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The current study aimed to explore the combined and individual effects of vitamin D (VitD) status in three trimesters during pregnancy and cord blood (CB) on child growth trajectories from birth to 4 years of age. Pregnant women (n = 1100) were recruited between 2013 and 2016 in the Shanghai Birth Cohort (SBC) Study. A total of 959 mother–child dyads were included. VitD status was measured by LC-MS/MS at three trimesters (T1, T2, T3) and CB. Children's weight, length/height, and head circumference were assessed at birth, 42 days, 6, 12, 24 months, and 4 years of age, and standardized into z-scores [weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), length-for-age z-score (LAZ), head circumference-for-age z-score (HCZ) and weight-for-length z-score (WLZ)]. Using the group-based trajectory model (GBTM), the trajectories of the four growth parameters were categorized into discrete groups. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was employed to analyze the mixed effect of 25(OH)D throughout pregnancy on growth trajectories. The association between 25(OH)D status and each growth trajectory group was examined by multivariable logistic regression. Each 10 ng/mL increase in 25(OH) throughout three trimesters was not associated with four anthropometric parameters. Each 10 ng/mL increase in VitD in T3 was associated with a lower risk in the WAZ high-increasing trajectory (aOR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.91; p < 0.01). Each 10 ng/mL increase in VitD in CB was associated with a lower risk in the WAZ high-increasing trajectory (aOR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.76; p < 0.01). No significant association was found between maternal or CB VitD and LAZ or HCZ. Three trimesters' VitD throughout pregnancy had no persistent effect on the offspring's growth trajectory. However, higher VitD status in the third trimester and CB related to a lower risk of high-increasing WAZ from birth to 4 years of age. Elevated VitD levels in late pregnancy and cord blood may protect against continuous early-life weight growth at high levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper aims to explore the affordances of Massive Open Online Practical (MOOP) platforms in individual and collaborative learning. The purpose of this exploration is to enhance our understanding of MOOP platforms in achieving success in individual and collaborative learning. Design/methodology/approach - Qualitative data is collected by a survey of 37 undergraduate students in China. This paper extracts the affordances of MOOP platforms identified from participant feedback. Findings - this paper identifies 8 themes of MOOP affordances for individual and collaborative learning, among which the affordances for individual learning includes: practicality, informing, motivation, and efficiency; The affordances of collaborative learning includes share resources, learning pathway, synthesis, monitoring and assessment. In addition, this study provides insights into the complexity of individual and collaborative learning, and also provides advice for the future of MOOP platforms. Originality/value - This study has analyzed a unique set of data to elucidate the experiences of participants in MOOP platforms and contributed by exploring future impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is an emergency condition caused by sudden hemorrhage or infarction and characterized by sudden sella turcica compression, intracranial hypertension and meningeal stimulation. PA usually occurs secondary to pituitary adenomas and can serve as the initial manifestation of an undiagnosed pituitary adenoma in an individual. In the present study, a case of PA following surgery for cervical stump adenocarcinoma was reported. The patient experienced an abrupt onset of headache and drowsiness on postoperative day 1 (POD1), and developed blurred vision and blepharoptosis of the left eye on POD4. Pituitary MRI confirmed the diagnosis of PA, prompting the initial administration of hydrocortisone to supplement endogenous hormones, followed by trans-sphenoidal resection. At the six-week follow-up, the patient had fully recovered, with only mild residual blurring of vision. Diagnosing PA post-surgery can be a challenging task due to its symptomatic overlap with postoperative complications. The existing literature on PA after surgery was also reviewed, including the symptoms, time of onset, imageological examination, management, potential risk factors and outcome to improve on early detection and individualized treatment in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical learning and ability are crucial for individual and national economic and technological development, but the neural mechanisms underlying advanced mathematical learning remain unclear. The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate how brain networks were involved in advanced mathematical learning and transfer. We recorded fMRI data from 24 undergraduate students as they learned the advanced mathematical concept of a commutative mathematical group. After learning, participants were required to complete learning and transfer behavioural tests. Results of single‐trial interindividual brain‐behaviour correlation analysis found that brain activity in the semantic and visuospatial networks, and the functional connectivity within the semantic network during advanced mathematical learning were positively correlated with learning and transfer effects. Additionally, the functional connectivity between the semantic and visuospatial networks was