maps can be evaluated with a single exposure. • High light efficiency and accurate phase demodulation lead to high-quality phase maps. Digital shearography (DS), a laser-based optical interferometric method, is widely employed for measuring the first-order derivative of an object's surface deformation. Unlike digital holography, DS integrates self-reference optics, enhancing resistance to environmental disturbance and improving detection sensitivity, making it ideal for non-destructive testing (NDT). DS finds applications in diverse fields such as material inspection, fluid property research, medical diagnostics, cultural heritage restoration, and military defense. The conventional temporal phase-shift (TPS) method encounters limitations in dynamic tests, leading to the introduction of the spatial phase-shift (SPS) method. However, SPS is restricted by aperture size, impacting the phase map quality. The spatial light modulator (SLM) introduces a novel approach to DS system development, enabling quantitative shearing adjustments through precise SLM control. Existing DS systems using traditional phase-shift technology rely on interferometers and struggle to achieve high-quality phase maps with a single exposure. The proposed high-performance DS, leveraging both SLM and a micro-polarizer camera, overcomes this limitation, facilitates single-exposure phase map evaluation with the polarization phase-shift technique, and eliminates the need for a tiny aperture, enhancing light beam utilization and phase map quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Multi-level point cloud processing scheme that significantly improves the quality of point cloud fusion. • The solution has the ability to process static and dynamic multi-view point clouds. • Digital image correlation can easily generate enough point cloud data. Post-processing of the initial point cloud is one of the important ways to improve the measurement accuracy of digital image correlation (DIC). In this study, a multi-level point cloud optimization scheme is proposed for processing point clouds of multi-view images in DIC systems. Dense point clouds obtained after interpolation of primary point clouds from multi-view images contain noise. First, the local Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm is proposed to retain local features while removing coarse matching points. Defects are filled in by the adaptive cavity repair technique based on information around the cavities and restores the original surface shape to the greatest extent. Finally, a multi-layer surface filtering is executed to smooth the mesh. Experiments verify the comprehensive performance of the multi-level optimization scheme, providing excellent results in point cloud fusion, cavity repair, and mesh smoothing, regardless of static 3D reconstruction or dynamic deformation measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Search Strategy Selection Criteria Data Collection and Analysis Main Results Conclusions Adverse pregnancy outcomes, which can be caused by multiple factors, present a significant threat to the health of mothers and their babies. Cell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA) from placental trophoblast cells might be able to reflect placental and fetal status. Previous studies have yielded controversial results regarding the association of FF or cffDNA with various adverse pregnancy outcomes. A previous study has attempted to systematically assess the association between low fetal fraction (FF) and adverse pregnancy outcomes, but it failed to perform quantitative analyses due to the few studies included. In the present study, we attempted to quantitatively assess the association of FF (or cffDNA) with adverse pregnancy outcomes and further analyze the causes of heterogeneity.To investigate the association of high/low FF or cffDNA with adverse pregnancy outcomes.We searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science from January 1, 1990, to June 15, 2022 in this meta‐analysis.Studies on the relationships of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with FF or cell free DNA were included. Non‐English literature was excluded.Data about pregnancy outcomes and cell free DNA were extracted and meta‐analyzed. Subgroup analysis was performed by different outcomes.There were 11 studies included involving 8280 participants. No significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I2 = 27%, 25%), and a fixed‐effect model was used for weighted quantitative analysis. The results revealed that the FF or cffDNA during pregnancy was significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women (OR = 1.57, 95% CI [1.24, 1.99], P = 0.233). The overall incidence of the maternal adverse outcomes was 8% (95% CI: 5–13). Subgroup analysis of different outcomes showed an evident association between low FF or cffDNA and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) (OR = 1.76, 95% CI [1.36, 2.27], P = 0.581). There was no evidence that the occurrence of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) and placental abnormality was associated with FF or cffDNA. No association was observed between low FF or cffDNA during pregnancy and adverse outcomes in fetuses (OR = 1.39, 95% CI [0.99, 1.94], P = 0.242). The