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The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates is a well-established technique and this review is the 12 th update of the original article published in 1999 and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2022. As with previous review, this review also includes a few papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review follows the same format as previous reviews. It is divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of computer software for structural identification. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other general areas such as medicine, industrial processes, natural products and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis, particularly in its ability to produce single ions from each analyte and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing., (© 2024 The Author. Mass Spectrometry Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Environmental DNA (eDNA) has increasingly been used to detect rare species (e.g., newly introduced nonindigenous species) in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, often with distinct advantages over traditional methods. However, whether water eDNA signals can be used to inform invasion risks remains debatable owing to inherent uncertainties associated with the methods used and the varying conditions among study systems. Here, we sampled eDNA from canals of the central route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (hereafter SNWDP) in China to investigate eDNA distribution and efficacy to inform invasion risks in a unique lotic system. We first conducted a total of 16 monthly surveys in this system (two sites in the source reservoir and four sites in the main canal) to test if eDNA could be applied to detect an invasive, biofouling bivalve, the golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei. Second, we initiated a one-time survey in a sub-canal of the SNWDP using refined sampling (12 sites in ~22 km canal) and considered a few environmental predictors. We found that detection of target eDNA in the main canal was achieved up to 1100 km from the putative source population but was restricted to the warmer months (May-November). Detection probability exhibited a significant positive relationship with average daily minimum air temperature and with water temperature, consistent with the expected spawning season. eDNA concentration in the main canal generally fluctuated across months and sites and was generally higher in warmer months. Golden mussel eDNA concentration in the sub-canal decreased significantly with distance from the source and with increasing water temperature and became almost undetectable at ~22 km distance. Given the enormity of the SNWDP, golden mussels may eventually expand their distribution in the main canal, with established "bridgehead" populations facilitating further spread. Our findings suggest an elevated invasion risk of golden mussels in the SNWDP in warm months, highlighting the critical period for spread and, possibly, management., (© 2023 The Ecological Society of America.)

Simple Summary: Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a collection of aggressive malignancies with poor long-term survival and limited effective treatment options. Despite unique challenges associated with identifying and targeting malignant T-cell antigens, the use of antibody-based therapies holds great potential. Here, we review the current and future roles of antibody-based therapies for PTCL. While antibody-based immunotherapeutic strategies have revolutionized the treatment of B-cell lymphomas, progress in T-cell lymphomas has suffered from suboptimal targets, disease heterogeneity, and limited effective treatment options. Nonetheless, recent advances in our understanding of T-cell biology, the identification of novel targets, and the emergence of new therapies provide hope for the future. In this review, we explore four areas of current and evolving antibody-based strategies for the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL): monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), bispecific antibodies (BsAs), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T), and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). As part of this discussion, we will also include limitations, lessons learned, and potential future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As a natural antioxidant, uric acid has neuroprotective effects. The association between uric acid levels and dementia risk was reported by previous studies. However, recently published studies showed that the relationship between uric acid and dementia risk might be heterogeneous in dementia subtypes. Objective: This study aimed to clarify the relationship between hyperuricemia (or gout) and dementia. Methods: The PubMed and Web of Science databases were systematically searched up to April 2024 to identify relevant studies. A meta-analysis was conducted using hazard ratios (HR) or odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as pooled indicators. Heterogeneity between the studies was examined using Cochran's Q statistic and I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses were conducted for gender and age. Stratification analysis, sensitivity analyses and meta-regression were conducted to explore possible explanations for heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot and Egger's test. Results: A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria including 2,928,152 participants were abstracted. Hyperuricemia (or gout) did not reduce the overall risk of dementia (OR/HR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.81–1.05) and vascular dementia (OR/HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.53–1.05), but may have a protective effect against Alzheimer's disease (OR/HR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70–0.96). Subgroup analysis showed that a lower risk of dementia was observed in men (OR/HR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77–0.90) and patients whose age under 65 (OR/HR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72–0.95). Conclusions: Patients with gout or hyperuricemia have a low risk of Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment paradigm in myeloma is constantly changing. Upfront use of monoclonal antibodies like daratumumab along with proteasome inhibitors (PI)s, and immune modulators (IMiD)s have significantly improved survival and outcomes, but also cause unique challenges at the time of relapse. Engaging immune T cells for tumour cell kill with chimeric antigenic T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy and bispecific antibodies have become important therapeutic options in relapsed multiple myeloma. Bispecific antibodies are dual antigen targeting constructs that engage the T cells to plasma cells through various target antigens like B-cell membrane antigen (BCMA), G-protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 member D (GPRC5D), and Fc receptor-homolog 5 (FcRH5). These agents have proven