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Myelolipoma is a kind of benign lipoma containing myeloid cells. It is a rare type of tumor that typically presents as an occasional adrenal tumor, generally manifesting as a nonfunctional adrenal mass. Although it can occur in extra-adrenal tissues, its occurrence in bone tissue is extremely rare. Most cases are discovered accidentally during physical examinations of adults, and there are currently no reports of cases with pathological fractures as the main symptoms. We present a case of a 15-year-old teenager who developed a pathological fracture caused by femoral myelolipoma. The diagnosis of the specific type of bone tumor of the patient was determined through pathology and imaging. To treat the condition, we utilized a technique known as the "soft drill" to fully access the tumor space, remove the bone septum, and scrape away the diseased tissue. The fracture was then stabilized using a hybrid external fixation. After a 2-year follow-up period, there was no recurrence of the bone tumor. This case is the first case of intraosseous myelolipoma that occurred in a minor with the initial symptom of pathological fracture, filling the gap in our existing body of knowledge and providing a reference for the treatment of this type of intraosseous myelolipoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crumb rubber concrete (CRC) is a cementitious composite produced by incorporating rubber crumbs into normal concrete (NC), characterized by large deformation, high damping, high energy absorption, and lower Young's modulus than normal concrete. This article presents a study on the seismic performance of frame structures under four scenarios: one normal concrete frame and three CRC frames. The total lateral stiffness, fundamental period, lateral earthquake loading, and interstory lateral displacements are calculated and compared based on the standardized design procedure. The results indicate that CRC frame structures increase the fundamental period and reduce the lateral earthquake loadings. The fundamental period of the CRC columns and beams (S3) is increased by 5.48% against normal concrete beams and columns (S0). However, decrease in the total lateral stiffness and increase the interstory lateral displacements was observed. The lateral earthquake loading is reduced by more than 4% against S0. These two competing factors determine the plausibility and benefit of CRC in structural application regarding earthquake design. The inter-story lateral displacements of CRC structures are still within the permissible design limits, confirming CRC's plausibility in structural application. This study also lays the technical ground for further exploring CRC in concrete structural applications that may recycle large quantities of scrap automobile tires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PSI is a sophisticated photosynthesis protein complex that fuels the light reaction of photosynthesis in algae and vascular plants. While the structure and function of PSI have been studied extensively, the dynamic regulation on PSI oligomerization and high light response is less understood. In this work, we characterized a high light-responsive immunophilin gene FKB20-2 (FK506-binding protein 20-2) required for PSI oligomerization and high light tolerance in Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). Biochemical assays and 77-K fluorescence measurement showed that loss of FKB20-2 led to the reduced accumulation of PSI core subunits and abnormal oligomerization of PSI complexes and, particularly, reduced PSI intermediate complexes in fkb20-2. It is noteworthy that the abnormal PSI oligomerization was observed in fkb20-2 even under dark and dim light growth conditions. Coimmunoprecipitation, MS, and yeast 2-hybrid assay revealed that FKB20-2 directly interacted with the low molecular weight PSI subunit PsaG, which might be involved in the dynamic regulation of PSI-light-harvesting complex I supercomplexes. Moreover, abnormal PSI oligomerization caused accelerated photodamage to PSII in fkb20-2 under high light stress. Together, we demonstrated that immunophilin FKB20-2 affects PSI oligomerization probably by interacting with PsaG and plays pivotal roles during Chlamydomonas tolerance to high light. FKB20-2 interacts with PSI small subunit PsaG in thylakoid lumen, ensuring the accumulation of PSI complexes and influencing the high light tolerance of Chlamydomonas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compaction quality is directly related to the deformation and stability of the rockfill dam. Measuring the test pit volume efficiently and accurately is the most critical step during the compaction quality inspection. A new method for calculating the test pit volume based on point cloud data is proposed. An