overall incidence of adverse outcomes in fetuses was 8% (95% CI: 6–11). There were controversies over the association between high FF or cffDNA and HDP, and sPTB and small for gestational age infant, among different studies.Pregnant women with low FF or cffDNA during the first or second trimester of pregnancy have an overall increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially HDP. However, the association between FF and various pregnancy outcomes needs to be further explored by more prospective studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we developed an observation based photochemical box model with the measurement data collected at a suburban site (i.e., the Xianghe, XH site) of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region and the latest version of the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM v3.3.1), which newly incorporated 498 reaction for the additional 155 species with the oxidation of isoprene by the OH radical. The influence of updated isoprene degradation on the radical budgets, formation of intermediate and secondary products by comparing the simulation results in the original version (MCM v3.2) was firstly analyzed to estimate whether the updates of precursors could influence the model performance on its evolution pathways and related products. The results demonstrated that though the input of isoprene could significantly decrease or increase the concentrations of OH and HO 2 radicals in the model simulation, respectively, the difference in the simulated concentrations of these radicals with isoprene oxidation before and after the updates was not statistically significant. For intermediate products, the simulated concentrations of formaldehyde and methacrolein (MACR) did not significantly alter before and after the updates, while the abundance of methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) reduced obviously (the maximum reduction of 31%) due to lower reaction coefficient between ISOPBO2 and NO and the lower branching ratios caused by the newly added pathways involving CISOPA and TISOPA in the updated scheme. On the other hand, the simulation concentrations of acrolein (ACR), glyoxal (Gly) and methylglyoxal (Mgly) increased significantly after the model updates. The dominant pathway for the increment of ACR was the decomposition of CH2CHCH2O produced by PE4E2CO, while those of Gly and Mgly were associated with radicals of C537O and PACLOOA that were both from the new intermediate radical of CISOPC. In addition, 39 isoprene oxidation products among the 155 new added species were identified to partition in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which were coupled in the gas-particle partitioning module to optimize the formation of SOA, contributing 1.15 μg m−3 to the increase of SOA mean concentration. The updates of isoprene degradation further resulted in the significant change for its sensitivity in SOA formation, making it as the secondary important SOA precursor at the XH site. Last but not the least, the influence on photochemical ozone formation related to updates of isoprene degradation was ignorable. Overall, the above results confirmed the insufficient description of the degradation of precursors indeed limited the simulation of the intermediate and secondary products, highlighting the needs of exploring and parameterizing the precursor degradation processes for better understanding of their behaviors and SOA formation in the atmosphere. • 155 new species and related 498 reactions for the oxidation of isoprene were updated and incorporated in a photochemical box model. • The influence of updated degradation mechanisms for isoprene on intermediate and secondary products were estimated. • Large variations of ACR, MVK, Gly, Mgly and SOA were found after the improvement of isoprene degradation mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane-based separation technology for carbon capture has received increasing attention in the world due to low energy consumption, investment and operating cost. However, the simultaneous improvement in selectivity and permeance has faced large challenge for mixed matrix membranes owing to limited affinity sites and transport channels. Herein, the nano-scale MIP-202 (SM-202) was first prepared by inhibited Ostwald ripening strategy during crystal growth, and then nano-scale amorphous MIP-202 (ASM-202) was prepared by thermal chemical reaction. Subsequently, mixed matrix composite membranes (MMCMs) were developed by using ASM-202 as a filler and polyether-block-amide (Pebax) as a polymer matrix, and the hydrophilicity-modified polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane (mPSf) was utilized as a porous support. It is observed that ASM-202 possessed good miscibility with Pebax polymer chains as a result of hydrogen bonds between two phases. Thus, the as-obtained MMCMs showed outstanding CO 2 separation performance (CO 2 permeance: 936 GPU; CO 2 /N 2 selectivity: 52), which were enhanced by 138 % and 108 % over that of the pristine Pebax membrane, as well as 15.3 % and 13.0 % over that of MMCMs incorporating with SM-202, respectively. The improvement in gas separation performance can be explained by the reason that the nano-scale ASM-202 with large specific surface