to induce deep and durable responses in heavily pre-treated myeloma patients with a predictable safety profile and the ease of off-the-shelf availability. Significant research is ongoing to overcome resistance mechanisms like T cell exhaustion, target antigen mutation or loss and high disease burden. Various trials are also studying these agents as first line options in the newly diagnosed setting. These agents play an important role in the relapsed setting, and efforts are underway to optimize their sequencing in the myeloma treatment algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yangtze River is one of the largest riverine ecosystems in the world and is a biodiversity hotspot. In recent years, this river ecosystem has undergone rapid habitat deterioration due to anthropogenic disturbances, leading to a decrease in freshwater biodiversity. Owing to these anthropogenic impacts, the Chinese government imposed a "Ten‐year fishing ban" (TYFB) in the Yangtze River and its tributaries. Ecological changes associated with this decision have not been documented to evaluate the level of success. This study evaluates the success of the TYFB by analyzing the changes in phytoplankton communities and comparing them to periods before the TYFB was imposed. A total of 325 phytoplankton species belonging to 7 phyla and 103 genera dominated by Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were identified. Species diversity according to the Shannon–Wiener ranged between 1.19 and 3.00. The results indicated that phytoplankton diversity increased, while both density and biomass decreased after the TYFB. The health of the aquatic ecosystem appeared to have improved after the TYFB, as indicated by the phytoplankton‐based index of biotic integrity. Significant seasonal and spatial differences were found among the number of species, density, and biomass of phytoplankton, where these differences were correlated with pH, water depth, chlorophyll‐a, permanganate index, transparency, copper, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus based on redundancy analysis. Results from this study indicate that the TYFB played an important role in the restoration of freshwater ecosystem in the Yangtze River and its tributaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon the fundamental principles of mixture continuum and thermodynamics, planar S-wave incident model for layered unsaturated soil is formulated. Employing the Helmholtz vector decomposition principle, the wave field within the layered unsaturated soil is analyzed using the transfer matrix method, accounting for the influence of thermal effects. An analytical solution is obtained for the seismic response in layered unsaturated soil under the action of thermal effect. The results of the numerical analyses show that the thermo-physical parameters such as relative heat of solid, temperature, and thermal expansion coefficient have a notable effect on the seismic response of the site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pacific Islands present unique challenges for water resource management due to their environmental vulnerability, dynamic climates, and heavy reliance on groundwater. Quantifying connections between meteoric, ground, and surface waters is critical for effective water resource management. Analyses of the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the hydrosphere can help illuminate such connections. This study investigates the stable isotope composition of rainfall on O'ahu in the Hawaiian Islands, with a particular focus on how altitude impacts stable isotope composition. Rainfall was sampled at 20 locations from March 2018 to August 2021. The new precipitation stable isotope data were integrated with previously published data to create the most spatially and topographically diverse precipitation collector network on O'ahu to date. Results show that δ18O and δ2H values in precipitation displayed distinct isotopic signatures influenced by geographical location, season, and precipitation source. Altitude and isotopic compositions were strongly correlated along certain elevation transects, but these relationships could not be extrapolated to larger regions due to microclimate influences. Altitude and deuterium excess were strongly correlated across the study region, suggesting that deuterium excess may be a reliable proxy for precipitation elevation in local water tracer studies. Analysis of spring, rainfall, and fog stable isotope composition from Mount Ka'ala suggests that fog may contribute up to 45% of total groundwater recharge at the summit. These findings highlight the strong influence of microclimates on the stable isotope composition of rainfall, underscore the need for further investigation into fog's role in the water budget, and demonstrate the importance of stable isotope analysis for comprehending hydrologic dynamics in environmentally sensitive regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered lanthanum titanate (La2Ti2O7) perovskite is a good photocatalytic material owing to its high stability, strong redox ability, and non-toxicity. However, its inherent wide bandgap limits its application in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Therefore, combining La2Ti2O7 with two-dimensional (2D) narrow-bandgap semiconductors to form 2D/2D layered structures is the preferred strategy to improve its photocatalytic performance. In this study, a novel 2D/2D ZnIn2S4/La2Ti2O7 Z-scheme heterojunction was prepared through a solvothermal method. The experimental results show that when the molar ratio of La2Ti2O7 to ZnIn2S4 is 1 : 4, the hydrogen evolution rate of the composite under ultraviolet-visible light reaches 6.97 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 3.5 times higher than that of the pure ZnIn2S4. The results of the morphological characterization studies of the samples and the photoelectrochemical measurements show that channels for the rapid transfer of carriers are generated by the unique 2D/2D structure of these samples, and the separation and migration efficiency of the photogenerated carriers significantly improved due to the formation of the Z-scheme heterojunction. This study provides useful insights into the modulation of wide-bandgap semiconductors and research into solar energy conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemoresistance is a main cause of chemotherapy failure and tumor recurrence. The effects of global protein SUMOylation on chemoresistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be investigated. Herein, we have proposed that the elevated SUMO2/3-modified proteins confer 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemoresistance acquisition in CRC. The SUMOylation levels of global proteins in CRC cell lines were elevated compared with normal colon cell line NCM460. 5-FU treatment obviously reduced SUMOylation of global proteins in 5-FU-sensitive CRC cells including HT29, HCT116 and HCT-8. However, in 5-FUresistant HCT-8/5-FU cells, the expression level of SUMO2/3-modified proteins was increased under 5-FU exposure in a concentration-dependent manner. 