Search

With the increasing penetration of wind power into the grid, its intermittent and fluctuating characteristics pose a challenge to the frequency stability of grids. Energy storage systems (ESSs) are beginning to be used to assist wind farms (WFs) in providing frequency support due to their reliability and fast response performance. However, the current schemes mostly focused on the sole operation of either WT or ESSs for frequency support, lacking in economy and reliability. To address these issues, this work proposes a sliding mode consensus control (SMCC) method for ESSs to assist the frequency response of WTs. First, a coordination strategy for the WTs and ESS is proposed to reinforce the frequency support capability of a WT–ESS by determining the optimal capacity of ESSs. Meanwhile, a novel SMCC is proposed to achieve proportional power sharing among ESSs and increase the total power output of the entire WFs during wind energy shortages. Moreover, an event triggered communication mechanism is utilized to reduce the information exchanges among ESSs. Subsequently, a Lyapunov stability analysis is conducted to prove the stability and finite time consensus of the proposed method. Simulation case studies are conducted in IEEE 39-bus system to validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel coordination scheme for Wind, PV and battery energy storage systems; • A multiple objective control framework which transforms the control objectives into BESS's set points; • A containment control approach for distributed control of BESS to allow the co-achievement of four objectives; • Finite time convergence of the distributed control is achieved to allow parametric prescription of the convergence time. This paper proposes a finite time containment control scheme to achieve distributed control of a weak grid which is integrated with photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT) and battery energy storage system (BESS). Taking advantage of the containment control in multi-dimensional control, we proposed a multi-objective control scheme of the WT-PV-BESS system in a weak grid, wherein four control objectives are specified, namely, bus voltage regulation, grid frequency control, peak load shaving and economic benefits optimization for the system operator. Firstly, the sizing approach of BESSs to fulfill the operation mission requirements is proposed; meanwhile, the general coordination strategy for the PV, WT and BESS to achieve the demand–supply balance is proposed. Subsequently, the predefined four control objectives are modeled and transferred into the long/short time frame operational constraints of the BESSs. Afterwards, the finite time containment control algorithm is proposed to force the BESSs into achieving containment status within prescribed time. Simulation case studies are conducted on a modified IEEE 9-bus system to show the effectiveness and performance of the proposed scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]