auxiliary device that can change the scanning distance and angle of the handheld 3D laser scanner is developed to collect the initial point cloud. The segmentation method of the initial point cloud data including the test pit and the compaction surface outside the pit is to divide the data into two parts according to the order number of the segmentation point, after slicing and sorting point clouds, which is the key to ensuring the computational precision. The segmentation points are the adjacent two points with the greatest order number difference in these point clouds whose distance from the line connecting the end points of the slicing point clouds is less than dz. The compaction surface point clouds are used to construct a plane by the least-squares algorithm so that the closed three-dimensional model is formed by registering it with the test pit point clouds. After converting the test pit surface to the horizontal plane by the Rodrigues formula, the test pit point clouds are divided into n2 parts with equal projection areas on the horizontal plane, and n2 prisms are constructed using them and their projection areas. The test pit volume is the sum of the intersection space volumes of all prisms and the test pit model, and the intersection space is determined by comparing the Z-values of point clouds. The new method was programmed in MATLAB and applied to the Shuangjiangkou rockfill dam with a height of 315 m. The relative error of volume results between the new method and the old water-filling method is 0.14–2.31%. The cause of the error is analyzed, and it is proved that the results of the new method are closer to the real volume of the test pit in theory. This method reduces the inspection cost but greatly improves the level of precision, efficiency, and intelligence for compaction quality inspection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to prepare a composite adsorbent with a fixed shape to improve the performance of carbon materials and to solve the problem of adsorbent in powder form which is difficult to recycle after use. The BC-ZnS composite system was successfully prepared by hydrothermal method based on the preparation of biomass carbon (BC) using alginate (Alg), while the ZnS component was grown in-situ on the surface of BC. The effects of Alg, Zn source, hydrothermal temperature and time on the synthesis of BC-ZnS were explored, the results indicated that ZnS was successfully grown in-situ on the BC surface, while the BC maintained its original morphology. BC-ZnS showed excellent adsorption capacity for methylene blue (MB), basic fuchsin (BF), and copper ions (Cu2+), reaching 301.50 mg/g for MB and exhibiting good cyclic stability. The adsorption of MB/BF/Cu2+ by BC-ZnS was characterized by the presence of multiple forces, where the BC component mainly depended on the electrostatic force of Alg residue, while the ZnS involves electrostatic forces, ion exchange and Lewis acid/base soft-soft interactions. The adsorption process conforms to pseudo-first-kinetics and is a spontaneous entropy-increasing process. BC-ZnS can be a candidate for reusable wastewater treatment and has excellent potential for application. [Display omitted] • One-pot hydrothermal preparation of BC-ZnS composite system • Realized the growth of ZnS on the surface of BC • Realized efficient synergistic adsorption of BC-ZnS • High adsorption capacity, stable performance, stable morphology, convenient recycling • The mechanism of dyes and heavy metal ion adsorption by BC-ZnS is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio in the cultivation medium significantly influences the growth rate, vigor of mycelium, yield of fruiting bodies, and their nutritional composition. Recently, agricultural and forestry wastes have been increasingly used in cultivating Flammulina velutipes. However, systematic research on how these materials affect the nutritional and functional properties of the fruiting bodies is lacking. This study investigated the effects of different C/N ratios on F. velutipes cultivation. We evaluated the agronomic traits, nutritional composition, and flavor compounds of the fruiting bodies. Our findings reveal that an optimal C/N ratio of 27:1 in the composted substrates enhances the total yield of fruiting bodies, with 25.1% soybean straw as the primary raw material. This ratio also significantly increases the levels of crude protein, total amino acids, and essential amino acids in the fruiting bodies (p < 0.05). Fruiting bodies from the high-nitrogen (HN) treatment showed the highest content of umami amino acids and equivalent umami concentration value. Additionally, we employed an untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics approach to analyze the metabolite profiles of fruiting bodies cultivated in high-nitrogen (HN), medium-nitrogen (MN), and low-nitrogen (LN) substrates. We found that the carbon–nitrogen ratio can affect the flavor and quality of fruiting bodies by regulating amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism and other related pathways. Our results suggest that a C/N ratio of 27:1 offers numerous benefits for the cultivation of F. velutipes with comprehensive analyses and has promising application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro/nanoplastics in aquatic environments is a noteworthy environmental problem. Zooplankton, an important biological group in aquatic ecosystems, readily absorb micro/nanoplastics and produce a range of toxic endpoints due to their small size. This review summarises relevant studies on the effects of micro/nanoplastics on zooplankton, including combined effects with conventional pollutants. Frequently reported adverse effects include acute/chronic lethal effects, oxidative stress, gene expression, energetic homeostasis, and growth and reproduction. Obstruction by plastic entanglement and blockage is the physical mechanism. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity are molecular mechanisms. Properties of micro/nanoplastics, octanol/water partition coefficients of conventional pollutants, species and intestinal environments are important factors influencing single and combined toxicity. Selecting a wider range of micro/nanoplastics, focusing on the aging process and conducting field studies, adopting diversified zooplankton models, and further advancing the study of mechanisms are the outstanding prospects for deeper understanding of impacts of micro/nanoplastics on aquatic ecosystem. [Display omitted] • MPs/NPs can interfere with aquatic ecosystems by affecting zooplankton species. • Polystyrene and spherical microplastics were most commonly studied. • Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were most commonly used to explain adverse effects. • MPs/NPs can change environmental fate and toxic effects of conventional pollutants. • Various properties of MP/NPs were the most concerned factors affecting toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stripe rust is a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. Chinese wheat cultivar Lanhangxuan 121 (LHX121), selected from an advanced line L92-47 population that had been subjected to space mutation breeding displayed a consistently higher level of resistance to stipe rust than its parent in multiple field environments. The aim of this research was to establish the number and types of resistance genes in parental lines L92-47 and LHX121 using separate segregating populations. The first population developed from a cross between LHX121 and susceptible cultivar Xinong 822 comprised 278 F2:3 lines. The second validation population comprised 301 F2:3 lines from a cross between L92-47 and susceptible cultivar Xinong 979. Lines of two population were evaluated for stripe rust response at three sites during the 2018–2020 cropping season. Affymetrix 660 K SNP arrays were used to genotype the lines and parents. Inclusive composite interval mapping detected QTL QYrLHX.nwafu-2BS, QYrLHX.nwafu-3BS, and QYrLHX.nwafu-5BS for resistance in all three environments. Based on previous studies and pedigree information, QYrLHX.nwafu-2BS and QYrLHX.nwafu-3BS were likely to be Yr27 and Yr30 that are present in the L92-47 parent. QYrLHX.nwafu-5BS (YrL121) detected only in LHX121 was mapped to a 7.60 cM interval and explained 10.67–22.57% of the phenotypic variation. Compared to stripe rust resistance genes previously mapped to chromosome 5B, YrL121 might be a new adult plant resistance QTL. Furthermore, there were a number of variations signals using 35 K SNP array and differentially expressed genes using RNA-seq between L92-47 and LHX121 in the YrL121 region, indicating that they probably impair the presence and/or function of YrL121. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• New comprehensive model for mutual solubility of carbon dioxide and brine. • New comprehensive model for interfacial tension in CO 2 -brine systems. • Temperatures from 273 to 473 K, pressures to 100 MPa (solubility) or 70 MPa (IFT). • Wide range of brine chemistry: Na+, K+ Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO 4 2-, HCO 3 –. Thermodynamic properties of the CO 2 –brine pseudo-binary system are essential for the design of geological carbon storage (GCS) projects, especially those utilizing saline aquifers. The gas–liquid–solid interactions manifest in the interfacial tensions (IFTs) and contact angle determine the injectability, sealing capacity, and storage security of the GCS process. Dissolution of CO 2 in the reservoir brine occurs throughout the entire GCS process, leading to enhanced storage capacity but also to acidification of the brine, possibly leading