5-FU treatment combined with SUMOylation inhibitor ML-792 significantly increased the sensitivity of 5-FU-resistant cells to 5-FU and reduced colony formation numbers in HCT-8/5-FU cells. And UBC9-mediated SUMOylation elevation contributes to 5-FU resistance in HCT116 cells. Moreover, we also identified RREB1 as a regulator of SUMOylation profiling of global cellular proteins via directly binding to the promoter of UBC9. Overexpression of RREB1 promoted 5-FU resistance in CRC, which was partially abolished by treatment of inhibitor ML-792. In conclusion, RREB1-enhanced protein SUMOylation contributes to 5-FU resistance acquisition in CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: SAF-189s is a potent ALK/ROS1 inhibitor that is currently in clinical development for treating advanced ALK+/ROS1+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Comprehensive population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) and exposure-response models were developed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SAF-189s by integrating data from two clinical studies. Methods: The PopPK model was developed using plasma concentration data collected from patients with ALK+/ROS1+ advanced NSCLC (n = 299) and healthy subjects (n = 24). The covariates (demographics, laboratory values, subject types, and concomitant medications) were evaluated to determine their potential influence on the between-patient variability in the pharmacokinetics of SAF-189s. Individual exposure values were then used to investigate the relationships with the efficacy endpoints (overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and duration of response (DOR)) and key safety endpoints (adverse events of interest). Results: The final PopPK model of SAF-189s was described by a onecompartment model with delayed first-order absorption and time-dependent elimination by allowing the clearance to decrease stepwise over time. Age was included as a covariate for apparent clearance (CL/F), while prior anti-cancer therapy in ALK+ patients (ALKPOT) was included for apparent volume of distribution (V/F). There were no apparent exposure-response relationships for any of the efficacy endpoints at doses of 80-210 mg. The relationship between exposure and safety suggested that a higher steady-state exposure was associated with more frequent incidences of hyperglycemia and proteinuria; the 210-mg dose group was also less tolerated than the other low-dose groups. Conclusion: PopPK and exposure-response models were developed for SAF-189s, and their results demonstrate that SAF-189s exposures are at the plateau of exposure-response for efficacy. The 210-mg dose group had a significantly higher safety risk, while the 160-mg dose group was well-tolerated. Thus, 160 mg of SAF-189s once daily was selected as the recommended phase III dose for the ALK+/ROS1+ or ROS1+ NSCLC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere is a concern regarding our environment. This large amount of CO2 can be utilized as a C1 source for chemical fixation. Heterogeneous catalysts like covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been reported to show excellent CO2 capture ability, which can be used to convert CO2 to various fine chemicals. Here, we synthesized a silver nanoparticle-incorporated TFPNDA COF. This Ag@TFPNDA-COF was characterized by FTIR, PXRD, SEM, TEM, N2-adsorption desorption, TGA, and XPS analyses. Then we tested the catalytic activity of the Ag@TFPNDA-COF. This COF shows excellent CO2 fixation capability in the synthesis of tetronic acids via carboxylative cyclization of propargyl alcohols as well as the formation of oxazolidinones from propargyl alcohols and amines under mild conditions. In addition, the Ag@TFPNDA-COF acted as a heterogeneous catalyst that can be easily separated from the reaction mixture for reuse. Moreover, it showed promising recyclability up to five times in a sustainable route for the production of tetronic acids and oxazolidinones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biomechanical and biochemical properties of connective tissues are determined by the composition and quality of their extracellular matrix. This, in turn, is highly dependent on the function and organisation of the secretory pathway. The Golgi complex plays a vital role in directing matrix output by co-ordinating the posttranslational modification and proteolytic processing of matrix components prior to their secretion. These modifications have broad impacts on the secretion and subsequent assembly of matrix components, as well as their function in the extracellular environment. In this Review, we highlight the role of the Golgi in the formation of an adaptable, healthy matrix, with a focus on proteoglycan and procollagen secretion as example cargoes. We then discuss the impact of Golgi dysfunction on connective tissue in the context of human disease and ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To retrieve, analyse and summarize the relevant evidence on the prevention and management of bladder dysfunction in patients with cervical ancer after radical hysterectomy. Design: Overview of systematic reviews. Methods: 11 databases were searched for relevant studies from top to bottom according to the '6S' model of evidence‐based resources. Two independent reviewers selected the articles, extracted the data and appraised the quality of the included reviews based on different types of evaluation tools. Results: A total of 13 studies were identified, including four clinical consultants, four guidelines, four systematic reviews and one randomized controlled trial. 29 best evidence were summarized from five aspects, including definition, risk factors, assessment, prevention and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) are contaminants of emerging concern with marked potential to impact public and environmental health. This review focusses on factors that influence the presence, abundance, and dissemination of ARGs within Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) and associated effluents. Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (ARB) and ARGs have been detected in the influent and the effluent of WWTPs worldwide. Different levels of wastewater treatment (primary, secondary, and tertiary) show different degrees of removal efficiency of ARGs, with further differences being observed when ARGs are captured as intracellular or extracellular forms. Furthermore, routinely used molecular methodologies such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction or whole genome sequencing may also vary in resistome identification and in quantifying ARG removal efficiencies from WWTP effluents. Additionally, we provide an overview of the One Health risk assessment framework, as well as future strategies on how WWTPs can be assessed for environmental and public health impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capture and conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemical products under mild conditions is an important and challenging approach for contemporary industry. Carboxylic acid ligands are widely used in the development of functionalized metal organic framework materials due to their excellent stability. Herein, a novel mixed-metal organic framework Cu-TCPP(Fe) was assembled from iron-(Fe)-porphyrin ligands, which can efficiently catalyze the reaction of propargylic amines and CO2 to synthesize 2-oxazolidinones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on T lymphocytes with its ligands Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Programmed Death Ligand 2 (PD-L2) on tumor cells and/or tumor-associated macrophages results in inhibitory signals to the T-cell receptor pathway, consequently causing tumor immune escape. PD-L1/PD-L2 are currently used as predictive tissue biomarkers in clinical practice. Virtually PD-L1 levels expressed by tumor cells are associated with a good response to immune checkpoint blockade therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. These therapies restore T-cell antitumor immune response by releasing T-lymphocytes from the inhibitory effects of tumor cells. Immune checkpoint therapies have completely changed the management of patients with solid cancers. This therapeutic strategy is less used in hematological malignancies, although good results have been achieved in some settings, such as refractory/relapsed classic Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Variable results have been obtained in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and T-cell lymphomas. Immunohistochemistry represents the main technique for assessing PD-L1 expression on tumor cells. This review aims to describe the current knowledge of PD-L1 expression in various types of lymphomas, focusing on the principal mechanisms underlying PD-L1 overexpression, its prognostic significance and practical issues concerning the evaluation of PD-L1 immunohistochemical results in lymphomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mimicking anisotropic features is crucial for developing artificial load‐bearing soft tissues such as menisci). Here, a high‐density hydrogen bond locking (HDHBL) strategy, involving preloading a poly(N‐acryloylsemicarbazide) (PNASC) hydrogel with an aqueous solution containing a hydrogen bond breaking agent, followed by water exchange, to fabricate anisotropic high‐strength hydrogels are proposed. During this process, multiple high‐density hydrogen bonds of the PNASC network are re‐established, firmly freezing oriented molecular chains, and creating a network with an anisotropic microstructure. The resulting anisotropic hydrogels exhibit superior mechanical properties: tensile strength over 9 MPa, Young's modulus exceeding 120 MPa along the orientation direction, and fatigue thresholds exceeding 1900 J m−2. These properties meet the mechanical demands for load‐bearing tissue substitutes compared to other reported anti‐fatigue hydrogels. This strategy enables the construction of an anisotropic meniscal scaffold composed of circumferentially oriented microfibers by preloading a digital light processing‐3D printed PNASC hydrogel‐based wedge‐shaped construct with a resilient poly(N‐acryloyl glycinamide) hydrogel. The 12‐week implantation of a meniscus scaffold in rabbit knee joints after meniscectomy demonstrates a chondroprotective effect on the femoral condyle and tibial plateau, substantially ameliorating the progression of osteoarthritis. The HDHBL strategy enables the fabrication of various anisotropic polymer hydrogels, broadening their scope of application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a cut-off value for PD-L1 expression in large B-cell lymphomas that predicts prognosis, and to clarify the relationship between PD-L1 expression and histopathological as well as clinical parameters. The study included a total of 130 patients who were diagnosed with large B-cell lymphoma at Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department. Biopsy samples were assessed using the PD-L1 immunohistochemical antibody (Dako, 22C3 clone). The patients had a mean age of 54 ± 17 years, with a median age of 56 years. No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of survival when the 30% cut-off value was used. However, a noteworthy discrepancy in survival became apparent when the cut-off point was established at 70%. Among the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified (DLBCL-NOS) category, the activated B-cell-like (ABC-like) phenotype showed higher PD-L1 expression compared to the germinal center B-cell-like (GCB-like) phenotype. Immunohistochemical PD-L1 expression emerged as a prognostic factor, particularly significant in the ABC-like phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ubiquitous presence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) constitutes a major threat to global public safety. Tetracycline (TET) is a common antimicrobial agent that inhibits bacterial growth and is frequently detected in aquatic environments. Although TET may display coselection for resistance, limited knowledge is available on whether and how it might influence plasmid-mediated conjugation. Subinhibitory concentrations (3.9–250 ng/mL) of TET promoted horizontal gene transfer (HGT) via the mobilizable plasmid pVP52-1 from the donor Vibrio parahaemolyticus NJIFDCVp52 to the recipient Escherichia coli EC600 by 1.47- to 3.19-fold. The transcription levels of tetracycline resistance genes [tetA, tetR(A)], conjugation-related genes (traA, traD), outer membrane protein genes (ompA, ompK, ompV), reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes (oxyR, rpoS), autoinducer-2 (AI-2) synthesis gene (luxS), and SOS-related genes (lexA, recA) in the donor and recipient were significantly increased. Furthermore, the overproduced intracellular ROS generation and increased cell membrane permeability under TET exposure stimulated the conjugative transfer of ARGs. Overall, this study provides important insights into the contributions of TET to the spread of antimicrobial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mitosis-associated protein kinase, serine/threonine protein kinase polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is thought to be a promising target for the therapy of tripartite motif-containing 37 (TRIM37)-amplified breast cancer. The study's dataset for 3D-QSAR modelling included 37 derivatives of pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidines, and the outcomes showed strong statistical significance (COMFA: q2 = 0.744, r2 = 0.997, $r_{{\rm pred}}^2$ r pred 2 = 0.702; CoMSIA: q2 = 0.652, r2 = 0.991, $r_{{\rm pred}}^2$ r pred 2 = 0.722). Findings from an analysis of isopotential maps using the COMFA and COMSIA models, ten novel small molecule inhibitors with potentially high activities were designed. To investigate the processes of interactions among the inhibitor molecules along with the receptor proteins, molecular docking and simulations of molecular dynamics were utilised. According to the results, the amino acids Cys92, Glu96, Asn94, and Asn103 may form hydrogen bonds with the ligands, which could enhance the small molecules' inhibitory effect. Furthermore, MMPBSA