area afforded more unsaturated metal sites and nitrogen-doped structure, thus improving the CO 2 affinity in membranes. Moreover, the loose amorphous structure of ASM-202 provides more transport passageways, which enhanced the diffusion rate of gas molecules through the membranes. Besides, resultant MMCMs maintained great stability for over 360 h using the CO 2 /N 2 mixed gas as feed gas, whose average CO 2 permeance and CO 2 /N 2 selectivity fluctuated at 880 GPU and 47. [Display omitted] • Nano-amorphous MIP-202 was prepared by combining inhibited Ostwald ripening strategy with thermal chemical reaction. • The nano-amorphous MIP-202 enhanced CO 2 permeance and CO 2 /N 2 selectivity of MMCMs concurrently. • The nano-scale amorphous MIP-202 had good compatibility with Pebax matrix. • MMCMs revealed a CO 2 permeance of 936 GPU with a CO 2 /N 2 selectivity of 52 which was superior to that loaded with MIP-202. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aim Method Results Conclusion Relevance to Clinical Practice Pneumonia has a high incidence in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and lacks effective treatments. Early mobilization (EM) may be a potentially effective treatment.To explore the impact of EM on TBI‐related pneumonia in the neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU).This study was a historical control study. 100 TBI patients who received EM intervention were prospectively included as the experimental group (EM cohort), and 250 TBI patients were retrospectively included as the control group. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was employed to balance baseline and minimize potential bias. The relationship between EM and TBI‐related pneumonia was investigated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, then further determined by subgroup analysis. The influence of other variables was excluded by interaction analyses. Finally, the effect of EM on the prognosis of TBI patients was analysed by comparing the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the hospital stay.After screening, 86 patients were included in the EM cohort and 199 patients were included in the control cohort. There were obvious differences between the two cohorts at baseline, and these differences were eliminated after PSM, when the incidence of pneumonia was significantly lower in the EM cohort than in the control cohort (35.0% vs. 61.9%, p < .001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that EM was an independent risk factor for TBI‐related pneumonia and was significantly associated with a decreased incidence of pneumonia. This correlation was present in most subgroups and was not affected by other variables (p for interaction >.05). Patients in the EM cohort had shorter length of ICU stay (6 vs. 7 days, p = .017) and higher GCS at discharge (12 vs. 11, p = .010).EM is a safe and effective treatment for TBI patients in NICU, which can reduce the incidence of pneumonia, help to improve prognosis and shorten the length of ICU stay.Although the utilization rate of EM is low in TBI patients for various reasons, EM is still an effective method to prevent complications. Our study confirms that a scientific and detailed EM strategy can effectively reduce the incidence of pneumonia while ensuring the safety of TBI patients, which is worthy of further research and clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora) has grown rapidly in China since its introduction in 1979, showing the trend of alien species invasion, which has seriously affected the ecosystem balance of coastal wetlands. The temporal and spatial expansion law of S. alterniflora can be obtained through remote sensing monitoring, which can provide a reference and basis for S. alterniflora management. This paper presents a method for extracting and mapping S. alterniflora based on phenological characteristics. The coastal areas of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration are selected as the research area, and the Landsat time series data from 1990 to 2022 on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform are used to support the experiment in this paper. Firstly, the possible growing area of S. alterniflora was extracted using the normalized differential moisture index (NDMI), normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized differential water index (NDWI); Then, the time series curve characterizing the phenological characteristics of vegetation was constructed using the vegetation index to determine the difference phase of phenological characteristics between S. alterniflora and other vegetation. Finally, a decision tree was constructed based on the phenological feature difference phase data to extract S. alterniflora, and it is applied to the analysis of temporal and spatial changes of S. alterniflora in the study area from 1990 to 2022. The results show that the area of S. alterniflora increased from ~1426 ha in 1990 to ~44,508 ha in 2022. However, the area of S. alterniflora began to show negative growth in 2015 due to the construction of nature reserves and ecological management. The results of correlation analysis showed that the growth of C. japonicum was significantly affected by temperature stress and weakly affected by precipitation. This