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Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a deadly disease with limited diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here we conduct a comprehensive proteomic profiling of ovarian tissue and plasma samples from 813 patients with different histotypes and therapeutic regimens, covering the expression of 10,715 proteins. We identify eight proteins associated with tumor malignancy in the tissue specimens, which are further validated as potential circulating biomarkers in plasma. Targeted proteomics assays are developed for 12 tissue proteins and 7 blood proteins, and machine learning models are constructed to predict one-year recurrence, which are validated in an independent cohort. These findings contribute to the understanding of EOC pathogenesis and provide potential biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of the disease. Additionally, by integrating mutation analysis with proteomic data, we identify multiple proteins related to DNA damage in recurrent resistant tumors, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying treatment resistance. This study provides a multi-histotype proteomic landscape of EOC, advancing our knowledge for improved diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Abstract To non‐destructively resolve and diagnose the degradation mechanisms of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), it is necessary to cross‐scale decouple complex kinetic processes through the distribution of relaxation times (DRT). However, LIBs with low interfacial impedance render DRT unreliable without data processing and closed‐loop validation. This study proposes a hierarchical analytical framework to enhance timescale resolution and reduce uncertainty, including interfacial impedance reconstruction and multi‐dimensional DRT analysis. Interfacial impedance is reconstructed by eliminating simulated inductive and diffusive impedance based on a high‐fidelity frequency‐domain model. Multi‐dimensional DRT decouples solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and charge transfer (CT) processes by the reversibility of electrochemical reactions with state of charge (SOC) to characterize electrode kinetic evolution driven by SOC and temperature through timescales and peak area. The findings reveal that reconstructed impedance improves the accuracy of identified time constants by ≈20%. Cross‐scale DRT results reveal that SOCs below 10% at 25 °C effectively distinguish electrode kinetics due to the high correlation between cathodic CT and SOC. Kinetic metrics characterize that anodic SEI or CT are different control steps limiting the low‐temperature performance of different cells. This work underscores the potential of the proposed framework for non‐destructive diagnostics of kinetic evolution.

Abstract Background Highly resilient adolescents with type 1 diabetes have been proved to achieve within-target glycemic outcomes and experience high quality of life. The ecological resilience model for adolescents with type 1 diabetes was developed in this study. It aims to increase our understanding of how resilience is both positively and negatively affected by internal and environmental ecological factors. Methods This cross-sectional study surveyed 460 adolescents with type 1 diabetes from 36 cities in 11 provinces, China. Participants completed self-report questionnaires on resilience, family functioning, peer support, peer stress, coping style, and demographics. Standard glycated hemoglobin tests were performed on the adolescents. Structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the data. Results The ecological resilience model for adolescents with type 1 diabetes was a good model with a high level of variance in resilience (62%). Family functioning was the most important predictor of resilience, followed by peer support, positive coping, and peer stress. Moreover, positive coping was the mediator of the relationship between family functioning and resilience. Positive coping and peer stress co-mediated the association between peer support and resilience. Conclusions Family functioning, peer relationships, and positive coping are interrelated, which may jointly influence resilience. The findings provide a theoretical basis for developing resilience-promotion interventions for adolescents with type 1 diabetes, which may lead to health improvements during a vulnerable developmental period.

Abstract Background Adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus suffer from diabetes distress and poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL) since living with the condition that differentiates them from their peers. The present study investigated the effects of peer support and stress on diabetes distress and HRQOL and whether positive coping mediated the effects. Methods We used a prospective study design. A total of 201 adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus from 20 cities in 4 provinces were recruited.Participants complete two separate surveys at approximately 18-month intervals. The scales employed at both Time 1 and Time 2 included the Diabetes-Specific Peer Support Measure, Diabetes Stress Questionnaire for Youths, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, 5-item Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale, and the Diabetes Quality of Life for Youth scale. Results Baseline peer stress directly predicted diabetes distress and HRQOL at 18 months, even controlling for age, gender, and peer support. However, the direct effect of baseline peer support on 18-month diabetes distress and HRQOL was insignificant. Baseline peer support indirectly affected diabetes distress and HRQOL at 18 months through positive coping, indicating that positive coping plays a mediating role. Conclusion The findings suggest that peer social relationships, especially peer stress, and positive coping are promising intervention targets for adolescents facing challenges in psychosocial adaptation.