calculations revealed that the newly created compounds have a higher binding affinity to the receptor proteins. Ultimately, these compounds also demonstrated good AMDET properties in pharmacokinetic parameter tests, indicating their promise as innovative medications for the management of breast cancer. These results offer the theoretical direction required to support the creation of effective PLK4 inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peroxisomes are highly plastic organelles that are involved in several metabolic processes, including fatty acid oxidation, ether lipid synthesis and redox homeostasis. Their abundance and activity are dynamically regulated in response to nutrient availability and cellular stress. Damaged or superfluous peroxisomes are removed mainly by pexophagy, the selective autophagy of peroxisomes induced by ubiquitylation of peroxisomal membrane proteins or ubiquitin-independent processes. Dysregulated pexophagy impairs peroxisome homeostasis and has been linked to the development of various human diseases. Despite many recent insights into mammalian pexophagy, our understanding of this process is still limited compared to our understanding of pexophagy in yeast. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we summarize current knowledge on the control of mammalian pexophagy and highlight which aspects require further attention. We also discuss the role of ubiquitylation in pexophagy and describe the ubiquitin machinery involved in regulating signals for the recruitment of phagophores to peroxisomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: This study explores the correlation between life satisfaction and ADHD symptoms. It also discusses whether resilience mediates the correlation between ADHD symptoms and life satisfaction. Method: We surveyed 297 dental students. A total of 291 completed a self-report scale consisting of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, Wender Utah Rating Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale, and Conner–Davidson Resilience Scale. The study used hierarchical linear regression analysis, resampling, and asymptotic strategies for data processing. Results: The ADHD screening results of the self-report scale were positive for 6.87% of the students. This positive rate differed among participants of diverse ages and varying paternal education levels. ADHD symptoms were negatively correlated with life satisfaction and resilience. Life satisfaction was observably positively associated with resilience. Resilience serves as a mediating role between life satisfaction and the two symptoms of ADHD. Conclusion: Resilience intervention programs can enhance the life satisfaction of dental students, especially those with positive ADHD symptoms screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research considers advertising and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in a supply chain. The supply chain composed of a retailer and a manufacturer is considered. It is assumed that the manufacturer chooses one of two strategies: the manufacturer is only concerned with its profit, and the manufacturer is concerned with society's satisfaction level in addition to its profit. Accordingly, in the second strategy, the manufacturer has a utility consisting of profit and consumer satisfaction. Concerning the manufacturer over consumers, satisfaction is assumed as the CSR concern. Therefore, in this study, a measure for determining the satisfaction level in society is developed for the first time. Moreover, we assume that the manufacturer could have environmental transparency in advertising when facing its customers. Hence, it is considered that the demand function is sensitive to advertising transparency. The effect of advertising transparency on the demand function is also considered in this paper. In addition, we assume that the supply chain members are rivals and tend to determine their equilibrium decision variables to earn the maximum profit or utility. At last, based upon the equilibrium values of variables, some analysis and managerial insights are proposed. For instance, when the manufacturer is concerned with CSR, the equilibrium advertising, demand, and the profit of the retailer are higher and the wholesale and retail prices are lower than when he is not concerned about CSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulse-magnetron-sputtered long-term superhydrophilic coatings have been synthesized to functionalize the surfaces of solid-state cooling devices, e.g., electrocaloric heat pumps, where not only a complete wetting of the surface by a fluid is intended, but also fast wetting and dewetting processes are required. The coatings consist of a (Ti,Si)O2 outer layer that provides lasting hydrophilicity thanks to the mesoporous structure, followed by an intermediate WO3 film that enables the reactivation of the wettability through visible light irradiation, and a W underlayer which can work as a top electrode of the electrocaloric components thanks to its suitable electrical and thermal conductivity properties. Process parameter optimization for each layer of the stack as well as the influence of the microstructure and composition on the wetting properties are presented. Finally, water contact angle measurements, surface energy evaluations, and a contact line dynamics assessment of evaporating drops on the coatings demonstrate that their enhanced wetting performance is attributed not only to their intrinsic hydrophilic nature but also to their porous microstructure, which promotes wicking and spreading at the nanometric scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of solid-state zinc–air batteries (SZABs) has stimulated significant interest. However, the practical use of SZABs still encounters difficulties due to the complicated preparation process and low-performance air cathode. In this study, we developed a free-standing CoNi/graphene composite cathode without current collectors and binders. The simplified cathode structure decreased the preparation process, and the self-assembled conductive matrix increased charge transfer, which holds promise for facile preparation and high-performance SZABs. Specifically, a free-standing CoNi/graphene film was fabricated by a simple composition method. The CoNi/graphene electrocatalyst exhibited comparable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity to that of Pt/C. Furthermore, the CoNi/graphene film could be directly used as a cathode, which showed an open-circuit voltage of 1.41 V and a power density of 210 mW cm−2 in alkaline liquid ZABs, as well as an open-circuit voltage of 1.43 V and a power density of 40 mW cm−2 in alkaline SZABs. This facile preparation and excellent performance offer substantial potential for practical SZAB applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: FCSK‐congenital disorder of glycosylation (FCSK‐CDG) is a recently discovered rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder with defective fucosylation due to mutations in the fucokinase encoding gene, FCSK. Despite the essential role of fucokinase in