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An essential introduction to concepts of causation and causal inference that explores how our definitions of causes in epidemiology influence how we go about finding them and estimating their effects. A key goal of epidemiologic research is to uncover the causes of diseases and other health-related outcomes. But exactly what we mean by a'cause'and what types of phenomena qualify as causes, differ across historical periods, and is a contentious topic. The causal status of social phenomena has been, and continues to be, particularly precarious. In Causal Inference and the People's Health, Sharon Schwartz and Seth J. Prins offer both a synthesis of the dominant school of thought around causality and propose an approach that keeps causal concepts as an organizing principle without marginalizing social phenomena. The authors examine the implications of the'Causal Revolution,'--introduced in epidemiology as the Potential Outcomes framework--which initiated a paradigm shift across the social sciences. As the authors show, this shift influences the questions we ask, the methods we use, the narratives we construct about our study results, and thus the knowledge we use to fight for the people's health. The guiding principle of the Causal Revolution is simple but profound: researchers should specify if their goal is description, prediction, or causation. In other words, researchers should declare their causal goals even for observational studies. This principle not only produced important innovations, but it also reignited debates about the definition of causation, the causal status of important social constructs like class and gender, and the role of manipulation or intervention in causal inference. Interrogating these debates and embracing causal questions that identify and explain etiologic processes, Causal Inference and the People's Health offers a path forward that expands causal inference to include social forces as causes of the people's health, and therefore reinvigorates epidemiology's historical role in targeting systems and structures for change.

This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the factors that impact physical, mental, and social well-being, offering a broad definition of health and healthcare that moves beyond the biomedical model.Stressing that health is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, the book addresses a diverse range of issues that influence individual, community, and population health. There are chapters on the microbiome, physical activity, and lifestyle and behavior, as well as the various social determinants of health, health literacy, and issues around mental health. Defining health as a wicked problem (i.e., one that is contested and endlessly complicated) the book provides an international lens which also includes coverage of global health and the impact of climate change.Including key concepts, end-of-chapter questions, and further reading, this is the perfect introductory text for students of public health, health studies, or health sciences.