Summary: This study investigated host responses to long COVID by following up with 89 of the original 144 cohorts for 1-year (N = 73) and 2-year visits (N = 57). Pulmonary long COVID, characterized by fibrous stripes, was observed in 8.7% and 17.8% of patients at the 1-year and 2-year revisits, respectively, while renal long COVID was present in 15.2% and 23.9% of patients, respectively. Pulmonary and renal long COVID at 1-year revisit was predicted using a machine learning model based on clinical and multi-omics data collected during the first month of the disease with an accuracy of 87.5%. Proteomics revealed that lung fibrous stripes were associated with consistent down-regulation of surfactant-associated protein B in the sera, while renal long COVID could be linked to the inhibition of urinary protein expression. This study provides a longitudinal view of the clinical and molecular landscape of COVID-19 and presents a predictive model for pulmonary and renal long COVID.

IntroductionVariability in microbial residues within soil aggregates are becoming progressively essential to the nutritive and sustainability of soils, and are therefore broadly regarded as an indispensable part of soil organic matter. It is unexplored how the widespread implementation of microbial fertilisers in agricultural production impacts soil organic nutrients, in particular the microbial residue fraction.MethodsWe performed a three-year field experiment to verify the distinct impacts of microbial and organic fertilizers on carbon accumulation in soil microbial leftovers among aggregate fractions.ResultsMicrobial residual carbon was shown to decrease insignificantly during the application of microbial fertilizer and to rise marginally afterwards with the utilization of organic fertilizer. However, the combined effects of the two fertilizers had substantial impacts on the accumulation of microbial residual carbon. Changes in the structure of the fungi and bacteria shown in this study have implications for the short-term potential of microbial fertilizer shortages to permanent soil carbon sequestration. Additionally, our findings revealed variations in microbial residue accumulation across the microbial fertilizers, with Azotobacter chroococcum fertilizer being preferable to Bacillus mucilaginosus fertilizer due to its higher efficiency. In this scenario of nutrient addition, fungal residues may serve as the primary binding component or focal point for the production of new microaggregates, since the quantity of SOC provided by fungal residues increased while that supplied by bacterial residues decreased.DiscussionOur findings collectively suggested that the mechanisms behind the observed bacterial and fungal MRC (microbial residue carbon) responses to microbial fertilizer or organic fertilizer in bamboo forest soils are likely to be distinct. The application of microbial fertilizers for a limited duration led to a decline soil stable carbon pool, potentially influencing the regulation of soil nutrients in such hilly bamboo forests.

Immunotherapy has emerged as the primary treatment modality for patients with advanced Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its clinical efficacy remains limited, benefiting only a subset of patients, while most exhibit immune tolerance and face a grim prognosis. The infiltration of immune cells plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression. In this study, we conducted an analysis of immune cell infiltration patterns in HCC patients and observed a substantial proportion of CD8+T cells. Leveraging the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified 235 genes associated with CD8+T cell and constructed a risk prediction model. In this model, HCC patients were stratified into a high-risk and low-risk group. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited a lower survival rate, predominantly presented with intermediate to advanced stages of cancer, displayed compromised immune function, showed limited responsiveness to immunotherapy, and demonstrated elevated expression levels of the Notch signaling pathway. Further examination of clinical samples demonstrated an upregulation of the Notch1+CD8+T cell exhaustion phenotype accompanied by impaired cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion functions that worsened with increasing Notch activation levels. Our study not only presents a prognostic model but also highlights the crucial involvement of the Notch pathway in CD8+T cell exhaustion—a potential target for future immunotherapeutic interventions.

Key Clinical Message The second distobuccal canal in the maxillary first molar is often missed because of the low prevalence rate (0%–4%). The article reports this kind of variation in one case. Promising outcomes have continued up to the present (2‐year follow‐up).