the fucose salvage pathway and severe multisystem manifestations of FCSK‐CDG patients, it is not elucidated which cells or which types of fucosylation are affected by its deficiency. Methods: In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 was employed to construct an FCSK‐CDG cell model and explore the molecular mechanisms of the disease by lectin flow cytometry and real‐time PCR analyses. Results: Comparison of cellular fucosylation by lectin flow cytometry in the created CRISPR/Cas9 FCSK knockout and the same unedited cell lines showed no significant change in the amount of cell surface fucosylated glycans, which is consistent with the only documented previous study on different cell types. It suggests a probable effect of this disease on secretory glycoproteins. Investigating O‐fucosylation by analysis of the NOTCH3 gene expression as a potential target revealed a significant decrease in the FCSK knockout cells compared with the same unedited ones, proving the effect of fucokinase deficiency on EGF‐like repeats O‐fucosylation. Conclusion: This study expands insight into the FCSK‐CDG molecular mechanism; to the best of our knowledge, it is the first research conducted to reveal a gene whose expression level alters due to this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species drive ischemic stroke and its related complications. New antioxidant medications are therefore crucial for treating ischemic stroke. We developed Ti2C@BSA-ISO nanocomposites loaded with the hydrophobic drug isoquercetin (ISO) encapsulated in BSA on Ti2C nano-enzymes as a novel therapeutic nanomedicine for the treatment of ischemic stroke targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS). TEM visually proved the successful preparation of Ti2C@BSA-ISO, and the FTIR, XPS, zeta potential and DLS together demonstrated the acquisition of Ti2C@BSA-ISO. In addition, the enzyme-mimicking activity of Ti2C was evaluated and the antioxidant capacity of Ti2C@BSA-ISO was verified. Ti2C@BSA-ISO was able to reverse the decrease in cellular activity caused by ROS. Experiments in vivo showed that Ti2C@BSA-ISO could promote neuroprotection and scavenging of ROS in the hippocampal CA1 area and cerebral cortex of rats, thereby inhibiting cellular death and alleviating ischaemic stroke. Specifically, Ti2C@BSA-ISO alleviated ischemic stroke by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway-mediated pyroptosis. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of nanomedicines that can be directly used as drugs for the treatment of ischemic stroke in synergy with other drugs, which greatly expands the application of nanomaterials in the treatment of ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like their natural counterparts, chimeric antigen receptor-engineered cells are prone to suppression by inhibitory signals, such as PD-L1, expressed by tumors or suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Consequently, they become impaired, resulting in immune cell exhaustion, tumor progression, and resistance to other therapies. In this study, we developed an anti-PD-L1-CAR NK cell with efficient activity and a notable PD-L1-specific response toward tumor cell lines. The degranulation assay demonstrated that CD107a frequencies between the PD-L1 med and PD-L1 high groups and between Herceptin-treated and non-treated groups were not statistically different. Further investigation into NK cell characterization, considering different markers such as CD57, KIR2D, and CD25, revealed that the majority of the population are activated expanding NK cells. At the same time, immune checkpoint inhibitors, including PD-1, PD-L1, and LAG-3, showed increased levels following activation and expansion. Regarding the efficient functional activity of PD-L1-CAR NK cells and the instinctive receptor balance-based response of NK cells, this observation could point to the inhibition of NK cell overactivation or even higher cytotoxicity and cytokine production rather than exhaustion, especially in the case of healthy NK cells. These findings can contribute to a better understanding of the potential and challenges of using primary NK cells for CAR-NK cell therapy., (© 2024 Scandinavian Societies for Pathology, Medical Microbiology and Immunology.)

Dry reforming of methane (DRM), a pivotal process for converting greenhouse gases into syngas is demanding rationally designed catalysts with high stability and ideal catalytic performance for industrial applications due to its stability of reactant molecules and characteristic of carbon deposition. However, the mechanistic understanding of how the coordination environment of the metal in a single-atom catalytic system may influence the catalytic performance remains limited. In this work, high- and low-coordinating Ru-based (RuHC and RuLC) catalysts with distinct Ru-O coordination numbers are prepared using one-pot and two-step methods. The difference in the stability (12.3% and negligible deactivation during 20 h test for RuLC and RuHC catalysts respectively) and selectivity (0.57 and 0.37 of H 2 /CO ratio) brought by the coordination environment signified the structure-function relationship of single-atom catalysts in DRM. The impact of the structure on the properties is systematically investigated by thorough structural and operando characterization as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The findings contribute to the optimal design of single-atom catalysts for DRM, offering a theoretical basis for industrial catalyst development and the potential to improve the process's environmental impact., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

GaInAsSb has an important application value in the field of infrared photoelectricity. In this paper, the optical properties of Ga 0. 8 4 In 0. 1 6 As 0. 1 4 Sb 0. 8 6 nanopillar arrays with different shapes are studied by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The simulation results show that the peaks of all structures occur at 950 nm to 1100 nm bands and peak up to 97%. Among them, the period and height of the nanopillars and the inclination angle of the incident light will significantly affect the size of the absorption peak of the nanopillars, but not the peak position. However, with the increase of the diameter, the absorption peak of the nanoparticles showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the peak position of the absorption peak showed a significant redshift. In addition, for the triangular prism structure, its absorption rate in the array structure with high duty cycle is higher than 90%, which provides an important reference for the preparation of high-density integrated infrared optical detector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peroxisomes are primarily studied in the brain, kidney, and liver due to the conspicuous tissue-specific pathology of peroxisomal biogenesis disorders. In contrast, little is known about the role of peroxisomes in other tissues such as the heart. In this meta-analysis, we explore mitochondrial and peroxisomal gene expression on RNA and protein levels in the