to reservoir or seal damage. Two of the most important thermodynamic properties of the fluids are the mutual solubility and the IFT of the CO 2 –brine pseudo-binary system. In this work, we report a new correlative model for the IFT between CO 2 - and water-rich phases over wide ranges of temperature (273 to 473 K) and pressure (up to 100 MPa). The model is parameterized for brines comprising any combinations of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium cations with chloride, sulphate and bicarbonate anions up to a total molality of at least 5 mol·kg−1. The independent variables in this new model are reduced temperature, ion molalities and the mole fraction of CO 2 dissolved in the aqueous phase. The latter is related to temperature, pressure and ion molalities by an improved model for the mutual solubility. More than 2000 experimental data points were used in the development of the two models. For the IFT of the CO 2 -H 2 O binary system, the overall root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) is 0.65 mN·m−1 while the absolute average relative deviation (AARD) is 1.8%. In the case of mutual solubility, the RMSD of CO 2 mole fraction in the aqueous phase is 0.0003 and the AARD is 5.5% while, in the non-aqueous phase, the RMSD of H 2 O mole fraction is 0.0035 and the corresponding AARD is 8.7%. Similar results are found for the CO 2 -brine systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SF6/N2 mixture is an alternative gas of SF6, which is already used in electrical equipment. When a malfunction occurs, SF6/N2 will decompose and further react with trace water and oxygen to produce nitrogen-containing gases such as NO, NO2, N2O and NF3. It is necessary to monitor these gases to ensure the safe operation of the equipment. This paper is based on density functional theory (DFT), the nanomaterial Ti3C2T x doped with Au atom was selected as sensing material. The result shows that Au/Ti3C2T x has larger adsorption energy when NO and NO2 adsorbed on the surface, the stable structures were conformed more easily with NO and NO2 compared with N2O and NF3. The density of states analysis and the frontier molecule orbital analysis reveal more change of the system before and after NO and NO2 adsorption, suggesting the material showed good sensitivity performance to NO and NO2. Thus, Au/Ti3C2T x is considered to have the potential for sensing NO and NO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, China is using the SF6/N2 gas mixture to gradually replace SF6 in GIS and other equipment. However, gas-insulated equipment will inevitably have local overheating faults. The SF6/N2 gas mixture will decompose to some extent at high temperatures. Impurities such as moisture in the equipment can affect this decomposition process. At present, there are fewer studies on the moisture content of the superheated decomposition of the SF6/N2 gas mixture. Therefore, this paper carries out the SF6/N2 mixed gas superheat decomposition experiment on the constructed superheat decomposition simulation experiment platform. By changing the content of trace water, the influence of trace water on the decomposition of the SF6/N2 mixed gas insulation medium with superheat failure was initially investigated. It is found that trace H2O will promote the generation of SF6 characteristic decomposition products, especially for the generation of SO2F2. The generation of SO2 in the product is the largest, and its generation process needs the full participation of H2O. In addition, the addition of trace water will also improve the yield of nitrogen-containing products NO and NO2, and under the experimental conditions of this paper, by adding the microwater, the yield reaches 100–300 µl/l. The reaction mechanism of H2O decomposition and combining with N atoms to generate NO and NO2 at high temperatures was analyzed in this paper. The thermodynamic properties of the main reaction paths and the equilibrium constants were calculated based on the density functional theory, which provided theoretical references for the further study of the mechanism of SF6/N2 superheated decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing adsorbent materials based on biomass that can be easily recycled and reused to remove water pollutants has received widespread attention. A novel method for the preparation of calcium alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol)/boric acid (as–synthesized Ca-APB) aerogel fibers for highly efficient adsorption of methylene blue by directed freezing wet–spinning was presented in this paper. The Ca-APB-0.5 aerogel fibers exhibited a hierarchical structure consisting of a honeycomb micron pore structure with mesopores walls, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 508.99 mg/g in 5 h at 293 K. Meanwhile, the experimental data