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The efficiency of the electrochemical performance of the separator in supercapacitors (SCs) is primarily determined by the ion transport performance, which in turn depends on the pore size uniformity and electrolyte absorption. Cellulose separators with high electrolyte absorption are expected to exhibit outstanding ion transport; however, they remain largely unexplored. Here, we report the fabrication of cellulose separators that feature a hierarchically cross-linked network, and tightly stacked structures can achieve extremely low separator resistivity and enhanced ion transport properties. Compared with common separators, this work enables the investigation of ionic transport in greater detail. High electrolyte absorptivity is realized due to its uniform pore environment, high pore density, hydrophilicity, ultrathin thickness, and reduced impedance, which guarantees the excellent ion transport performance of the separator. The high thermal stability of regenerated cellulose enables the separator to preserve its structural integrity at temperatures as high as 200 °C, thereby ensuring the safety of supercapacitors. This work opens up the application of an ultrathin regenerated cellulose separator with enhanced ion transport performance in large-scale industrialized production with implications that can promote the development of safe and high-performance separators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) show promising potential in energy harvesting and sensing for various electronic devices in multiple fields. However, the majority of materials currently utilized in TENGs are unrenewable, undegradable, and necessitate complex preparation processes, resulting in restricted performance and durability for practical applications. Here, we propose a strategy that combines straightforward chemical modification and electrospinning techniques to construct all-cellulose nanofiber-based TENGs with substantial power output. By using cellulose acetate (CA) as the raw material, the prepared cellulose membranes (CMs) and fluorinated cellulose membranes (FCMs) with different functional groups and hydrophobic properties are applied as the tribopositive and tribonegative friction layers of FCM/CM-based triboelectric nanogenerators (FC-TENGs), respectively. This approach modulates the microstructure and triboelectric polarity of the friction materials in FC-TENGs, thus enhancing their triboelectric charge densities and contact areas. As a result, the assembled FC-TENGs demonstrate enhanced output performance (94 V, 8.5 µA, and 0.15 W/m 2 ) and exceptional durability in 15,000 cycles. The prepared FC-TENGs with efficient energy harvesting capabilities can be implemented in practical applications to power various electronic devices. Our work strengthens the viability of cellulose-based TENGs for sustainable development and provides novel perspectives on the cost-effective and valuable utilization of cellulose in the future.