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Background Schizophrenia often experience severe social discrimination throughout their entire survival period, resulting in self isolation or social isolation. Limited studies have been conducted on social isolation in young and middle-aged patients with schizophrenia in remission. Objective To describe the social isolation experience of young and middle-aged patients with schizophrenia in remission, aiming to provide reference for developing supportive intervention plans to alleviate the social isolation experience of this population. Methods A purposive sampling method was used to select young and middle-aged schizophrenia patients aged 18-59 who had been hospitalized at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University and were willing to continue follow-up after discharge as the research subjects. From May to December 2022, a semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted face-to-face with the respondents, and the themes were summarized and extracted using content analysis method. Results A total of 18 young and middle-aged patients with schizophrenia in remission were included. By analyzing the interview data, a total of 3 themes and 8 sub themes were extracted, including the performance of social isolation in young and middle-aged patients with schizophrenia in remission (containing 2 subthemes of negative emotional experience and withdrawal between expectation and behavior) ; subjective reasons for social isolation in young and middle-aged patients with schizophrenia in remission (containing 2 subthemes of self isolation and self discrimination) , and the objective reasons for social isolation in young and middle-aged patients with schizophrenia in remission (containing 4 subthemes of social discrimination and passive containing, effects of adverse drug reactions, increased burden of living and care caused by mental illness, and the lack of social support) . Conclusion Young and middle-aged patients with schizophrenia in remission may experience social isolation due to impaired physical health, poor psychological status, and insufficient social support. Healthcare professionals should strengthen symptom management and psychological counseling for this population. The government and all sectors of society should actively guide positive perception of mental illness and provide certain social support; family support should be strengthened to help young and middle-aged patients with schizophrenia in remission reintegrate and adapt to society.

Background: Several studies have systematically assessed the efficacy and safety of progressive or recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, the discernible limitations of efficacy and the elevated costs of interventions instigate an investigation into the cost-effectiveness of these treatments. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate cost-effectivenesses of 11 pharmacotherapeutic interventions for recurrent GBM from the perspective of healthcare payers in the United States (US) and China. Design: A model-based pharmacoeconomic evaluation. Methods: A partitioned survival model was employed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 11 distinct drug-based treatments. The clinical efficacy and safety data were obtained from a network meta-analysis, while the medical expenditure and health utility were primarily derived from published literature. One-way sensitivity analyses, scenario analyses, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were performed to scrutinize the impact of potential uncertainties to ensure the robustness of the model. The primary endpoint was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Results: Among the therapeutic interventions evaluated, lomustine emerged as the cheapest option, with costs amounting to $78,998 in the United States and $30,231 in China, respectively. Regorafenib displayed the highest quality-adjusted life years at 0.475 in the United States and 0.465 in China. The one-way sensitivity analyses underscored that drug price was a key factor influencing cost-effectiveness. Both scenario and PSA consistently demonstrated that, considering the willingness-to-pay thresholds, lomustine was a cost-effective treatment with probability of more than 94%. Conclusion: In comparison to the alternative antitumor agents, lomustine was likely to be a cost-effective option for relapsed GBM patients from the perspective of healthcare payers in both the United States and China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a prevalent autoimmune disease. The immune dysregulation it causes often leads to the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in clinical practice. However, how it contributes to these two disorders at the molecular level is not yet known. This study explored the potential molecular mechanisms associated with the differences between DLBCL and pSS. Patients and methods: Gene expression matrices from discovery cohort 1, discovery cohort 2, and the validation cohort were downloaded from the GEO and TCGA databases. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify the coexpression modules of DLBCL and pSS in discovery cohort 1 and obtain shared genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses and PPI network analysis were performed on the shared genes. Immune-related genes (IRGs) were intersected with shared genes to obtain common genes. Afterward, common genes were identified via machine learning methods. The immune infiltration analysis, miRNA-TF-hub gene regulatory chart, gene interactions of the hub genes, and gene‒drug target analysis were performed. Finally, STAT1 was identified as a possible essential gene by the above analysis, and immune infiltration and GSEA pathway analyses were performed in the high- and low-expression groups in discovery cohort 2. The diagnostic efficacy of the hub genes was assessed in the validation cohort, and clinical samples were collected for validation. Results: By WGCNA, one modular gene in each group was considered highly associated with the disease, and we obtained 28 shared genes. Enrichment analysis revealed shared genes involved in the viral response and regulation. We obtained four hub genes (ISG20, STAT1, TLR7, and RSAD2) via the algorithm. Hub genes and similar genes are primarily involved in regulating type I IFNs. The construction of a miRNA-TF-hub gene regulatory chart revealed that hsa-mir-155-5p, hsa-mir-146b-5p, hsa-mir-21-3p, and hsa-mir-126-3p play essential roles in both diseases. Hub genes were differentially expressed in B-cell memory according to immune infiltration analysis. Hub genes had a strong diagnostic effect on both diseases. STAT1 plays an essential role in immune cells in both diseases. Conclusion: We identified hub susceptibility genes for DLBCL and pSS and identified hub genes and potential therapeutic targets that may act as biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary electron yield (SEY) is a dominant factor in determining the multipactor threshold. In this study, we analyzed the secondary roughness effect of surface microstructures for plastic dielectric on SEY reduction and multipactor mitigation. A single ridge waveguide (SRW) operating in Ku-band, filled with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyimide (PI), was designed with a dielectric–metal multipactor gap. By employing a femtosecond laser, periodic microstructures were fabricated on PTFE and PI surfaces to suppress SEY. The SEY peak values of PTFE and PI decreased from 2.05 to 1.40 and 1.37 to 1.07 by the porous surface. The surface morphologies and cross-sectional images of the porous PTFE and PI demonstrated the existence of secondary roughness structures. Via simulation, we obtained multipactor thresholds of 8496 W, 12 374 W, and 9397 W for the SRWs filled with untreated PTFE surface, ideal porous surface (without secondary roughness), and real porous surface (with secondary roughness). Similar works were implemented for the PI-filled SRWs, resulting in simulated multipactor thresholds of 7640 W, 11 327 W, and 9433 W. The results indicate that the multipactor effect may not be effectively suppressed under the influence of secondary roughness structures such as plastic velvet and foam. Besides, simulation works indicated that the radio frequency electric field could extract secondary electrons from the microstructures, weakening the mitigation effect of microstructures on multipactor. The impact of surface charging on electron motion was also analyzed by considering energy distribution. It was suggested that the surface microstructures of plastic dielectrics lead to a decrease in the surface charge density and the electrostatic field strength, weakening the self-extinguishing effect and lowering the multipactor threshold. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the effect of secondary roughness on SEY and multipactor for organic dielectrics, which makes significant sense for the further investigation of dielectric multipactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common mucosal fungal infection, and Candida albicans is the main causative agent. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in VVC, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Method of Study: Vaginal epithelial cells were divided into three groups: control, C. albicans strain SC5314 (wild‐type, WT), and WT+ Matt Cooper Compound 950 (MCC950, a specific NLRP3 inhibitor). After human vaginal epithelial cells were pretreated with 1 µmol/L MCC950 for 2 h, C. albicans (MOI = 1) was cocultured with the human vaginal epithelial cells for 12 h. The cell supernatants were collected, LDH was detected, and the IL‐1β and IL‐18 levels were determined by ELISA. The expression of the pyroptosis‐related proteins NLRP3, Caspase‐1 p20 and GSDMD was measured by Western blotting analysis. The protein expression of the pyroptosis‐related N‐terminus of GSDMD (GSDMD‐N) was detected by immunofluorescence. Results: In this study, we showed that the WT C. albicans strain induced pyroptosis in vaginal epithelial cells, as indicated by the LDH and proinflammatory cytokine levels and the upregulated levels of the pyroptosis‐related proteins NLRP3, Caspase‐1 p20, and GSDMD‐N. MCC950 reversed the changes in the expression of these proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in vaginal epithelial cells. Conclusion: C. albicans activated the NLRP3 inflammasome to induce vaginal epithelial cell pyroptosis. MCC950 inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome, reduced vaginal epithelial cell pyroptosis, and decreased the release of inflammatory cytokines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the effectiveness of artificial Kandelia obovata forests in wave attenuation through physical model experiments conducted in a wave flume. The experiments meticulously replicated real-world hydrodynamic conditions and mangrove movement responses using the principles of gravitational and motion similarity, with a scaled 1:10 model of Kandelia obovata. Our approach included comparative experiments against a 1:100 gradient concrete slope to isolate the effects of seabed friction and flume wall reflections. The wave height was measured using strategically placed wave gauges. The findings indicated that the