Search

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of different varieties of camellia oils and their diacylglycerol (DAG)-enriched derivatives in terms of triacylglycerol (TAG) species, bioactive components, volatile compounds, and antioxidant activity. Six types of camellia oils, including C. oleifera (C.O), C. semiserrata (C.S), C. gauchowensis (C.G), along with commercially refined C. oleifera oil (C-C.O) and its DAG-enriched counterparts (at 40% and 80% enrichment), were analyzed and compared. Unique patterns of TAG profiles, fatty acid distributions on different glycerol backbones, tocopherol, squalene, total polyphenols, and volatile compounds were observed, suggesting that these characteristics can be utilized as a criterion to differentiate them. DAG-enriched oils exhibited increased levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) compared to C-C.O, albeit with decreased contents of tocopherol, squalene, and total polyphenols. Moreover, diverse volatile compounds were identified across all types of camellia oils, among which the DAG-enriched oils had distinct distribution characteristics compared with their crude oils, indicating the influence of the enrichment process on volatile compounds. Furthermore, DAG-enriched oils demonstrated reduced antioxidant activity abilities compared to their counterparts, with the highest activity observed in C.O, followed by C.G. Additionally, strong correlations were observed between antioxidant activity and tocopherol, as well as squalene content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Pulmonary papillary adenoma is an extremely rare benign tumor. It is derived from type II lung cells and club cells, suggesting that it may originate from stem cells with two-way differentiation. Only one case has been reported with FGFR2-IIIb overexpression. Methods: Two cases of pulmonary papillary adenoma with available data on clinical features, histological morphology, immunophenotype and molecular characteristics were analyzed. Results: Both tumors were well-circumscribed unencapsulated nodules composed of papillary structures with fibrovascular cores lined by a single layer of cuboidal or columnar epithelium without necrosis, nuclear atypia and mitoses, or invasion. But malignant transformation features include complex branching structures and significantly enlarged, irregular, and crowded malignant cells in one case. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were strongly positive for TTF1, NapsinA, EMA and CK7 and negative for CEA and P63, with a low Ki-67 proliferation index. The EGFR somatic mutation exon19:c.2236_2256delinsATC (p.E746_S752delinsI) was found in one case by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Conclusion: Pulmonary papillary adenoma is very rare. Virtually all papillary adenomas are clinically silent and discovered incidentally. They are benign tumors, and resection is curative. An EGFR 19 exon deletion mutation in a patient with this tumor type was detected for the first time by NGS, and our results suggest that the malignant transformation of pulmonary papillary adenoma may be mediated by EGFR mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feeding is a critical process in aquaculture, as it has a direct impact on the quantity and quality of fish. With advances in convolutional neural network (CNN) and vision transformer (ViT), intelligent feeding has been widely adopted in aquaculture, as the real-time monitoring of fish behavior can lead to better feeding decisions. However, existing models still have the problem of insufficient accuracy in the fish behavior-recognition task. In this study, the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) was selected as the research subject, and three categories (weakly, moderately, and strongly hungry) were defined. We applied the deformable attention to the vision transformer (DeformAtt-ViT) to identify the fish hunger degree. The deformable attention module was extremely powerful in feature extraction because it improved the fixed geometric structure of the receptive fields with data-dependent sparse attention, thereby guiding the model to focus on more important regions. In the experiment, the proposed DeformAtt-ViT was compared with the state-of-the-art transformers. Among them, DeformAtt-ViT achieved optimal performance in terms of accuracy, F1-score, recall, and precision at 95.50%, 94.13%, 95.87%, and 92.45%, respectively. Moreover, a comparative evaluation between DeformAtt-ViT and CNNs was conducted, and DeformAtt-ViT still dominated the others. We further visualized the important pixels that contributed the most to the classification result, enabling the interpretability of the model. As a prerequisite for determining the feed time, the proposed DeformAtt-ViT could identify the aggregation level of the fish and then trigger the feeding machine to be turned on. Also, the feeding machine will stop working when the aggregation disappears. Conclusively, this study was of great significance, as it explored the field of intelligent feeding in aquaculture, enabling precise feeding at a proper time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of X-Map reconstruction based on Dual-Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS)., Methods: Sixty-six cases of suspected AIS patients hospitalized from November, 2021 to April, 2022 were retrospectively selected. DECT, Computed Tomography Perfusion imaging (CTP), Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA), and MRI were all performed within 24 hours after symptom onset. As the gold standard for diagnosing AIS, a total of 53 patients were diagnosed with AIS based on the diffusion-weighted imaging positive results in MRI. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of AIS among X-Map, CTP, and CTA., Results: In the 53 patients with confirmed ASI, a total of 72 lesions were detected, including in the frontal lobes (n=33), parietal lobes (n=7), temporal lobes (n=12), basal ganglia regions (n=12), thalamus (n=3), and pons (n=5). The case detection rate of X-Map for AIS was similar to that of CTP (p=0.151) but was significantly higher than that of CTA (p<0.001). In terms of diagnostic efficacy, among the total 66 patients enrolled, X-Map achieved a higher diagnostic sensitivity (85%) than CTP and CTA. However, CTP achieved the best diagnostic specificity (84.6%) and diagnostic accuracy (77.4%) among the diagnostic tools used., Conclusion: X-Map provides a better or equal clinical value for the diagnosis of AIS as compared to CTA and CTP, respectively, highlighting its potential in clinical applications.