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The study of beach morphology holds significant importance in coastal management, offering insights into coastal and environmental processes. It involves analyzing physical characteristics and beach features such as profile shape, slope, sediment composition, and grain size, as well as changes in elevation due to both erosion and accretion over time. Furthermore, studying changes in beach morphology is essential in predicting and monitoring coastal inundation events, especially in the context of rising sea levels and subsidence in some areas. However, having access to high-frequency oblique imagery and beach elevation datasets to document and confirm coastal forcing events and understand their impact on beach morphology is a notable challenge. This paper describes a one-year dataset comprising bi-monthly topographic surveys and imagery collected daily at 30 min increments at the beach adjacent to Horace Caldwell Pier in Port Aransas, Texas. The data collection started in February 2023 and ended in January 2024. The dataset includes 18 topographic surveys, 6879 beach images, and ocean/wave videos that can be combined with colocated National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration metocean measurements. The one-year temporal span of the dataset allows for the observation and analysis of seasonal variations, contributing to a deeper understanding of coastal dynamics in the study area. Furthermore, a study that combines survey measurements with camera imagery is rare and provides valuable information on conditions before, after, and between surveys and periods of inundation. The imagery enables monitoring of inundation events, while the topographic surveys facilitate the analysis of their impact on beach morphology, including beach erosion and accretion. Various products, including beach profiles, contours, slope maps, triangular irregular networks, and digital elevation models, were derived from the topographic dataset, allowing in depth analysis of beach morphology. Additionally, the dataset contains a time series of four wet/dry shoreline delineations per day and their corresponding elevation extracted by combining the imagery with the digital elevation models. Thus, this paper provides a high-frequency morphological dataset and a machine learning-ready dataset suitable for predicting coastal inundation., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Introduction: We compare in-hospital complications in youth with isolated diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) to youth with hyperosmolarity., Method: We reviewed medical records of youth (1-20 years) admitted over two years with DKA, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), and hyperosmolar DKA. We evaluated outcomes, including hospital length of stay, altered mental status (AMS), and acute kidney injury (AKI)., Results: Of 369 admissions, 334 had isolated DKA, 32 had hyperosmolar DKA, and three had isolated HHS. Hyperosmolar youth had longer length of stay, larger initial fluid boluses, more frequent pediatric intensive care unit admissions, and increased risk of AKI and AMS. The odds of AKI were positively associated with serum osmolality and negatively associated with new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) compared with established DM., Conclusions: In youth with DM, hyperosmolarity increases acute complications compared with isolated DKA. Larger-scale studies are needed to identify ways to prevent acute complications in youth experiencing hyperglycemic emergencies., Competing Interests: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST None to report., (Copyright © 2023 National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The glycemia risk index (GRI) is a composite metric developed and used to estimate quality of glycemia in adults with diabetes who use continuous glucose monitor (CGM) devices. In a cohort of youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), we examined the utility of the GRI for evaluating quality of glycemia between clinic visits by analyzing correlations between the GRI and longitudinal glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measures., Method: Using electronic health records and CGM data, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to analyze the relationship between the GRI and longitudinal HbA1c measures in youth (T1D duration ≥1 year; ≥50% CGM wear time) receiving care from a Midwest pediatric diabetes clinic network (March 2016 to May 2022). Furthermore, we analyzed correlations between HbA1c and the GRI high and low components, which reflect time spent with high/very high and low/very low glucose, respectively., Results: In this cohort of 719 youth (aged = 2.5-18.0 years [median = 13.4; interquartile range [IQR] = 5.2]; 50.5% male; 83.7% non-Hispanic White; 68.0% commercial insurance), baseline GRI scores positively correlated with HbA1c measures at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months later (r = 0.68, 0.65, 0.60, 0.57, and 0.52, respectively). At all time points, strong positive correlations existed between HbA1c and time spent in hyperglycemia. Substantially weaker, negative correlations existed between HbA1c and time spent in hypoglycemia., Conclusions: In youth with T1D, the GRI may be useful for evaluating quality of glycemia between scheduled clinic visits. Additional CGM-derived metrics are needed to quantify risk for hypoglycemia in this population., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: MAC receives consulting fees as Chief Medical Officer for Glooko, Inc and receives research support from Abbott Diabetes Care and Dexcom. Other authors have no conflicts of interest related to this work.

Background: The Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) was developed in adults with diabetes and is a validated metric of quality of glycemia. Little is known about the relationship between GRI and type 1 diabetes (T1D) self-management habits, a validated assessment of youths' engagement in habits associated with glycemic outcomes., Method: We retrospectively examined the relationship between GRI and T1D self-management habits in youth with T1D who received care from a Midwest pediatric diabetes clinic network. The GRI was calculated using seven days of continuous glucose monitor (CGM) data, and T1D self-management habits were assessed ±seven days from the GRI score. A mixed-effects Poisson regression model was used to evaluate the total number of habits youth engaged in with GRI, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), age, race, ethnicity, and insurance type as fixed effects and participant ID as a random effect to account for multiple clinic visits per individual., Results: The cohort included 1182 youth aged 2.5 to 18.0 years (mean = 13.8, SD = 3.5) comprising 50.8% male, 84.6% non-Hispanic White, and 64.8% commercial insurance users across a total of 6029 clinic visits. Glycemia Risk Index scores decreased as total number of habits performed increased, suggesting youth who performed more self-management habits achieved a higher quality of glycemia., Conclusions: In youth using CGMs, GRI may serve as an easily obtainable metric to help identify youth with above target glycemia, and engagement/disengagement in the T1D self-management habits may inform clinicians with suitable interventions for improving glycemic outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Pediatric pial arteriovenous shunts in the brain and spine are challenging to understand because of low incidence, variable presentation, and associations with genetic syndromes. What is known about their natural history comes from reviews of small series. To better understand the natural history and role for intervention, two cases are presented followed by a review of the literature. In the first case, an infant with a prior history of intracranial hemorrhage from a ruptured pial fistula returns for elective embolization for a second pial fistula which was found to be spontaneously thrombosed 2 weeks later. In the second case, a 5-year-old with a vertebro-vertebral fistula, identified on work up for a heart murmur and documented with diagnostic angiography, is brought for elective embolization 6 weeks later where spontaneous thrombosis is identified. In reviewing the literature on pediatric single-hole fistulae of the brain and spine, the authors offer some morphologic considerations for identifying which high-flow fistulae may undergo spontaneous thrombosis to decrease the potentially unnecessary risk associated with interventions in small children., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)