brain, heart, kidney, and liver, focusing on lipid metabolism. Further, we evaluate a potential developmental and heart region-dependent specificity of our gene set. We find marginal expression of the enzymes for peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in cardiac tissue in comparison to the liver or cardiac mitochondrial β-oxidation. However, the expression of peroxisome biogenesis proteins in the heart is similar to other tissues despite low levels of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation. Strikingly, peroxisomal targeting signal type 2-containing factors and plasmalogen biosynthesis appear to play a fundamental role in explaining the essential protective and supporting functions of cardiac peroxisomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reported the comparative studies of the optimization of solution-processable tungsten trioxide (WO3) as a hole transporting layer (HTL) in inverted organic photovoltaics (OPVs) using spin coating, slot-die coating, and spray coating technologies for scaling-up applications. To facilitate the technology's transition into commercial manufacturing, it is necessary to explore the role of scalable technologies for low-cost and efficient device fabrication. We investigated the role of diluting WO3 with isopropanol as an HTL in inverted OPVs to solve the issue of poor wettability of the hydrophobic surface of the PBDB-T: ITIC bulk heterojunction layer. The optimal dilution ratios of WO3 with isopropanol were 1:4, 1:4 and 1:8 with spin coating, slot-die coating and spray coating techniques, respectively. We evaluated the device performance by conducting a current density–voltage (J-V) analysis, incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) measurements, and ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) absorbance spectra for various WO3 concentrations. The J-V characteristics revealed that slot-die coating resulted in the highest performance, followed by the spray coating technology. We further investigated the impact of the annealing temperature on device performance for both slot-die- and spray-coated diluted WO3. The highest device performance was achieved at an annealing temperature of 120 °C for both coating technologies. This research offers valuable insights into the scalable fabrication of inverted OPV devices, paving the way for cost-effective and efficient large-scale production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we present a Han Chinese pediatric girl highly suspected of congenial disorder of glycosylation type IIL (CDG2L; OMIM#614576). Her clinical symptoms include transferase abnormal, liver cirrhosis, hemogram, coagulopathy, growth retardation, intellectual disability, frequent infections, and enamel hypoplasia. Trio-genome sequencing identified in COG6 a paternal variant c.1672C>T (p.Gln558Ter) and a maternal variant c.153+392A>G (p.?). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using mRNA isolated from peripheral blood confirmed the pathogenicity of both variants. The paternal variant resulted in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The maternal variant generated two aberrant COG6 transcripts with 154 bp overlap and was predicted to result in a frameshift at the same position, leading to generation of a premature termination codon. They might result in synthesis of a truncated form of COG6. Thus, the patient was genetically diagnosed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of fluorescent carbazole-coumarins exhibiting good photoluminescence quantum yields and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties have been designed and synthetized using computer-aided density functional theory calculations. The TADF characteristics of the carbazole-coumarins were systematically explored both in solution and in the solid state, utilizing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a matrix. The study revealed that the introduction of carbazole units onto the coumarin benzene ring led to compounds with thermally induced reverse intersystem crossing and delayed fluorescence. The study further demonstrated the potential utility of these compounds in practical applications by incorporating them into a Cmr-PMMA-based sensor for molecular oxygen detection. The resulting sensor exhibited promising performance, highlighting the adaptability and efficacy of the synthesized TADF-carbazole-coumarin compounds for reversible molecular oxygen sensing., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background: Young patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) mostly lack typical prognostic markers and face a dire prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic relevance of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) in TSCC patients, with a special emphasis on patients under 45 years. Methods: This retrospective study included all patients primarily treated for TSCC. The prognostic relevance of LMR was investigated in terms of predicting the overallsurvival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: A total of 74 patients were included and the young cohort (<45 years) comprised 27 individuals. The mortality and recurrence rates were 39.2% (n = 29) and 37.8% (n = 28), respectively. OS and DFS were significantly shorter in the low LMR group within the whole cohort. Furthermore, low LMR was associated with worse prognosis, particularly inferior OS (median OS 1.7 vs. 14.6 years, p = 0.0156) and worse DFS (median DFS 0.8 years vs. not reached, p = 0.0405) in the young patient cohort. Conclusions: Our results reveal that pretreatment LMR might become a prognostic tool for young TSCC patients, especially due to its availability. However, further studies on larger cohorts are necessary to validate our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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[Objective] The effects of dietary crude protein (CP) levels and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) supplementation on immunization and nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism of Qinchuan beef cattle were studied. [Method] Eighteen healthy 14-month-old female cattle with similar body weight of (298 ± 9.78) kg were selected for feeding experiments with two protein levels (13.23%(A1) and (10.59%(A2)) and three SC levels (0(B1), 4x108 CFU/kg(B2) and 8x108 CFU/kg(B3)). Nitrogen and phosphorus conents of feces and urine were determined using total feces (urine) collection method and blood samples were collected before morning feeding at the end of the trial, which lasted for 55 days. [Result] ➀ During 11-55 d of the experimental period, dietary supplementation of 8x108 CFU/kg SC significantly increased eed intake of Qinchuan beef cattle (P<0.05). The feed intake of Qinchuan beef cattle in group A1 B3 was he highest, which was significantly higher than that in group A1B1. ➁ TG content of Qinchuan beef cattle n group B3 was significantly lower than that in group B1 (P<0.05), and serum total protein, albumin, globulin, IgG and IgM of Qinchuan beef cattle in group A2B3 were significantly higher than those in