Biodegradable suture anchors based on Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy were developed for ligament-to-bone fixation in rotator cuff surgeries. The Mg alloy anchors were designed with structural features of narrow tooth and wide tooth, and simulated through finite element analysis (FEA). Meanwhile, the corrosion behaviors of the Mg alloy anchors were studied by immersion test and the mechanical properties were investigated by measuring the maximum torque and pull-out force. The simulation result showed that the wide-tooth anchor exhibited more a uniform stress distribution and lower shear stress in the torsion process, suggesting a satisfactory torsional resistance of this structure. Meanwhile, the wide-tooth anchor exhibited a lower Von-Mises stress after applying the same pull-out force in the simulation, indicating a higher resistance to pull-out failure of the anchor. The result of the immersion test indicated that the wide-tooth anchor exhibited a slightly slower corrosion rate in Hank’s solution after 14-day immersion, which was beneficial to enhance the structural and mechanical stability of the biodegradable suture anchor. Furthermore, the results of the mechanical properties test demonstrated that the wide-tooth anchor showed superior performance with higher maximum torques and axial pull-out forces before and after corrosion. More importantly, the axial pull-out force and maximum torque for the wide-tooth anchor decreased by 5.86% and 8.64% after corrosion, which were significantly less than those for the narrow-tooth anchor. Therefore, the wide-tooth suture anchor with lower corrosion rate, higher mechanical properties and structural stability is a promising candidate for ligament-bone fixation in the repair of rotator cuff injuries.

Pt-based catalysts have been widely investigated for propane dehydrogenation (PDH) due to their superior activation of C-H bonds. It is still a challenge to develop highly dispersed Pt-based catalysts with an excellent PDH performance. Herein, we designed in situ-formed PtMn intermetallic nanoclusters on Mn-doped mesoporous Al2O3 as efficient catalysts for PDH. A series of characterizations demonstrated that well-dispersed PtMn intermetallic nanoclusters were in situ-formed and did not aggregate into large ensembles during PDH reactions. The PtMn intermetallic nanoclusters reduced the activation temperature of C-H cleavage and improved the PDH performance. The specific activity of the Pt/2Mn-Al2O3 catalyst was 0.81 molC3H6 molPt-1 s-1 at 600°C, which is comparable to that of most of the state-of-the-art PtM bimetallic nanocatalysts. Moreover, the catalyst exhibited better stability than the undoped catalyst, which resulted from the antisintering effect of the PtMn intermetallic nanoclusters and the migration of coke from the Pt sites to the support. Thus, the Pt/2Mn-Al2O3 catalyst exhibited excellent regeneration stability with recoverable propane conversion and selectivity for propylene after removing coke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of advanced neural modulation techniques is crucial to neuroscience research and neuroengineering applications. Recently, optical-based, nongenetic modulation approaches have been actively investigated to remotely interrogate the nervous system with high precision. Here, we show that a thin-film, silicon (Si)-based diode device is capable to bidirectionally regulate in vitro and in vivo neural activities upon adjusted illumination. When exposed to high-power and short-pulsed light, the Si diode generates photothermal effects, evoking neuron depolarization and enhancing intracellular calcium dynamics. Conversely, low-power and long-pulsed light on the Si diode hyperpolarizes neurons and reduces calcium activities. Furthermore, the Si diode film mounted on the brain of living mice can activate or suppress cortical activities under varied irradiation conditions. The presented material and device strategies reveal an innovated optoelectronic interface for precise neural modulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunotherapy has emerged as the primary treatment modality for patients with advanced Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its clinical efficacy remains limited, benefiting only a subset of patients, while most exhibit immune tolerance and face a grim prognosis. The infiltration of immune cells plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression. In this study, we conducted an analysis of immune cell infiltration patterns in HCC patients and observed a substantial proportion of CD8+T cells. Leveraging the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified 235 genes associated with CD8+T cell and constructed a risk prediction model. In this model, HCC patients were stratified into a high-risk and low-risk group. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited a lower survival rate, predominantly presented with intermediate to advanced stages of cancer, displayed compromised immune function, showed limited responsiveness to immunotherapy, and demonstrated elevated expression levels of the Notch signaling pathway. Further examination of clinical samples demonstrated an upregulation of the Notch1+CD8+T cell exhaustion phenotype accompanied by impaired cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion functions that worsened with increasing Notch activation levels. Our study not only presents a prognostic model but also highlights the crucial involvement of the Notch pathway in CD8+T cell exhaustion--a potential target for future immunotherapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of physical disability, yet no studies have assessed the extent to which muscle quality, a measure reflecting muscle functionality, was altered in prediabetes and its specific phenotype. Objective: We evaluated their associations in a general US population with mediation analysis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Participants with prediabetes were stratified as having an isolated defect (impaired fasting glucose [IFG], impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], or impaired hemoglobin A1c [IA1c]), 2 defects (IFG + IGT, IFG + IA1c, or IGT + IA1c), or all defects (IFG + IGT + IA1c). Muscle quality was calculated as dominant grip strength divided by dominant arm muscle mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: We included 2351 participants (938 with prediabetes and 1413 with normoglycemia). Despite higher grip strength and larger arm muscle mass, arm muscle quality was lower in prediabetes and all prediabetes phenotypes (except for IGT) than normoglycemia (all P < .04), and was unrelated to prediabetes awareness. Arm muscle quality was decreased and the odds of low arm muscle quality was increased in prediabetes with increasing numbers of glucometabolic defects (both P < .001), with insulin resistance being the predominant mediator. HbA1c-defined prediabetes (IA1c) had lower arm muscle quality and higher odds of low arm muscle quality than blood glucose–defined prediabetes (IFG, IGT, or IFG + IGT). Conclusion: Muscle quality was impaired in prediabetes and its specific phenotype. Relative to blood glucose, elevated HbA1c might be a better predictor of reduced muscle quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a new fermented food was developed using pineapple by-products and whey protein (2.6%) as raw materials through the co-fermentation of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria and yeast. To better understand the fermentation mechanism and the impact of microorganisms on the entire fermentation system, we tracked the changes in carbohydrate and amino acid profiles, organoleptic quality and microbial community during the fermentation process. Compared with unfermented samples, dietary fiber and free amino acids increased significantly as fermentation proceeded. The fermented samples were significantly lower in astringency and bitterness and significantly higher in sourness, umami and richness. The fermented products were richer in volatile compounds with floral, cheesy, fruity and other flavors. Relevant analyses showed that the core microbial community was highly correlated with the quality attributes of the fermented products. Microorganisms such as Lactococcus, Weissella, Hanseniaspora, Saccharomyces and Lachancea contributed significantly to the fermented products.