artificial Kandelia obovata forests significantly attenuated waves, with a decrease in the total attenuation capacity as the water depth increased from 2.75 m to 3.28 m under both regular and irregular waves. The elastic mangrove model with a canopy effect led to a 15% increase in wave attenuation over cylindrical models. Predictive models using multivariate nonlinear regression and back propagation neural networks showed that the latter provided a superior accuracy in estimating wave transmission coefficients [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphides with high theoretical capacity are considered ideal anode materials for lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs), but poor electronic conductivity as well as unsatisfied cyclic stability limits the performance of the phosphides. Here a covalently bonded CoP@C heterostructure is reported, which consists of 5 nm CoP quantum dots (QDs) like pomegranate seeds pinned in carbon polyhedron through interfacial Co─P─C bonding. The ultrafine size of CoP QDs provides more reactive sites and a shorten electrons/ions diffusion path, boosting the specific capacity. The Co─P─C bond induces the energy band variation of CoP and increases the interfacial charge density, bringing about fast kinetics. Besides, the Co─P─C bond introduces a robust pining effect among CoP QDs and carbon polyhedra, greatly improving the structure stability of 5 nm CoP QDs. The CoP@C heterostructure electrode exhibits high capacity (nearly 1000 mAh g−1) and superior cycling stability. It is worth noting that a prototyped LIC full‐cell of YP80//CoP@C presents an impressive high energy density of 172 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 10.8 kW kg−1. Moreover, the LIC possesses an ultra‐long life, retaining 80% after 20,000 cycles. This study offers an effective design for phosphides achieving fast kinetics and superior structure stability through an interfacial bonding approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A), as the most abundant modification of messenger RNA, can modulate insect behaviors, but its specific roles in aggregation behaviors remain unexplored. Here, we conducted a comprehensive molecular and physiological characterization of the individual components of the methyltransferase and demethylase in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. Our results demonstrated that METTL3, METTL14 and ALKBH5 were dominantly expressed in the brain and exhibited remarkable responses to crowding or isolation. The individual knockdown of methyltransferases (i.e., METTL3 and METTL14) promoted locust movement and conspecific attraction, whereas ALKBH5 knockdown induced a behavioral shift toward the solitary phase. Furthermore, global transcriptome profiles revealed that m6A modification could regulate the orchestration of gene expression to fine tune the behavioral aggregation of locusts. In summary, our in vivo characterization of the m6A functions in migratory locusts clearly demonstrated the crucial roles of the m6A pathway in effectively modulating aggregation behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil texture affects rice nutrient uptake and yield formation by influencing soil structure, microbial activity, and soil nutrient supply capacity. Analyzing the relationship between soil texture, nutrient content, and rice agronomic traits is of great significance for precise and efficient fertilizer application. The tillage layer (0–20 cm) of 31 paddy fields in China's main rice-producing areas was collected to perform rice pot experiments, and soil texture characteristics, physicochemical properties, microbial-related indicators, and rice agronomic traits were measured and analyzed. The results showed that these soils could be classified into four types of soil texture: loamy sandy soil, sandy loam soil, silty loam soil, and silty soil. Analysis of variance showed that the available nitrogen (AN), available potassium (AK), and available phosphorus (AP) contents were the highest in silty loam, silty, and sandy loam soils, respectively, and silt loamy soil had the highest CEC. Principal component analysis (PCA) also showed that soil physicochemical properties can be distinguished to a certain extent according to soil texture types. For the relationship of soil texture parameters and soil physicochemical properties, soil organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), AN, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), and microbial carbon (MBC) contents were positively correlated with soil clay content, AK was positively correlated with silt content, and soil phosphorus status was significantly related to pH. Mantel's test revealed significant correlations between rice N, P, and K nutrient status, dry matter accumulation, and yield, and soil available nutrient content, MBC, pH, and soil texture parameters. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that sand affected soil available nutrients by regulating pH, while clay can positively influence soil available nutrients by affecting soil organic matter mineralization and microbial activity, thus influencing nutrient absorption and yield formation in rice. Overall, in rice production, the silty and silty loam paddy soil with fine texture and higher clay content facilitates the mineralization of soil organic matter and the activity of soil microbes, resulting in more available soil nutrients, which benefits the rice absorption and accumulation of nutrients. Furthermore, a higher content of clay also promotes the distribution of dry matter to the panicle, thereby promoting rice yield formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]