group A2B1 (P<0.05). ➂ Compared with group B1, the apparent digestibility of CP and NDF in group B3 was ncreased by 8.44% and 16.90% (P<0.05), respectively. The apparent digestibility of CP, OM and ADF n group A2B3 was the highest. ➃ Compared with A2B1 group, the manure and urinary nitrogen emissions of Qinchuan beef cattle in A2B3 group were decreased by 31.28% and 19.67%, while nitrogen digestibility and nitrogen deposition rate were increased by 7.66% and 62.57%, respectively. ➄ The fecal phosphorus of Qinchuan beef cattle in B2 and B3 groups was significantly lower than that in B1 group, and phosphorus igestibility and deposition rate of Qinchuan beef cattle in group A2B3 were 35.96% and 45.94% higher han those in group A2B1 (P<0.05). [Conclusion] Dietary supplementation of 8 x 108 CFU/kg SC imroved feed intake, immune level and nutrient digestibility, while reduced nitrogen and phosphorus emisions of Qinchuan beef cattle. It is suggested to supplement 8x108 CFU/kg SC to diets of Qinchuan beef attle with 10.59% CP level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ideal plant architecture is essential for enhancing crop yields. Ideal soybean (Glycine max) architecture encompasses an appropriate plant height, increased node number, moderate seed weight, and compact architecture with smaller branch angles for growth under high-density planting. However, the functional genes regulating plant architecture are far not fully understood in soybean. In this study, we investigated the genetic basis of 12 agronomic traits in a panel of 496 soybean accessions with a wide geographical distribution in China. Analysis of phenotypic changes in 148 historical elite soybean varieties indicated that seedrelated traits have mainly been improved over the past 60 years, with targeting plant architecture traits having the potential to further improve yields in future soybean breeding programs. In a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 12 traits, we detected 169 significantly associated loci, of which 61 overlapped with previously reported loci and 108 new loci. By integrating the GWAS loci for different traits, we constructed a genetic association network and identified 90 loci that were associated with a single trait and 79 loci with pleiotropic effects. Of these 79 loci, 7 hub-nodes were strongly linked to at least three related agronomic traits. qHub_5, containing the previously characterized Determinate 1 (Dt1) locus, was associated not only with plant height and node number (as determined previously), but also with internode length and pod range. Furthermore, we identified qHub_7, which controls three branch angle-related traits; the candidate genes in this locus may be beneficial for breeding soybean with compact architecture. These findings provide insights into the genetic relationships among 12 important agronomic traits in soybean. In addition, these studies uncover valuable loci for further functional gene studies and will facilitate molecular design breeding of soybean architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate phylogenetic reconstructions are crucial for comprehending the evolutionary histories, reproductive traits, and ecological habits of organisms. The subfamily Gonideinae of freshwater mussels is currently thought to include eight tribes. However, due to inadequate taxon sampling and molecular data, the assignment of the freshwater mussel genus Inversidens at the tribe level has been unstable. Additionally, the lack of phylogenetic data has hindered efforts to understand the basic biology and implementation of conservation efforts of Inversidens rentianensis, an endemic species to China. Here, we first present the complete mitochondrial genome of Inversidens rentianensis and offer a detailed description of its anatomical morphology. Based on DNA sequence data from five genes (COI, ND1, 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and 28S rRNA) and complete mitochondrial genomes, we investigated the phylogenetic position of Inversidens using various analytical methods. Both the concatenated five-gene and mitogenome datasets strongly supported that Inversidens classified to the tribe Gonideini in Gonideinae and formed a basal clade within the tribe Gonideini. Molecular dating analysis suggested that Inversidens originated during the mid-Cretaceous era (102.73 Mya, 95% highest posterior density HPD = 72.22 ‐ 137.03 Mya) and underwent diversification in the Late Paleogene era (37.92 Mya, 95% HPD = 20.39 ‐ 60.59 Mya). Moreover, based on the Quantitative Assessment of Species for Conservation (QASCP), Inversidens rentianensis is ranked as second priority, providing valuable insights for its management and conservation efforts. Taken together, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the systematic position and evolutionary history of Inversidens within the currently accepted subfamily Gonideinae classification framework. These findings establish a solid foundation for future investigations on the ecology, reproductive behavior patterns, and conservation biology of this taxonomic group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus (TOA2) gene therapy is a recently introduced anti-tumor treatment regimen with superior results. The biodistribution studies of virus vector-based medicine seem more cautious and have been given much attention recently in terms of its quality and safety in preclinical trials. The current study determined the biodistribution and safety of a replication-competent adenovirus in different organs to predict its toxicity threshold. The present study has used TOA2, while biodistribution analysis was performed in human lung carcinoma A549-induced tumor-bearing nude mice model. Intratumoral injection was applied onto tumor-bearing mice with the adenovirus (3×1010 VP per mouse). Mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiment and the organs were dissected. Biodistribution analysis was done with complete hexon gene detection in each organ using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The biodistribution and concentration profiles showed that the TOA2 is well distributed in the entire tumor tissue. After dose 3 at day 11, the concentration of the virus has increased in the tumor tissue from 2240.54 (± 01.69) copies/100 ng genome to 13,120.28 (± 88.21) copies/100 ng genome on the 18th day, which eventually approached 336.45 (± 23.41) copies/100ng genome on the day 36. On the contrary, the concentration of the same decreased in the order of the liver, kidney, spleen, lung, and heart over time but no distributional traces in gonads. But the concentration found decreased dramatically in blood and other organs, while at the end of the experiment no detectable distribution was seen besides tumor tissue. The study confirms that adenovirus-based tumor therapy using conditionally replicating competent oncolytic TOA2 exhibited great efficiency with no toxicity at all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicoespacios is the property of Institucion Universitaria de Envigado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)