negatively correlated with the learning and transfer effects. These findings suggest that advanced mathematical learning relies on both semantic and visuospatial networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circadian rhythm (24-hour period of physiological and behavioral changes) is the basis of the overall health, including mood and health. This study aimed to explore the influence of circadian rhythm and sleep schedules on depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, 841 middle school students were recruited and divided into two groups (depressive group, DG, n = 210, and control group, n = 631) depending on the total score of The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC). The circadian rhythm and sleep quality among adolescents were evaluated by using the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) and Self-rating scale of Sleep (SRSS) scales. Furthermore, correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the effects of demographic factors, sleeping arrangement, sleep quality, and circadian rhythm on depressive symptoms. The DG group’s CES-DC, BRIAN and SRSS scores were significantly higher than the control group’s. Higher scores of BRIAN and SRSS were risk factors for depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Attending a day school and waking up later on weekends may be weak protective factors. Our results suggest that circadian rhythm disturbance, sleep quality, and sleeping arrangement have a significant influence on depressive symptoms among adolescents in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a simple one-pot synthesis process is employed to introduce Pd dopant and abundant S vacancies into In 2 S 3 nanosheets. The optimized Pd-doped In 2 S 3 photocatalyst, with abundant S vacancies, demonstrates a significant enhancement in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The joint modification of Pd doping and rich S vacancies on the band structure of In 2 S 3 result in an improvement in both the light absorption capacity and proton reduction ability. It is worth noting that photogenerated electrons enriched by S vacancies can rapidly migrate to adjacent Pd atoms through an efficient transfer path constructed by Pd-S bond, effectively suppressing the charge recombination. Consequently, the dual-defective In 2 S 3 shows an efficient photocatalytic H 2 production rate of 58.4 ± 2.0 μmol·h -1 . Additionally, further work has been conducted on other ternary metal sulfide, ZnIn 2 S 4 . Our findings provide a new insight into the development of highly efficient photocatalysts through synergistic defect engineering., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Photocatalytic nitrogen reduction is a promising green technology for ammonia synthesis under mild conditions. However, the poor charge transfer efficiency and weak N 2 adsorption/activation capability severely hamper the ammonia production efficiency. In this work, heteropoly blue (r-PW 12 ) nanoparticles are loaded on the surface of ultrathin bismuth oxychloride nanosheets with oxygen vacancies (BiOCl-OVs) by electrostatic self-assembly method, and a series of xr-PW 12 /BiOCl-OVs heterojunction composites have been prepared. Acting as a robust support, ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) structure of BiOCl-OVs inhibits the aggregation of r-PW 12 nanoparticles, enhancing the interfacial contact between r-PW 12 and BiOCl. More importantly, the existence of oxygen vacancies (OVs) provides abundant active sites for efficient N 2 adsorption and activation. In combination of the enhanced light absorption and promoted photogenerated carriers separation of xr-PW 12 /BiOCl-OVs heterojunction, under simulated solar light, the optimal 7r-PW 12 /BiOCl-OVs exhibits an excellent photocatalytic N 2 fixation rate of 33.53 µmol g -1 h -1 in pure water, without the need of sacrificial agents and co-catalysts. The reaction dynamics is also monitored by in situ FT-IR spectroscopy, and an associative distal pathway is identified. Our study demonstrates that construction of heteropoly blues-based heterojunction is a promising strategy for developing high-performance N 2 reduction photocatalysts. It is anticipated that combining of different defects with heteropoly blues of different structures might provide more possibilities for designing highly efficient photocatalysis systems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to regulate gene expression to activate immune responses against pathogen infections. However, how the translation system contributes to plant immunity is largely unknown. The evolutionarily conserved thiolation modification of transfer RNA (tRNA) ensures efficient decoding during translation. Here, we show that tRNA thiolation is required for plant immunity in Arabidopsis . We identify a cgb mutant that is hyper-susceptible to the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. CGB encodes ROL5, a homolog of yeast NCS6 required for tRNA thiolation. ROL5 physically interacts with CTU2, a homolog of yeast NCS2. Mutations in either ROL5 or CTU2 result in loss of tRNA thiolation. Further analyses reveal that both transcriptome and proteome reprogramming during immune responses are compromised in cgb . Notably, the translation of salicylic acid receptor NPR1 is reduced in cgb , resulting in compromised salicylic acid signaling. Our study not only reveals a regulatory mechanism for plant immunity but also uncovers an additional biological function of tRNA thiolation., Competing Interests: XZ, HC, ZD, YW, LZ, CW, XY, QC, SY No competing interests declared, (© 2024, Zheng, Chen et al.)