study verified that Landsat time series images can effectively extract vegetation phenological information, which has strong feasibility for extraction and dynamic monitoring of S. alterniflora and provides technical support for the management and monitoring of invasive plants in coastal wetlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquefaction‐induced lateral spread is a kind of ground deformation caused by soil liquefaction, which is a danger to houses, roads and other infrastructures. In order to systematically investigate the influence law of different parameters on lateral displacement, this paper establishes a numerical model of the seismic responses of gently sloping grounds through the open‐source finite element software OpenSees and carries out a large number of calculations considering various working conditions. Based on the calculation results, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and random forest (RF) regression are used to build the proxy models for lateral spread displacement prediction. The finite element model was verified by using the multiple VELACS No. 2 centrifuge experiments. Finally, the model was interpreted using SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) method. The results of the model training showed that both models were able to achieve a good fit to the numerical calculation results, with the RF model having a smaller prediction error for the centrifuge experiments. The model interpretation results showed that the modified cumulative absolute velocity (CAV5) was the most important input variable in the model, and the importance of ground slope (S), relative density (Dr) and thickness of liquefiable soil layer (HL) was relatively high. In addition, the influence of each parameter on the lateral displacement is consistent with the actual situation, reflecting the rationality of the model prediction process. In addition, the results showed that there is a threshold for the modified cumulative absolute velocity (CAV5) and Arias intensity (Ia) that leads to a significant increase in lateral displacement. The thresholds of CAV5 and Ia are 1.3 g s and 1.0 m/s, respectively. These thresholds are in good agreement with the thresholds for triggering the overall initial liquefaction of the soil layer determined by related studies, which provides a reference for the evaluation of liquefaction‐induced lateral displacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AimsMethodsResultsConclusionTo systematically identify, evaluate and synthesize qualitative evidence about the dignity-related nursing experiences of people with dementia in families and nursing homes, summarize the similarities and differences and analyse the causes and influencing factors.A synthesis of qualitative studies retrieved from eight databases that were published before September 2022. Two reviewers independently screened and selected studies. Inclusion criteria were established according to the PICOS principle. Quality assessment was guided by Joanna Briggs Institute’s Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument and the structured topic synthesis method was used to summarise studies eligible for inclusion.Three key themes were extracted from 14 included studies; the living environment, relationship needs and self-awareness, which focused on improving the dementia-centred nursing environment, meeting the needs of the relationship-centred nursing network, and finally, improving the self-awareness of people with dementia to promote dignity.This systematic review shows people with dementia need to integrate into society and maintain their dignity in a dementia-friendly environment that is respectful, inclusive environment that promotes freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, a polyphagous necrotrophic fungal pathogen, has brought about significant losses in agriculture and floriculture. Until now, the most common method for controlling S. sclerotiorum has been the application of fungicides. Xenocoumacin 1 (Xcn1) is a potential biopesticide having versatile antimicrobial activities, generated by Xenorhabdus nematophila. This study was intended to isolate Xcn1 from X. nematophila YL001 and clarify its efficacies for S. sclerotiorum control. Xcn1 demonstrated a wider antifungal spectrum against 10 plant-pathogenic fungi. It also exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum with an EC50 value of 3.00 μg/mL. Pot experiments indicated that Xcn1 effectively inhibited disease extension on oilseed rape and broad bean plants caused by S. sclerotiorum. Morphological and ultrastructural observations revealed that the hyphae of S. sclerotiorum became twisted, shriveled, and deformed at the growing points after treatment with Xcn1 at 3.00 μg/mL and that the subcellular fractions also became abnormal concurrently, especially the mitochondrial structure. Moreover, Xcn1 also increased cell membrane permeability and decreased the content of exopolysaccharide as well as suppressing the activities of polygalacturonase and cellulase of S. sclerotiorum, but exerted no effects on oxalic acid production. This study demonstrated that Xcn1 has great potential to be developed as a new biopesticide for the control of S. sclerotiorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A