for Ca-APB-0.5 aerogel fibers showed the best fit to the Freundlich model and pseudo–second–order model. Moreover, the adsorption capacity was investigated for three consecutive cycles, with 469.37, 457.19, and 439.77 mg/g in the first, second, and third cycles, respectively. This paper proves that the hierarchical structure of alginate-based aerogel fiber is an effective dye adsorption material with high efficiency, reusability, and eco-friendliness. [Display omitted] • Robust alginate–based aerogel fibers via directed freezing–wet spinning. • Restriction of Ca2+ complexation by boric acid reduces the consumption of active groups. • Efficient adsorbent based on multi-active groups and hierarchical structure. • Micron macropores for channeling and nanopores for adsorption, inspired by soil pores. • Aerogel fibers realized high efficiency, reusability, and eco-friendliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the inherent problems of conductive hydrogels, such as relatively low mechanical properties and fatigue resistance, inability to work after water loss, and difficulty weaving. In this study, the borax-crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol/k-carrageenan (kC) conducting hydrogels (BPK KOH) were prepared by a simple one-pot method, and KOH treatment was used instead of the cumbersome and time-consuming freeze-thaw cycle to improve the comprehensive properties. The KOH treatment increased the hydrogel hydrogen bonding content by 7.72 % and synergized with the induction of kC by K+ to enhance the tensile and compressive strengths by 8.12 and 34.6 times, respectively. Meanwhile, the BPK KOH hydrogel's fatigue resistance and shape recovery after water loss were improved. Additionally, the BPK KOH hydrogels can be monitored for finger bending, showing clear and stable differences in electrical signals. BPK KOH hydrogels combined with Morse code realize applications in information transmission and encryption/decryption. Notably, introducing KOH ensures the molding and preparation of BPK KOH hydrogel fibers while having good signal responsiveness and monitoring ability. More importantly, it can be woven into fabrics that can be loaded with heavy weights, which has the potential to be directly applied in smart wearables. This work provides new ideas for applying flexible sensors and wearable smart textiles. [Display omitted] • The KOH treatment can replace the traditional freeze-thaw cycles and improve the comprehensive properties of the hydrogels. • Hydrogen bonding and densely crosslinked network structure endow BPK KOH hydrogels with good mechanical properties. • The sensors assembled by BPK KOH hydrogels combined with Morse code to achieve information transfer and encryption/decryption. • Wet spinning confirms BPK composite system's spinnability, while KOH treatment similarly affects BPK hydrogel fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large-deformation consolidation theory is fundamental for many applications involving the poromechanical couplings but faces great challenges in making accurate predictions in practices due to significant uncertainties of material permeability, k. The permeability could take random values at constant void ratio, e , due to random microscopic flow channels, moreover, its statistics vary with evolving microscopic structure subjected to volumetric compression during large-deformation consolidation, which is referred to as permeability's volumetric variability in this work. Current consolidation-related probabilistic models are focused exclusively on the properties' spatial variability and limited to infinitesimal deformations. Here, we formulate a random large-deformation consolidation model, RANDCON, by combining the random field theory with an existing piece-wise linear formulation in the Monte Carlo framework, which will simulate the large-deformation consolidation as a random process. In this model, we treat e as a spatial-like dimension to establish a generalized non-stationary random field where the statistical moments of k changes with e (i.e., random k − e relations) to embrace volumetric variability. We choose the piece-wise linear formulation that directly updates k from the generalized random field, which, being different from the conventional random field approach, is performed at every time step. The statistical results from an example shows that (1) variabilities of k yields an overall delayed consolidation due to local clogging, which could be aggravated by the associated fluctuations of e , (2) "too significant" clogging can, conversely, suppress the clogging by creating a permeable near-surface zone with increased e (k) from fluctuations; (3) the converse clogging effect also explains distinct effects of scale of fluctuation on changes of average consolidation rate in different