Thus far, little is known about whether jackfruit flake, a byproduct of jackfruit, can be used as a fermentation substrate to obtain value-added products through microbial fermentation. Here, jackfruit flake puree was fermented by three different ways: spontaneous fermentation (JF), inoculated with LAB (JFL), inoculated co-fermentation with LAB and yeast (JFC). In contrast to JF, the total polyphenol and flavonoid content and syndrome-associated enzyme inhibition are significantly increased in JFC at the end of fermentation. Electronic tongue analysis revealed that the JFC was significantly lower in astringency and higher in bitterness. 41 volatile compounds were identified during fermentation by HS-SPME-GC–MS, and JFC was richer in honey, rose, and fruity flavors. A total of 290 compounds were screened for discriminative pre- and post-fermentation differential metabolites by non-target metabolomics analysis. These results provide a potential reference for the conversion of jackfruit waste into functional products using fermentation.

[Display omitted] • In this study, we proposed a novel strategy the concept of controlled-release hotspots. On the one hand, Ag NPs were encapsulated in the dialdehyde starch granules to prevent oxidation and aggregation, which effectively prolongs the storing period time of the substrate. On the other hand, Ag NPs were released from dialdehyde starch granules, and abundant hotspots were generated at the same. Therefore, the as-prepared substrate can achieve high stability and sensitivity by means of controlled-release hotspots. • In particular, a flexible paper-based substrate based on Ag@CDS was also fabricated and successfully applied to detect the TBZ residues on the surface of the apple by simply wiping sampling. Pesticide residues have long been a major concern for food safety. In this study, a dialdehyde starch-encapsulated silver nanoparticles composite with controlled-release "hotspots" was developed as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. At room temperature, most of the Ag NPs were encapsulated in dialdehyde starch, which is beneficial for improving stability, and when heated to the gelatinization point, Ag NPs are completely released and abundant hot spots are formed. We demonstrated sensitive detection of thiabendazole (TBZ) in or on the surface of an apple by means of two ways, i.e., detecting the analyte in solution after pretreatment and in-situ detecting the analyte by using a flexible paper-based substrate. The results showed that the detection limits of TBZ by the two ways were 0.052 ppm and 0.051 ppm respectively, and the recoveries of TBZ range from 96.80 % to 105.46 %. Overall, this SERS substrate shows great potential for pesticide residue detection in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]