solid method for generating shearography defect detection dataset is proposed. • Improved semantic segmentation network for unfiltered phase maps. • Real NDT experiments conducted to validate the method proposed in this study. Shearography combined with deep learning is increasingly becoming a commonly used approach in non-destructive testing (NDT). However, the validity of deep learning depends on the reliability of the training dataset, and the acquisition of real datasets is costly. In this study, the use of a shearography dataset that contains real noise-generating method is proposed. This dataset can generate random shearing direction and shearing amount defects only after one electronic speckle pattern interference experiment and annotation. Moreover, this study improves the existing semantic segmentation network and identify the defect location for the defect phase map containing noise accurately. Real NDT experiments using composite materials validate the effectiveness of the dataset generation method and semantic segmentation network proposed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the incidence of precocious puberty has risen in recent years and the age at puberty onset is younger, children may be at increased risk for health consequences associated with the early onset of puberty. Bisphenol A (BPA) is recognized as an endocrine disruptor chemical that is reported to induce precocious puberty. The effect of BPA exposure modes, times, and doses (especially low dose) were controversial. In the present study, we evaluated the potential effects of maternal exposure to low-dose BPA on the hypothalamus, particularly on the arcuate (ARC) nucleus and anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nucleus during peri-puberty in offspring of BPA-treated rats. Pregnant rats were exposed to corn oil vehicle, 0.05 mg·kg−1·day−1 BPA, or 5 mg·kg−1·day−1 from gestation day 1 (GD1) to postnatal day 21 (PND21) by daily gavage. Body weight (BW), vaginal opening (VO), ovarian follicular luteinization, and relevant hormone concentrations were measured; hypothalamic Kiss1 and GnRH1 levels by western immunoblot analysis were also assessed as indices of puberty onset. During or after exposure, low-dose BPA restricted BW after birth (at PND1 and PND5), and subsequently accelerated puberty onset by promoting the expression of prepubertal Kiss1 and GnRH1 in the AVPV nucleus on PND30, leading to advanced VO, an elevation in LH and FSH concentrations (on PND30). We also noted increased BW on PND30 and PND35. Maternal oral exposure to low-dose BPA altered the BW curve during the neonatal and peripubertal periods, and subsequently accelerated puberty onset by promoting prepubertal Kiss1 expression in the AVPV nucleus. • Maternal exposure to low-dose BPA alters the bodyweight curve in female offspring. • Peripubertal hormone levels changed after exposure. • BPA accelerates the development of the ovaries and uteri. • Increased protein levels of Kiss1 and GnRH1 were observed in hypothalamus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • MMCMs for a spice 2-phenylethanol separation were developed by incorporating β-CD-MOFs into PDMS matrix. • The β-CD-MOFs enhanced 2-phenylethanol pervaporation performance by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interaction. • MMCMs had distinctive molecular discrimination for 2-phenylethanol over a spice maltol. • The permeation total flux of as-prepared MMCMs were 1186 g m−2 h−1 with a separation factor of 21.3. Natural 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) is a spice with the rose-like fragrance and non-toxicity to human, whose classical separation technique from the plants has faced great challenge owing to high energy consumption, chemical engineering safety and environmental pollution issue. Herein, the mixed matrix composite membranes (MMCMs) for 2-PE pervaporation separation from aqueous solution were engineered by incorporating beta-cyclodextrin metal organic frameworks (β-CD-MOFs) with a large amount of hydroxyl groups and hydrophobic cavities into the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. The as-prepared MMCMs exhibited excellent 2-PE pervaporation separation performance with the permeation total flux, separation factor, and pervaporation separation index of 1186 g m−2 h−1, 21.3 and 24076 g m−2 h−1, respectively, which increased by 25.8 %, 129.0 % and 208.6 % compared with that of the pristine one, outperforming MMCMs embedding with other fillers, when 2-PE concentration in aqueous solution is 6000 ppm. This can be explained by the fact that the hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction between β-CD-MOFs and 2-PE improves 2-PE dissolution in the membrane, thus enhancing the 2-PE solubility selectivity in MMCMs. Thus, MMCMs had specific recognition for 2-PE over a spice maltol, whose 2-PE flux and the 2-PE/water separation factor only reduced by 15.0 % and 37.6 % respectively, when maltol concentration increased to 2000 ppm in 6000 ppm of 2-PE aqueous solution. Besides, resultant MMCMs showed long-term stability for over 140 h with the average permeation total flux of 1317 g m−2 h−1 and the separation factor of 21.8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]