cases. Practical significances mainly include that the deterministic approach might underestimate the time to reach full consolidation. • The permeability's volumetric variability is proposed for its random relationship with statistics varying with void ratio. • The generalized random field is built using void ratio as a space-like dimension to model volumetric/spatial variabilities. • A random piece-wise linear large-deformation consolidation model (RANDCON) is coded to consider generalized random field. • Probabilistic results show overall delayed consolidation rate with large uncertainties, stressing its practical necessity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The PM 0.5 yield drop then rise with CaCl 2 loading, the bottom at 1.5 wt% Ca. • Soot inhibition and CaCl 2 condensation cause the two-stage trend of PM 0.5 yield. • The release rate of Ca into PM 0.5 increases with temperature and CaCl 2 loading. • CaCl 2 -impregnation reduces the sizes of the soot primary particles and aggregates. • The interaction mechanisms between CaCl 2 and soot are proposed. This study investigated the influence of CaCl 2 on fine particulate matter (PM 0.5) formation during coal pyrolysis. Two acid-washed coals were loaded with different amount of CaCl 2 by physical impregnation. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted in a flat-flame burner at 1400 K, 1600 K, and 1800 K. The PM 0.5 yield was evaluated through the size-segregated sampling with a low pressure impactor (DLPI+). Then, the transformation properties of CaCl 2 was analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Finally, the soot properties were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that PM 0.5 yield is affected by coal type, CaCl 2 loading level, and pyrolysis temperature. Loading small amount of CaCl 2 can reduce the PM 0.5 yield through soot inhibition, while high loading of CaCl 2 increases the PM 0.5 yield by forming mineral particles, the lowest PM 0.5 yield occurs at 1.5 % Ca content. The PM 0.5 reduction rate of CaCl 2 increases then decreases with temperature from 1400 K to 1800 K. On all tested conditions, the PM 0.5 yield of low-rank Zhundong subbituminous coal was lower than Shenhua bituminous coal. The release rate of Ca into PM 0.5 is positively related to pyrolysis temperature and CaCl 2 loading level. Ca loading decreases the sizes of soot primary particles and agglomerates, and leads to smaller amorphous cores and more disordered graphitic shells in the soot primary particles. CaCl 2 loading also causes the dealkylation and deoxygenation of soot. The influence of CaCl 2 on soot formation can be summarized as the catalytic effect on soot precursor formation, the enhancement of soot nucleation, and the inhibition of soot coagulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Heat stress response mechanism of Grifola frondosa is proposed by multiomics analysis. • Heat shock proteins play a central role in heat stress response in Grifola frondosa. • Polyamines serve as protection agents in response to heat stress in Grifola frondosa. • Grifola frondosa uses mTOR and Ca2+ pathways to sense and transmit heat-stress signal. High temperature can lead to severe retardation in the growth and development of mushrooms, which influence the quality of fruiting bodies. Grifola frondosa is a popular and wide-cultivated mushroom in Asia; however, little information about the heat response mechanism in this commercially cultivated mushroom has been reported. The growth test was performed to determine the heat tolerance of different strains. Then, the TMT-based proteome and transcriptome analysis of major G. frondosa cultivar Qinghui-151 under different temperatures were performed. High temperature seriously affected the growth and recovery growth of mycelia. Thirty-four heat shock proteins (HSPs) were identified in the multiomics data and the expressions of most HSPs were induced by high temperature. The accumulation of HSPs under the control of HSFs is assumed to play a central role in the heat stress response (HSR) in G. frondosa. mTOR and Ca2+ signaling pathways were found to be activated under high temperature and might involved in heat stress signaling transduction. Polyamines synthesis enzymes were also up-regulated, suggesting the accumulation of stress protector polyamines under heat stress. In addition, expression of an L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (GfPAL) gene was significantly up-regulated under high temperature, which might be related to secondary metabolites synthesis. Taken together, these findings improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the response to heat stress in G. frondosa , which could promote the breeding of new heat-tolerant G. frondosa cultivars. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]